JPH06114294A - Method and device for treatment of muddy water or sand and soil-containing material - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To easily and efficiently execute acceleration of a filtration rate, fractionation, dehydration or purification and to improve environmental problems by a cost reduction by treating sewage or sand and soil-contg. materials in prescribed stages in liquid cyclones, discriminating these materials to specific parts or above by a separator and respectively separately using or dehydrating the liquid contg. relatively fine particulates and the parts contg. relatively coarse particles. CONSTITUTION:The method for treatment of the sewage or the sand and soil-contg. materials consists in supplying the muddy water, muddy material or sand and soil together with water to the liquid cyclone 5 by means of a pump 4 in the case of treatment of the mud water, muddy material or sand and soil. These materials are treated in two stages with the liquid cyclones 5, 14 and are fractionated by the separator selected from an inclined plate settling device 9 and a fluidized bead treatment device to total 3 parts; the fluid part contg. the relatively fine particulates and the dissolving components and the two parts of the different grain size distributions including the relatively coarse particle components. The liquid contg. the fractionated relatively fine particles and the parts contg. the relatively coarse particles and respectively separately used or dehydrated.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to civil engineering mud, bentonite mud, sludge treatment and recycling, residual soil, excavated soil, dredged soil, soil separation, purification, water supply, rivers, ponds, etc. Treatment of dredged soil such as aquariums, lakes and harbors, sludge, etc., namely deodorization by washing, classification, filtration, etc., fine particle separation,
It relates to methods and equipment suitable for efficient dehydration, removal of harmful substances, and purification, and is intended for environmental purification, water use, land reclamation, land reclamation, construction of separated sediment, utilization for civil engineering, etc.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there has been no low-cost, simple treatment method for separating or purifying muddy water, sludge, dredging mud, earth and sand, and harmful earth and dust that are used for construction. Waste muddy water and mud generated during construction work are neutralized as sludge, and while adding a sedimentation agent, dehydrated as is and then landfilled or dumped as sludge into the ocean, which is a problem from the viewpoint of water pollution. It was Odor, earth and sand containing harmful components, sludge, etc. were usually treated by incineration or cement hardening.
In addition, it is difficult to separate impurities, and most of them use the mold of the equipment used in the chemical industry as it is, which is expensive, and even if it is processed, the final disposal cost of the processed object is not always low, When wastewater is generated by the treatment, the wastewater treatment often involves facility costs, power costs, operating costs, etc., and was not suitable for large-scale implementation. The cost of the conventional unit that can be used for crushing, sieving, separation, deodorization, dehydration and water treatment is also high, and there have been few attempts to reduce the overall cost of the plant. However, transportation costs and landfill disposal costs were relatively low, so there was no problem and it was difficult to develop technology for proper disposal. In recent years, carbon dioxide problems related to global warming, pollution of coral reefs and seaweeds,
Marine dumping has become a problem due to problems with growth and fish pollution. Moreover, the number of suitable landfills will decrease, and further, the accidents that polluted the groundwater with harmful substances from the landfill will surface, and the cost of personnel will increase, the cost of transportation will increase, and the disposal cost will increase. I was strongly requested. On the other hand, there is a method of blowing vapor into the land to purify the soil contaminated with chemical substances, and pulling a vacuum from the collection well to collect and purify the volatile harmful substances, but it may not be effective like non-volatile substances. Yes, sediment, bulk sediment, sludge,
Not suitable for small amounts of earth and sand, landfills, etc.

