JPH0614308B2 - Kana keyboard - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION As a kana keyboard used for a Japanese word processor, there is a conventional JIS-C6233 information processing system keyboard array, but for further popularization of the word processor,
It is desirable that the keyboard operation be easier and faster. The JIS keyboard is a four-step keyboard because it stores 46 kana characters with almost no shift, and the top row is particularly difficult to type. An improved version of this is the Fujitsu word processor OASYS.
The "thumb shift keyboard" used in the above, a method of inputting Roman letters using the QWERTY layout of an English typewriter, etc. have been put to practical use. All of these use a three-tiered keyboard, so the movement of the finger and the hand
The advantage is that it is smaller than the IS keyboard, but at the cost of this, the "thumb shift keyboard" has a large number of thumb shift keystrokes, reaching tens of percent of the total number of letter keys. It is known that the number of keystrokes of a character key is increased by several tens of percent as compared with kana input because a single syllable character is input separately for vowels and consonants.

In "Kanji Kanajiri Sentence", which is the usual Japanese notation, independent words such as nouns are mainly written in Kanji, and particles,
Adjuncts such as auxiliary verbs and inflection endings are written in kana. On the other hand, in the conventional kana keyboard, the whole sentence including the independent words written in kanji is input in kana, so it may result in an excessive burden on kana. If the kana input is limited to the words written in kana, that is, mainly the adjunct words, wouldn't it be possible to obtain a kana keyboard with a small number of shifts using the three-step keyboard as in the English typewriter?

In order to answer this question, it is appropriate to examine the frequency of kana in kanji-nakamashiri sentences and compare it with the frequency of full-text kana input. As the former data, the frequency of hiragana in kanji kana-majiri sentence was obtained from the “Type frequency usage survey” of the Asahi Shimbun Tokyo head office (1950), and as the latter material, Imaei Kuniharu's “Japanese digram The relative frequency and its characteristics "(the magazine" Psychology Review "April 1960, pages 85-100) were used to calculate the frequency for full-text Kana input. For ease of comparison, list them in order of frequency.

Comparing the above data reveals the following:

1. In hiragana (Asahi) in kanji kana-majiri sentences, the frequency of the top 12 characters reached 65.1%, as shown below, which was 56.5% better than full-text kana input (Imaei) and 8.6% higher. This means that the frequency of letters that can be placed in the home position row (second row) where it is the easiest to type keys is 8.6% higher.

2. It is desirable that the frequency of keystrokes with shifts on the three-tiered Kana keyboard is low, so the above 33rd and lower letters are targeted, but the frequency is 6.97% for Hiragana (Asahi) in Kanji and Kamajiri sentences. Kana input (Imae) is 9.30%, the former is less frequent.

3. 1st place of Hiragana (Asahi) in Kanji and Kamajiri sentences
The 12th character is used for postpositions, etc.
The frequency of 6 characters of N, H, H, R, and W is significantly different from that of full-text Kana input. It is below. Therefore, in the keyboard for full-text Kana input, all of these characters cannot be accommodated in the row of the home position, and the row above it is also used. Particles such as ,,,,,, and are fundamental to Japanese sentences, and the fact that they cannot be typed only at the home position is a cause of difficulty in using the full-text Kana keyboard. It has become.

FIG. 1 shows an example of a keyboard arrangement configured in consideration of the above three items. In FIG. 1, when one key is divided into upper and lower parts and two kinds of kana are assigned, the upper kana is keyed without shifting and the lower kana is combined with the shift bar. For example, the fourth key from the right in the top row is "Momo"
Is a key with no shift, and "nu" is a key with shift.

According to the frequency of Hiragana (Asahi) in the kanji kana-majiri sentence, the frequency of keystrokes without shifting in the home position (middle) of the home position shown in FIG.
In addition, the total of the drip point, the drip point, and the drip point is 56.3%.
(By the frequency of full text Kana input (Imae), the total will be 41.6%.)

