JPH0612483Y2 - Measuring device for all angles of prism - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] The present invention relates to a comparative measuring instrument for simultaneously and simply and highly accurately measuring all angular errors of triangular prisms having various angles used in various optical devices such as prism binoculars. is there.

In a typical right-angle prism, there are four errors as a manufacturing angle error: vertical angle (right angle) error, surface angle on both sides (45 °) error, and pyramid error (tilt error). It exists in the state of being

Conventionally, as an instrument for measuring these errors, an optical collimator or other optical measuring instrument has been used in the case of finished products, but in the case of rough machining products, the prism is opaque and optical measurement is impossible. Therefore, a mechanical measuring device is used.

Universal measuring microscopes and three-dimensional measuring machines are used as the mechanical measuring instruments for precise measurement. However, these general-purpose measuring instruments are complicated in measurement, and the above-mentioned four errors cannot be measured simultaneously. However, since it requires more complicated calculation processing, it is expensive and not suitable for on-site measurement.

For simple measurement, an angle gauge, a combination of a V block and a dial gauge, etc. are used, but these measure four errors separately, so the measurement accuracy and measurement efficiency are low,
Evaluation is also difficult.

In addition, there is a simple dedicated measuring instrument for the field shown in the utility model registration application 075610 in 1984. This is a three-dimensional space with three faces of a right-angle prism as one face, one point,
With the structure of positioning with one line, two errors (vertical angle error and pyramid error) can be measured simultaneously, but the other two errors will be measured separately by the above simple measurement method. .

In addition to the vertical angle error and pyramid error of the triangular prism, the present invention is capable of processing all four errors at the same time, including both surface angle errors on both sides, with high precision and without distinction between finished products and rough processed products. It is intended to obtain a measuring instrument that can be easily measured in the field, and it is a comparative measuring instrument on the assumption that a standard prism is used as a master to achieve this purpose. It is configured in.

Next, an embodiment of the present invention in which a right-angled prism is constructed as an object to be measured will be described with reference to the drawings.

The main body made of metal has side plates 9a and 9b for arranging the free plane plates 3 and 4 at positions substantially orthogonal to each other, and the reference plane plate 2
It is composed of a moving guide base 10 for supporting parallel movement of the above, a support base 11 for supporting the right-angled prism 1 on the upper surface thereof for point support, and a bottom plate 12 for mounting and fixing these.

The metal reference plane plate 2 has a highly precise flatness because its surface serves as a reference plane for measurement, but a large relief portion is provided to reduce the influence of the flatness of the prism measured surface on the measurement precision. And the reference plane (front surface) in the center of the back surface
The operation shaft 13 is rotatably attached to the vertical axis, and two guide shafts 23a and 23b are fixed to both sides of the operation shaft vertically to the reference plane.

The free metal flat plate 3 has highly accurate flatness on both the front and back surfaces, the parallelism on both surfaces is also highly accurate, and has a conical recess in the center of the back surface. It is attached to the side plate 9a through the support shaft 24 and the coil springs 20 arranged at the four corners of the periphery.

Therefore, the free plane plate 3 can make surface contact by freely changing its inclination in any direction with the center of the sphere at the tip of the support shaft 24 as the center of rotation according to the shape of the rectangular prism 1.

The flexible flat plate 4 has the same structure as the flexible flat plate 3 and is attached to the side plate 9b.

The moving guide 10 has a stepped hole 22 through the operation shaft 13 in the center.
And two guide holes 15a and 15b that are machined in parallel with high precision through the guide shafts 23a and 23b.

The operation shaft 13 and the guide shafts 23a and 23b are the movement guide base 1
The reference flat plate 2 can be moved back and forth in parallel by operating the knob 14 which is fitted in the stepped hole 22 of 0 and the guide holes 15a and 15b and is attached to the rear end of the operation shaft 13.

Further, the operation shaft 1 fitted in the stepped hole 22 of the movement guide table 10
A coil spring 21 and an adjusting ring 16 for measuring the pressure by the coil spring 21 are attached to the front of 3, and a moving range adjusting ring 17 having a pair of hooking pins 18 is attached to the rear side.

Further, around the stepped hole 22 on the front side surface of the movement guide base 10, a pair of receiving holes 25 for retaining when the operation shaft 13 is pulled toward the front are alternately deepened every 45 ° about the axis. Two sets of holes and shallow holes are provided. When the hooking pin 18 enters the deep hole, it is in the measuring state, and when it enters the shallow hole, it is in the hooking state (when mounting or removing the prism, etc.). It is supposed to be.

The detectors 7 and 8 are attached to the base plate 27 via the fixtures 26, and the detectors 5 and 6 are directly attached to the side plates 9a and 9b as shown in FIG. 1, and the holes formed in the side plates 9a and 9b are removed. By the way, the measuring heads are brought into contact with the back surfaces of the flexible flat plates 3 and 4, respectively.