[0003]

The earth and sand, sludge, and muddy water often contain foreign substances, and when they contain harmful substances, they must be detoxified or purified, and if possible, they are preferably recycled. When treating muddy water, muddy soil, dredging, contaminated soil, etc. generated during construction work, washing, purifying, p
As a result of examining the adjustment of H, filtration and improvement of dehydration rate, dehydration may be carried out as it is, or a precipitation agent such as an aluminum compound or an iron salt may be added in order to improve dehydration property. In some cases, sand can be simply classified to recover sand, and in other cases, it is necessary to separate mixed organic substances, that is, COD components, odors, harmful substances, salt, and the like. In all cases, most of the time, first, the impurities such as metal scraps, wire, wire rope scraps, plastic film, wood chips, and pebbles are separated, then the condensed soil is crushed to the particle level, and then washed with water and warm water. , Or classify and dehydrate the soil if necessary. In this way, the soil can be reused and the water can be recycled or purified and discharged to complete the process. Wire, wood, plastic, film,
A string or the like blocks the sieve mesh or winds it, making it difficult to separate them. However, improvement of the device structure as a countermeasure,
It was difficult to implement it not only on a small scale but also on a large scale because it had the problems of increasing the amount of washing water, increasing the strength of the separation equipment, increasing the power consumption, complicating the equipment, increasing the size and cost. Due to lack of landfill, scrap metal, steel materials, etc. in landfill waste
A simple technique was demanded for the separation treatment of combustible materials such as plastics, the effective volume reduction by incineration, and the recovery treatment of contaminated land. The use of liquid cyclones has been avoided because they are expensive. In addition to the large flow rate for the measurement of specific gravity for controlling the operating conditions, the sedimentation and separation of the sand during the measurement required precise measurement, which required manual work. For this reason, it took a lot of time to manage the construction quality in terms of construction. The present invention is a low-cost method and equipment suitable for treating heavy equipment for construction, sludge, contaminated earth and sand, general sludge, sludge, etc. with high efficiency, low power, and low fuel consumption by combining these devices and operations in a simplified manner. Aim to get.

[0004]