The keystrokes with shifts in Fig. 1 are such that the home position dan, depending on the frequency of the hiragana characters in the kanji kana-majiri sentence (Asahi), is ho, hee, fu, hi, chi, or (including the upper hiragana).
The total of Yu (including the upper row of sounds), Mi, Mu, Me, and Wa is 5.
It was 3%, and it was 6.3% including 1% of "tsu" other than consonant sounds.
Add a total of 1.25% of Ki and Nu in the upper row to 0.74% of "Yo" and 2%, and add a total of 1.18% in the lower row, total of keystrokes with shift is 9.5%. . (Similarly, it will be 14.7% depending on the frequency of full-text Kana input (Imae).) 9.5% of shift bar keys are required, so 100% including this
When recalculated to, it becomes as follows.

Keystrokes without shifts (excluding punctuation and punctuation) Home position tiers (middle tier) 51.4% Upper and lower tiers 31.2% Typing with shifts (all tiers) 8.7% Shift bar keystrokes 8.7% Total (but not punctuation or readings) Due to the explanation above 100%, the keyboard for tapping attached words as shown in Fig. 1 is used for basic words such as particles in the home position, as opposed to the conventional keyboard with full-text Kana notation frequency. It is believed that it has been understood that by arranging the kana that are used, it is possible to increase the frequency of this step and to construct a keyboard that is easy to type and easy for beginners to master.

To explain the effect of the present invention, the kana keyboard based on the Japanese syllabary diagram as shown in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 56-113931, which is a conventional technique, cannot configure the home position with only high-frequency kana. On the other hand, in the present invention, the vowel letters A, E, I, O, and U in the Western keyboard are frequently combined with many consonant letters to form syllables by spelling from phonemes of the alphabet. Focusing on the point that forms the rhythm of fingering, we place high-frequency particles in the home position to act as a vowel character in Western keystrokes. Particles, etc. have no substantial meaning and have no practical use (inflection change), so that interference with keystrokes due to associations constrained by context context is unlikely to occur, and it is highly frequent. The above-mentioned role is that it has properties similar to A, E, I, O, and U in keystrokes, and that it often appears at a predetermined position in a phrase in the form of an independent word plus an adjunct word. Is possible. In the present invention, the phonetic kana, which is often used for Chinese words etc. that express the substantive meaning in detail, is treated differently from the above-mentioned high-frequency particles and overlaps with the high-frequency particles (K, TA, (C, C, etc.) except for the non-shift keystroke stages of the home position.
As a result, it was possible to construct a keyboard that was easier to type and easy for beginners to master, with increasing frequency.

Even when inputting an independent word using the upper and lower keys of this keyboard, the finger returns to the home position to strike an accessory word such as a particle at a break in a phrase or phrase, so it does not interfere with sentence thinking. The position of the palm is stable. Particles, etc., are distributed in each line of the Japanese syllabary, so they are widely used in J
Like IS C 6233, it is easy to realize a straight keyboard arrangement in which each row of the Japanese syllabary is collectively arranged on each finger or each step and the keystroke skills are compatible. On the other hand, the second syllable of the kanji sound is concentrated in the upper and lower rows, i, u, and so on, so that keystrokes can be omitted in the shorthand notation. The frequency of keystrokes with a shift can be made lower than that of the keyboard according to the frequency of full-text Kana notation.

As for the type of keystroke with shift, the type of hitting the shift bar while pressing the letter key, the type of hitting the letter key and releasing the finger from the key afterwards, the type of hitting the shift bar, the type of locking the shift bar, etc. Gazette Sho-1
Fig. 3 of 4935 and its explanation on page (4), and (2)
Page, Patent Publication No. 55-162134, FIGS. 7 and (11)
It is known from the description of FIG. 7 in the page and page (12), but any of them can be adopted.

If the keystrokes made by the Naka keyboard are mainly limited to the adjunct words, an efficient and easy-to-operate keyboard can be obtained as described above, and it can also be used for keystrokes for independent words and for programming languages such as computers. That is, if a keying means for a word normally written in kanji is prepared separately, a more advanced effect is produced.