The mounting position of each detector is such that the center of the sphere at the tip of the support shaft 24 supporting the free plane plates 3, 4 is the origin and the detectors 5, 5,
6 is mounted laterally, and the detectors 7 and 8 are mounted upwardly at required intervals.

A dial gauge is used for each detector, but the required detection sensitivity (minutes, seconds, etc.) depends on the model, minimum scale, and mounting interval.
Select according to. The bottom plate 12 is fixed to the base plate 27.

In measurement, since the measuring instrument of the present invention is a comparative measuring instrument, it is necessary to first perform zero-setting of the detector.

In the zero set, first, the operating shaft 13 is pulled to the front by the knob 14 and the reference flat plate 2 is retracted by the guide shafts 23a and 23b, and then the knob 14 is rotated by one pitch (45 °) in any direction. After the hooking pin 18 is hooked in the shallow hole, the standard prism 1 having no right angle error, each side surface angle (45 °) error and pyramid error is placed on the support base 11.

Subsequently, the knob 14 pulls the operating shaft 13 toward you, removes the latch pin 18, rotates by one pitch in any direction and inserts it into the deep hole, and the coil spring 21 causes the reference flat plate 2 to move together with the operating shaft 13 into the guide shaft. 23a and 23b move in parallel to each other and come into contact with the surface I of the standard prism 1 to push it forward, so that the standard prism 1 has a plane II sandwiching the apex angle (90 °) on the free plane plate 3 and a plane III. Is pressed against the free plane plate 4 and moves forward while changing the inclination of the free plane plates 3 and 4 according to the movement, but the planes I, II, and III are the reference plane plate 2, the free plane plates 3, 4, respectively. When it is sandwiched in the state where it is in full surface contact with each other, the movement of the standard prism 1 and each part of the measuring device is stopped, and the positioning of the posture of the standard prism 1 with reference to the reference flat plate 2 is completed.

In order to make the movement of the standard prism 1 smooth at this time, the fulcrum 19 is set slightly higher than the upper surface of the support base 11 for point support.

In this state, the pointers of the detectors 5, 6, 7, and 8 are zero-set, and then the knob 14 is pulled toward the front and rotated by one pitch in an arbitrary direction, and again locked, and then the standard prism 1 is taken out.

Next, the measurement is performed by placing the right-angle prism 1 to be measured instead of the standard prism 1 on the support 11 and operating the knob 14 in the same manner as in the case of zero set, according to the magnitude of each error of the right-angle prism 1. The tilts of the flexible plane plates 3 and 4 slightly change compared to the zero-set, and the minute displacement is displayed as an error on each detector.

That is, the left-sided surface angle (45 °) error of the right-angled prism 1 is indicated to the detector 5, and the right-sided surface angle (45 °) error is indicated to the detector 6. Required by.

Δγ = − (Δα + Δβ) where Δγ: vertical angle (right angle) error Δα: right side surface angle (45 °) error indicated by the detector 6 Δβ: indicated by the detector 5 Left face angle (45 °) error The pyramid error is the tilt of the surface I when the planes II and III shown in Fig. 4 (a) are used as the reference. This corresponds to a composite of the collapses of the surface II and the surface III.

The measuring instrument of the present invention is based on the latter idea. The pyramid error is perpendicular to the plane I of each tilt error indicated to the detectors 7 and 8 as the tilt of planes II and III shown in FIG. 4 (b). It is calculated by the following equation as the sum of components in different directions.

Δλ = (Δλ ₇ + Δλ ₈ ) / √2 where Δλ: Pyramid error Δλ ₇ : Tilt error instructed to detector 7 Δλ ₈ : Tilt error instructed to detector 8 By repeating this operation, it is possible to continuously measure the angular error of a large number of rectangular prisms.

In this embodiment, the distances from the center of rotation of the flexible flat plates 3 and 4 to the mounting positions of the detectors are set equal to each other so that the detection sensitivities of the respective errors are equalized, and a scale interval of 1 μm corresponds to an angle of 10 seconds. .