[Means for Solving the Problem] When dewatering muddy water or hydrated earth and sand, as a result of examining pH adjustment and improvement of filtration / dehydration rate, the fine particle component and the coarse particle component are classified by particle size as compared with the case of being dehydrated as it is. It was discovered that dehydration of coarse particles is significantly improved when the water is separated into more than one part and then dehydrated separately, and that dehydration can be easily performed in a deposited state without necessarily requiring a dehydrator.
This division does not necessarily need to be strict and may be as necessary. Those which are severely clogged by filtration of the divided ones are disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Nos. 62-274897 and 4-7 already proposed by the inventor.
It is advantageous to perform dehydration treatment by using 5115 or flat 4-157258. That is, the filtration rate can be increased by reducing the amount of mud to be separated and mechanically dehydrated, and allowing a small amount of fine particles to leak mud water containing a limited amount of earth and sand. Suction filtration is performed to form a thin layer cake, which is back-blown with a space between the filtration surfaces and discharged, and the cycle is repeated. Dehydration in thin layers can range from clay-like ones with poor fluidity to creamy ones with fluidity. If necessary, the liquid can be flowed in the opposite direction in the filtration process to increase the dehydration rate and the dehydration rate. This is because cake clogging is large near the first filtration surface and water remains on the opposite side. Therefore, the dehydration rate can be increased by shifting the time and sucking and dehydrating from the second surface on the opposite side. Adding a precipitating agent such as aluminum compounds and iron salts, which has been commonly used to improve dehydration, not only increases the fine particle component, but also increases the fine particle and entrains coexisting sediment components to promote gelation tendency. However, it was found that in the treatment of a high concentration and a large amount of mud, the separation in the settling tank is rather hindered and the dehydration filter may be enlarged. After such an operation, it is possible to improve the dehydration property and simplify the operation by similarly removing the fine particle component. In addition, most of the pollutants and harmful components, whether organic or inorganic, are present in the particles of the harmful substance itself, most of them are deposited or adsorbed on the surface of the sediment particles and are fixed or in adsorption equilibrium with the liquid phase. I understood. It is well known that the surface area is proportional to the cube of the particle size for the same type of particles. Therefore, by determining the range to be separated according to the particle size distribution, the purification operation of soil, mud and sludge can be performed efficiently. I found that I could do it. A viscous component is added to the mud heavy liquid for earthmoving, and it shifts to the separated silt component, so if a small amount is replenished, it can be recycled. Moreover, the COD of the separated water remains around 40 ppm. According to the present invention, a portion having a small particle diameter is separated by fluidized bed classification or a liquid cyclone, and then a relatively coarse component is directly dehydrated. Conventionally, it was common to dehydrate all of the water in one batch, regardless of the mud and sand that are treated.
This is because it was thought that the filterability was better when coarse particles were mixed in the fine particles. However, in particular, the presence of fine particles that play a role of clogging and heavy liquid, such as bentonite muddy water for civil engineering, causes water drainage and extremely deteriorates filterability, which causes the sludge to be legally treated.
However, the present invention was accomplished by discovering that fine particles can be treated as sand or silt with good drainage. It has been found that when the particles are simply settled in a settling tank as in the conventional case, coprecipitation occurs, and fine particles are mixed with coarse particles to deteriorate the dehydration property. If the soil concentration is reduced by separating with a cyclone, the sand and silt remaining in the liquid that are not separated by the cyclone will be settled for a while, fluidized bed separation, and the second stage cyclone treatment will be easy. When forming a fluidized bed for separation,
A pump or propeller can be used to generate a fluidizing upward flow in the aquarium to form a suspended or fluidized bed of sediment particles, which is then subjected to mechanical disintegration or shearing forces to condense. After elimination, it can be fed to or in the fluidized bed with mechanical disintegration force, and if necessary, combined with chemical, physicochemical or biochemical separation operations. Moreover, the device and operation are simple. The separated soil is subjected to the action in a suspended state or in a fluidized bed, and at the same time it is treated as (1) cleaning and removing contaminants, (2) classification, it itself works as (3) heavy liquid and is input. Coexisting with soil and sand, it increases the apparent density of the water system, assists in the crushing and flow of clods, and promotes the floating separation of relatively lightweight wood chips and waste plastics. Although surface wear of fluidized particles in a cyclone or a fluidized bed is generally considered to be unfavorable, the present invention has an advantage of removing deposits and promoting cleaning. There was an example in which mud circulation was performed locally in a conventional water tank for construction, but it was a circulation of a heterogeneous suspension and could not be positively used as a heavy liquid for separation. Also, when simply using water, those with a small specific gravity difference with water, such as wood chips and plastic chips, may be entrained in the water stream and settle with sediment and pebbles. And therefore the power consumption was also an obstacle to the separation work. It is easy to partially form a fluidized bed in the settling tank and it consumes less power. Sediments, especially those containing a large amount of fine particles, polyvalent ions such as those containing or originally containing calcium, aluminum, iron ions, those containing organic or inorganic colloids, are fixed in a fixed layer state in a static state. However, those that are not solidified may be in the form of gel, have poor water permeability, and easily encase or adsorb organic substances and metal ions, and easily show thixotrovies. If iron is present in the corrosive sludge in the reducing atmosphere, it is present as a divalent iron salt, which easily causes gelation. This phenomenon is not limited to dredging sludge,
It is also generated in the excavation of the ground, the muddy water generated by on-site pile driving, and the treatment of stabilized muddy water. This blows in carbon dioxide,
Stabilization can improve sedimentation, dehydration, and detergency. Next, when fine particles and coarse particles coexist, it is difficult to wash them simply by irrigating. In the case of a large amount of sediment treatment, it was presumed that most of the sedimentary layer would be clogged with fine particles to form a short-circuit canal, resulting in a large number of dead spaces, which could not be easily cleaned. In the normal state, even the metal salt added as a precipitating agent often hydrolyzes and remains in the form of hydroxide as it is, and when the concentration of particles becomes high, it stabilizes the gel and inhibits dehydration and washing on the contrary. In view of the above, an acid residue, ion or carbon dioxide gas or combustion gas that reacts with the gelatinous precipitate of hydroxide to form a sparingly soluble precipitate may be added to substantially eliminate the collagen. The operation of adding a trace amount of anion to improve the filterability of a certain type of precipitation is known as a special case in the field of analytical chemistry, but the addition of sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid turns into a harmful ion when used as an aggregate for construction. And there are difficulties such as promoting the coagulation of the stabilizing solution, which is not preferable.