This means is disclosed in JP-A-55-162134 and JP-A-57-1493.
In No. 5, I invented and published only the application, "Selection device for in-key kanji and out-key kanji in typewriter". FIG. 2 shows a part of the kanji layout. Second
The “i” key shown in the figure is assigned four Kanji characters in the keyboard (Kanji that are used most frequently), meaning “I”, “K”, “K”, and “K”. The combination of the shift keys (keys indicated by 1, 2, 3, 4 on the shift bar in FIG. 1) is performed. That is, 1 of "i" means
"I" 2 is mindful, "I" 3 is thought, "I"
If you hit the key and then press 4, the intelligence is tapped. Meaning, mind,
Of the four letters of wisdom and knowledge, only the initial letter "means" is read the same as "i" on the keyboard, and the other three letters have no direct relation to the arrangement of kana on the keyboard. Can be arranged. Kanji outside the keyboard (many Kanji that are used infrequently) are arranged in addition to the Kanji inside the keyboard, so this is the same.

As described above, the layout of kanji is not controlled by the arrangement of kana keyboards, so it is necessary to consider the printing frequency of independent words that are written in kanji as in the kana-kanji exchange type word processor keyboard when arranging the kana keyboard. The arrangement of the Kana keyboard can be determined exclusively by the printing frequency of the kana in the attached words. Kana keyboard, English typewriter keyboard, etc. can input multiple Kanji characters by touch method.Therefore, the printing efficiency is not limited to the keyboard layout, but the keystroke method according to the frequency of use of Kanji characters. A method with a small number of keystrokes can be selected in consideration of a method for determining homophones and different characters, a method for specifying a kana or kanji character type, a method for specifying a phrase, and the like.
Examples of specific methods are disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 55-162134 and 5
7-14935.

For convenience of explanation, an example in which the arrangement of Chinese characters is directly written on the keyboard in a part of the keyboard shown in FIG. 2 is shown for convenience of explanation, but in the keystroke by the touch method, the characters stored without looking at the keyboard are shown. Since keys are typed according to the arrangement, substantially the same effect is produced even if no Kanji is written on the keyboard. Since the characters written on the keyboard only have a meaning as a memorandum, it is possible to substitute them with another list, a textbook, or the like.

When typing Kanji characters in the keyboard belonging to the Kana with shift keystroke, the number of keys can be saved by striking the shift bar and the Kanji shift key with the thumbs straddled. For example, the kanji "ji" is the kanji shift 1 for "chi" as shown in FIG.
Therefore, the thumb can be straddled over the shift bar for designating "Chi" and the Kanji shift key 1 for tapping.

When designating Kanji characters outside the keyboard, the number of keys can be saved by striking the Kanji keys outside the keyboard and the shift bar (Fig. 1) with the thumbs straddled. For example, the Chinese character "taste" outside the keyboard is "i".
It is attached to the Kanji in the keyboard "Mii" which is shift 1 of the key of "," so you have to type the key of "Mi" and the key of Kanji outside the keyboard, but "Mi" shifts. Since it is a keystroke that is attached, the thumb is straddled over the shift bar and the Kanji key outside the keyboard.

With the above two means, it is possible to prevent an increase in the number of keystrokes due to the shift bar operation during the kanji keystroke.

In Fig. 1, the kana and punctuation keys are arranged on a three-stage keyboard. However, like the above-mentioned "thumb shift keyboard" and the English typewriter keyboard used for inputting Roman characters, the uppermost stage There may be an example in which a numerical key is added to form a four-tiered keyboard in appearance, or a ten-key pad is provided on the right side of a kana keyboard, etc., in combination with known techniques. In addition, a one-sided shift key is provided for printing one-sided kana, and an alphabetic shift key and a known letter-arranged letter key are used for printing romaji. These shift keys may be conventionally known shift keys.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows an example of the keyboard arrangement used in the present invention, FIG. 2 shows a part of the arrangement of the Chinese characters in the keyboard, and the lower half of FIG. 3 shows the Chinese characters in the keyboard attached to the Kana of the shifted keystroke. A part of arrangement is shown.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A typewriter in which particles, which are frequently written in kana and kana in kanji, are arranged in a row at the home position to form a three-stage keyboard, and infrequent characters are arranged as keystrokes with shifts. Kana keyboard used for selecting the in-key kanji and out-key kanji.