As described above, the present invention has the following characteristics because the measuring device is a device for measuring the angle of the prism and is a comparative measuring device for comparison with the standard prism.

a. All the angular errors of the right-angle prism, that is, the right angle error of the apex angle, the surface angle (45 °) error of both sides, and the pyramid error can be measured simultaneously with high accuracy and easily.

b In a general measuring instrument, the measurement is started after setting the DUT to the measuring instrument, whereas in the measuring instrument of the present invention, the measurement is finished at the moment when the right angle prism is set in the measuring instrument. Very high measurement efficiency.

c Compared to a three-dimensional measuring machine, etc., the measuring instrument has been made much smaller and portable, so there is no need for a special measuring table and it can be easily used on the workbench in the field.

d The most important thing in making the measuring instrument of the present invention is
It is the flatness of the free plane plates 3 and 4 and the reference plane plate 2 and the parallel movement precision of the reference plane plate 2. Generally, it is not necessary to have the accuracy of the squareness and the position of each part required when manufacturing a measuring instrument. Easy to make.

e Since it is possible to measure with high accuracy both finished processed products whose surface to be measured is transparent and rough processed products that are opaque, it is possible to analyze the correspondence between the processing accuracy of both with the same measurement accuracy.

f The fixed position of the moving range adjusting ring 17 fitted to the operation shaft 13 is changed to adjust the moving range of the reference flat plate 2, and the fixed position of the support shaft 24 is changed to change the positions of the free flat plates 3 and 4. By adjusting it, it is possible to cope with changes in the size of the rectangular prism within a certain range.

g The conical recesses on the back surface of the flexible flat plates 3 and 4 are the support shafts 2.
(4) Since it is supported by a coil spring 20 that is attached to the sphere at the tip, it is possible to prevent accuracy deterioration due to wear and the like due to its structure and long-term use.

Achieved a wide range of cost reductions for measuring instruments.

That is, according to the present invention, in order to measure four errors, that is, the vertical angle error of the rectangular prism, the surface angle errors on both sides, and the pyramid error, the surface I of the rectangular prism is used as a reference plane (reference plane plate 2) in a three-dimensional space. , Plane II to one fixed point (free plane plate 3
Center of rotation) and surface III at one fixed point (center of rotation of free plane plate 4), and the manufacturing errors of all angles of the right-angle prism are aggregated into the inclinations of surface II and surface III, and the tilting reference The planes (free plane plates 3 and 4) are brought into surface contact with the planes II and III, and the horizontal component of the inclination is detected as a face angle error and the vertical component is detected as a pyramid error. Simultaneous measurement of four errors, which is considered difficult by mechanical measurement, is highly accurate, and is equivalent to or faster than the time required to set the prism in other measurement methods, and has the effect of being easy to measure on site.

As another implementation method, an electrical measuring device is used as a detector, and if a calculation circuit for length / angle conversion, a display, and a recording device are added to the detector, four errors will occur in the angles (minutes, seconds). Can be displayed and recorded.

Also, if the main body is constructed by changing the sandwiching angle of the side plates 9a and 9b, it becomes an isosceles triangular prism having an apex angle of any angle other than 90 °, and further, the reference plane plate 2 with respect to the parallel movement guide shafts 23a and 23b. The present invention can be applied to prisms having an isosceles triangle if the tilt angles are changed.

The durability is improved if the reference plane plate 2 and the free plane plates 3 and 4 which are important components are made of ceramics or the contact surface of the free plane plates 3 and 4 is provided with an escape portion.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a measuring surface of a right angle prism. FIG. 4 is an example of pyramid error. 1 is a right angle prism (standard prism). 2 is a reference plane plate,
3 and 4 are flexible flat plates, 5 and 6 are detectors (face angle error), 7 and 8 are detectors (tilt error), 9a and 9b are side plates, 10 is a moving guide, 11 is a support, and 12 is a support. Bottom plate,
13 is an operating shaft, 14 is a knob, 16 is a measuring pressure adjusting ring, 1
7 is a moving range adjusting ring, 18 is a latch pin, 19 is a fulcrum,
20 is a coil spring, 21 is a coil spring, 22 is a stepped hole,
Reference numerals 23a and 23b are guide shafts, 24 is a support shaft, 25 is a receiving hole, 26 is a fixture, and 27 is a base plate.

Claims (3)

[Scope of utility model registration request] 1. A free plane plate (3) which is capable of freely changing its inclination according to the shapes of a reference plane plate (2) which is translated and serves as a reference plane for measurement and a right-angle prism (1) which is an object to be measured, (4) is a basic element, and these are attached to the right-angle prism (1) at the positions corresponding to the three surfaces of the right-angled prism (3) and the flat surface plates (3) and (4), respectively. 5) and (6) and the tilt error detectors (7) and (8) all prismatic angle errors (vertical angle (right angle) error, both sides angle (45 °) error, pyramid error) An all-angle comparative measuring instrument for right-angle prisms, which features simultaneous measurements. 2. Claim 1 of the utility model registration claim
An all-angle comparative measuring instrument for triangular prisms, in which a prism with an apex angle other than 90 ° is used as the object to be measured instead of the right angle prism (1). 3. A utility model registration system as claimed in claims 1 and 2, wherein the reference plane plate (2) is tilted with respect to its translational direction so as to correspond to a triangular prism having an arbitrary angle. Measuring device for all angles of prism.