[0005]

[Formation of separation fluidized bed and suspension bed] In the present invention, hydrous earth and sand has thixotropic property, and when shear force and vibration force are applied, fluidity can be obtained not only in the ground and large lumps but also in small particle groups. The headline is what you use. Moreover, if such earth and sand are allowed to stand, they will again solidify and solidify or gel to make classification and washing difficult. When fluidized with water, the collision probability of the particles becomes small, so the re-condensation speed can be reduced, and even with gentle stirring the re-condensation time can be greatly extended, effectively preventing re-condensation sedimentation or gelation. succeeded in. The stirring speed can be easily determined experimentally depending on the soil quality at a rotation speed of about 0.1-60 rotations / hour, but in most cases it is about 0.2-20 rotations / hour, and power consumption is low. . The frequency and intensity can also be determined experimentally. In water, it weakens the cohesive force of soil and facilitates crushing. Therefore, it is possible to disintegrate the aggregate in water and to perform operations such as sieving, fluidizing or extracting while fluidizing and washing. Agitation re-dissociates the deposited coagulated particles and increases the classification or washing speed. In the upper part of the device, the particles of earth and sand themselves act as heavy liquid material, so the earth and sand are crushed by a wet coarse sieve,
Classification becomes easier by separating coarse foreign matter while applying buoyancy. If necessary, it can be fluidized by crushing with a jet flow or local strong stirring, and sieving power or stirring power can be saved.
With weak agitation, the agglomerates are moved to a strong agitation unit equipped with another small strong agitation blade at a low position with weak crushing. When the whole fluidized bed is vigorously stirred, power consumption increases and there is a problem of wear. Furthermore, since sedimentation or fluidization increases the density of the water system, the difference in specific gravity between water, such as wood chips, plastic chips, films, strings, etc., becomes large, and miscellaneous substances that were difficult to separate due to the proximity of specific gravity were caught by stirring. It separates from the soil and floats, and can prevent adhesion problems and winding problems with the screen mechanism below the water surface. Conventionally, when fluidizing particles on a large scale, the fluid pressurizing power of a pump or the like was large, but in the present invention, water or warm water is circulated in or near the tank as necessary, and dispersed and fluidized by a distribution mechanism. By using a fluid, power consumption can be greatly saved. For example, a large-diameter hood or large-diameter pipe, a propeller, a turpin pump, a perforated plate or a perforated pipe dispersion mechanism is sufficient. As the fluidized fluid distribution mechanism, other known ones can be used, but a single or a plurality of swirl blow ports can also be used, and it is easy to prevent blockage due to low pressure loss. These operations make it possible to carry out the combination economically by facilitating the dehydration of the equipment and the subsequent steps.

[0006]

[Hydrocyclone and settling tank] Applying shearing force and exerting the crushing effect can be easily and effectively achieved by sending muddy water to the hydrocyclone with a pump having a crushing ability or supplying it to the classification fluidized bed. It It is particularly effective to supply coarse particles from the bottom of the liquid cyclone to a classification fluidized bed or a multi-stage washing fluidized bed, and perform a series treatment to combine the shearing effect with the separating or washing effect. It is difficult to make a high-concentration slurry generated by using heavy liquid for civil engineering into a desired fine particle suspension or product with a single cyclone. Therefore, it is randomly settled in the settling tank, and sometimes the separation is insufficient and excavation work is performed. Then there was a problem. Therefore, a plurality of cyclones having a relatively small diameter and a sharp particle classification curve of 100 to 150 mm or less should be used.
It is preferable to use in multiple stages or more, to use in series with a fluidized bed, or to use an inclined plate settling device with a vibrator in combination. By doing so, it was found that the fluctuation can be absorbed even if the high-concentration slurry is temporarily supplied. The liquid cyclone can also reduce the power consumption by using the axial flow cyclone to perform the crushing action and the contact action. When the throughput is comparatively small, it is easy to use multiple cyclones in series, because a single high-pressure pump or multiple relatively low-pressure pumps are used to force movement between stages. However, power consumption increases, equipment costs and operating costs increase, and wear of equipment due to wear cannot be ignored. Large scale eg 5
With an electric capacity of 0 to 500 KW or more, it is suitable to use the fluidized bed technology in multiple stages for cleaning and classification. Unlike the case of a liquid cyclone or an air fluidized bed, the fluidized bed itself can reduce the pressure loss and has an advantage that the power is about 1 / 2-1 / 5. Especially in the apparent circulation in the tank, the suspended fine particles are circulated while at least partially separating and fluidizing a relatively coarse portion of sand or silt as a diluent that is inert to gelation. To raise. The fluidized bed has the effect of dispersing and agitating the fine particles to improve the contact efficiency, but there is no example in which the particles were classified and washed in an aqueous fluidized bed while stirring to prevent aggregation. Moreover, there is no example of performing it in a sedimentation tank. In the static sedimentation layer, high-concentration mud matter containing organic matter, fine clay particles, sand particles, etc. tends to be gelled, and it is difficult to form a fluidized bed, and it is apparently difficult to separate by a cyclone. there were. Regarding the cyclone shape, conventional cyclones usually consisted of a swirl blowing part, a body, a conical bottom extraction part, and an upstream extraction part. However, the transition between the body and the cone is discontinuous and the flow is unnatural, and it is not easy to make a regular truncated cone at the bottom of the cone, and the cone is often deformed. Was causing the decrease.
Focusing on these points, the present invention has found that a general-purpose different diameter joint for piping can be used instead of the conical portion. Since this joint is a standard mass-produced product, its shape is stable, and when it is used, the vertical seam disappears due to machining, and the horizontal seam is not provided on the slope part, so the performance of the manufactured cyclone is stable. I became a doctor who made a design. It is also possible to reduce the diameter in two stages and provide an inflection point of the curve in the middle to reduce the flow of the heavy particles in the backward flow direction along the slope due to the centrifugal force to improve the efficiency. The valve or damper connected to the bottom of the cyclone is used to adjust the amount of removal, but if it is squeezed, it tends to become blocked. Conventionally, in order to prevent blockage, it has been squeezed from the periphery so as to leave the central opening. However, it is not easy to control a wide range of flow rates. In the present invention, a small amount of fluid is allowed to flow by providing a hole, a slit, or a notch in the valve body portion or the damper plate portion of the dead space that is formed when squeezed, and therefore, clogging is prevented by causing particle flow. . The representative dimensions of the hole diameter, slits, and notches are appropriately about 0.5-10 mm, and a plurality of them may be provided.

[0007]

[Separation operation] If hot water is used to wash soil containing harmful substances such as sludge, the separation of high boiling point oil components will be facilitated. Conventionally, a small amount of oil was contained, but the water drainage was poor and the oil mud that did not self-combust was particularly difficult to treat, and there was no method other than incineration using a large amount of fuel. Conventional devices of this type are expensive. Moreover, the treatment of mud, sludge, and sludge containing a small amount of oil that does not burn by itself consumes a lot of fuel and is practically difficult from an economical point of view. This is probably due to the appearance of a gel-like mud mass that could not be extracted except by boiling. However, in the present invention, it is possible to easily apply a shearing force while crushing mud and earth and sand by a pump, a hydrocyclone, a vibrator, etc., and treating them simultaneously in hot water (including hot water) within the thixotropic effective time. It can be processed. No large stirred tank is required. The hot water can use a cheap heat source by burning waste (which may be separated waste oil, waste plastic, combustible materials such as paper). By using this heat source, activated carbon can be used to treat the generated wastewater. , The waste activated carbon is the same low temperature heat source 200-
There is an advantage that it can be reused in the process by performing low temperature regeneration with hot air of 600 ° C. By such a method, it is possible to purify the sediment sludge of a harbor and a port in which garbage and sludge are mixed, and it is also possible to use it for landfilling or construction of a landfill site while purifying the dredged material of the port. On the other hand, the separated sand can be used as a building material or a raw material for aggregate. The volume of mud can be reduced by using sand as a building material. The separated components may be blended again and mixed with, for example, raw garbage compost or the like for horticulture, agriculture, or landfill. Sediment sludge from sea and harbor is salt water, but when applied to a centrifugal pump, hydrocyclone, etc. or a fluidized bed that follows it, the gel structure is at least temporarily destroyed like stabilized mud that deteriorated, and cyclone separation or fluidized bed classification, Or found to be washable. What is interesting is that each of the particles thus partially separated or washed can be subjected to static sedimentation or mechanical sedimentation, and fluidized classification. At this time, carbon dioxide gas can be blown in with or without the addition of lime. This helps eliminate settling or separation obstacles due to the nature of the gel. It is also possible to apply the same operation to the separated fine particle portion, filter and dehydrate, and further cure. At the time of hardening, gypsum or cement-based hardening agent can be added to harden or coarsen. Preliminary separation of foreign matters is possible with a device installed in seawater, and it is usually difficult to separate and costly separates. It becomes even easier in a particle suspension flow or in a fluidized bed. If a bucket is dredged and put in a water tank (or seawater tank) to form a fluidized bed or a vibrating fluidized bed formed by the mud itself or sand, relatively light foreign matters are floated. At this time, it is preferable to install a sieving machine inside or above the fluidized bed and to form a fluidized bed as heavy liquid by passing through the sieving machine. On the sieving machine, fine particles are entrained by the fluidized water flow, and this is separated from foreign matters by a separator such as a grid. You may stir together strong water flow. However, it is effective to mechanically separate mud and foreign matters with a mechanical stirrer. The separated sand can be further subjected to hydrocyclone with seawater, subjected to fluid classification to further separate mud, and finally subjected to countercurrent washing with fresh water to form cement aggregate.

[0008]

[Purification and Recycling of Water] Water, seawater, fresh water, and mud reclaiming for construction used for separation can be recycled after a relatively simple separation, and with high efficiency, environmental pollution can be prevented. Regarding water quality,
It is advantageous to use both biochemical decomposition and physicochemical separation, and the former is the inventor's "fluid treatment method and apparatus Japanese Patent Application No. 4-157".
258 "is suitable. For the latter, the use of fluidized activated carbon method, microbial activated carbon treatment and its spent activated carbon low temperature regeneration process can prevent clogging and other obstacles due to fine particles, dissolved salts and sticky substances, and is suitable at low cost. As a method for this, a flow regeneration method of activated carbon developed by the inventor (Patent 103141
No. 8) "," Low temperature regeneration method of activated carbon (Japanese Patent Application No. 62-1279).
48) "and" a method for regenerating a carbonaceous adsorbent (Japanese Patent Application No. 62
"149854)" is particularly suitable. However, other low and high temperature treatment methods, microbial regeneration may be utilized. However, high temperature regeneration of activated carbon is not suitable for seawater purification. By further separating organic and inorganic fine particles from the mud, a soil having relatively improved water permeability and air permeability can be obtained, which improves the efficiency of dehydration operation, and the soil can be used for agriculture and horticulture. As a dehydration method, Japanese Patent Application No. 4-75115 is suitable because of its compact size. By using warm water for treatment,
It is easy to extract and separate harmful substances to render them harmless, and to sterilize and deodorize above the sterilization temperature to clean the operation itself. This required heat can be covered by waste heat of 40-45 ° C. or higher or hot waste water, and heat of waste incineration, hot waste water of power plants and factories can be used. In warm water, the plastic strength will be small, so
Separation itself becomes easy, and it is convenient for the treatment after separation with less offensive odor. The efficiency of the dehydration process has been an important factor for treatment and utilization and has been a hindrance in the past, but one of the causes of difficulty in dehydration of soil and sludge is that organic or inorganic fine particles block the coarse particle gap during the dehydration operation. This is to prevent the permeation of water. A liquid cyclone, especially a small-diameter cyclone having a diameter of 100 mm or less, a low-speed agitation fluidized bed, or a multi-stage fluidized bed classifier has a sharp fine particle classification curve and relatively excellent separation performance, and therefore facilitates subsequent dehydration operation. It was found that the separated cyclone downstream can be dehydrated just like sand, even if it contains silt components, just like open sand. A water separator equipped with a vibrator can accelerate the dehydration of water-containing particles, and the dewaterability of mud or earth and sand that have been separated by increasing the water permeability can be improved. Since the separated water suspension of the fine particles was also a dilute liquid, cake formation was small and filtration and dehydration became easy. This is different from conventional filtration and dehydration methods that use coarse particle filter aids for fine particle filtration. This is an environment-friendly technology that reuses fine particles as heavy liquid, or allows fine particle leakage during filtration or separation operations to increase the processing capacity of the equipment, and is characterized in that it has been solved without focusing on clarification filtration as in conventional chemical machinery. There is. Large sedimentation tanks and sedimentation basins have a problem that sediment or silt settles at the bottom and is buried, and the separation conditions vary with the passage of time.Excessive residence time increases the amount of fine particles settling out and causes poor separation from coarse particles. As a result, the dewaterability of the sediment is deteriorated. When a sedimentation tank is used for bentonite mud, initially there is no sediment, and bentonite and silt precipitate together with sand due to the long residence time of bentonite mud. In order to prevent such a problem, it is better to lower the water level in the sedimentation tank at the beginning and raise the water level as it is filled with sedimentation so that the residence time of water is not excessive. The float is achieved by raising the water withdrawal means, i.e. drain, inlet, submersible pump, as the water level changes. The separation of small particles having a slow sedimentation speed and the separation of the particles can be easily achieved by moving the parallel inclined plate sedimentation device up and down by a float as well. Since it requires almost no power, it has an advantage of less power consumption than using a liquid cyclone in superposition.

[0009]

[Embodiment 1] FIG. 1 shows an example of an apparatus suitable for the treatment of stabilized mud used in an earth drilling method, which is a type of construction pile. The muddy water from the drill hole enters the distributor 1 of the dewatering sieve 2,
The foreign matters are separated through the strainer sieve, fall into the settling tank 3, and are sent to the liquid cyclone 5 by the pump 4. pH
The carbon dioxide gas for adjustment is blown in near the pump or from the inlet 102 in front of the cyclone. In the downstream of the cyclone, the outflow amount or specific gravity is adjusted by the valve 60, and the dewatering sieve surface 6 separates the sand content. The remaining sand and silt fall into the settling tank again, and the sand is settled while passing under the baffle plate 7 to the water surface. The sand is separated by passing through a parallel slanted plate settler floating on a float and passed through a coarse filter plate to a cyclone 14 by a pump 13 whose depth from the water surface can be adjusted by ground slings 11 or chains 12.
The downstream 15 circulates. The upstream 16 is sent to the storage tank as usable recycled heavy liquid. Depending on the quality, the upstream of the cyclone 5 is a storage tank or circulation refinement. Reference numeral 17 is a vibrator used to improve the fluidity of the sand on the bottom of the tank. 18 is the interface between the sediment and the water. 19 prevents the spread of sediment at the bottom of the tank,
Moreover, a gallery that allows water to pass through, 20 is a base for the pump 13, 2
Reference numeral 1 denotes a damper that can be opened and closed by the operation lever 22. Note that this device may be used exclusively for sand separation, and silt separation and sand purification / dehydration may be performed by another device. By this device, sediment was separated from the bentonite heavy liquid containing sediment having a specific gravity of 1.2-1.4 and regenerated to a specific gravity of 1.06-1.1. Due to gelation, the specific gravity exceeded the standard and became unusable, and what was discarded as sludge could also be recycled. The separated sediment settled in the sedimentation tank had improved dewatering property, and the sandy soil could be piled up and dehydrated easily without using a dewatering sieve. Since the silt content has a fine grain size, it has fluidity due to the nature of the excavated ground, and although natural dewatering by sedimentation takes time, it is put in a pit with a weir filled with coarse filter medium 10 and the sand quality is measured on a daily or weekly basis. It was able to drain like soil. In order to improve the efficiency, the silt accumulated in 29 is stored in the pump 13 or a dredging bucket, etc.
2), let stand still, and separate water phase with coarse filter medium 10 and drain 3
5, the fine particle suspension is separated, and then suction-removed from the vacuum filtration surface 34 by the suction system 38. After completion of the dehydration, the door 36 is opened and the dehydrating silt is discharged by the tilting device 37. The sand sent from the settling sand layer 18 (FIG. 1) to the sand dewatering tank 31 by a pump, a water level difference, a bucket, etc. similarly separates the water phase by the filter media 10 and 34, and the water phase is pumped by the pump 4 to the tank 3.
Return to and collect. Sand having a high silt content and thickening agent content may be suction filtered and dehydrated. Dehydration of silt, clay, and bentonite generally improves the filterability because the amount of sand is reduced by the above operation, but the water retention of particles,
It is appropriate to perform dehydration and forced dehydration so as to make a thin cake due to the formation of an interfacial film during drying and dehydration. It is efficient to use the reverse blow and the suction in the opposite direction together as described above. The Japanese Patent Application No. 4-7511
5 is suitable, and 33 in FIG. 2 is made of steel from a filter plate 34 that can be quickly opened and closed, an opening / closing hinge 42, a vibrator 17 or a tank tilting function 37. The slurry or the stabilized heavy liquid to be treated is placed in a tank with the lid 45 opened, and dehydrated from one of the two opposing surfaces by a vacuum suction device 38 in a conventional manner.
The liquor is added until cake formation, then suction is removed from two sides to remove residual water, and the dehydration rate is improved by arranging the filtration side in the dead zone in the tank. Reference numeral 41 denotes an opening / closing mechanism for the filtration surface and the tank side cover 36. By combining these dewatering facilities and processes, sand can easily reach a water content of 3-15%, and silt, bentonite, etc. can be easily up to 25-60% depending on the treatment amount and conditions with simple equipment. It is now possible to recycle mud water for excavation and treat soil without using a large-scale, expensive filter or centrifuge. Contaminated soil and sludge can be treated by adding a circulating water purifier to this equipment.

[0010]

[Example 2] An SGP tube (40A) was used to form a stir plate type fluidized bed with a slow stirring speed, and the same operation as in Example 1 was performed using a batch fluidized bed. Similarly, the efficiency is good with warm water and relatively poor with normal temperature water, but fine particles and organic matter can be separated, and the separation of mud is also good, and in all cases, sand with a mud content of 5% or less was obtained. Similar results were obtained with a continuous stirred multi-stage fluidized bed. (Comparative Example) An operation was carried out by putting agglomerate into a fluidized bed which was not stirred, but no fluidized bed was formed, and therefore, washing and classification effects were not obtained. Freezing of the fluidized bed was observed after agitation was stopped in the agitated fluidized bed with sludge containing a small amount of sand, and similarly, the washing and classification effects stopped. A water stream was sent after leaving it overnight without using a stirrer, but agglomerates and agglomerates were generated. In a multi-stage fluidized bed, the agglomerates were mixed with sand from the sand in the lower stage and discharged in the sand without local strong agitation function. It was

[0011]

[Embodiment 3] FIG. 3 shows an apparatus suitable for purifying contaminated earth and sand, excavating mud having a tendency to gel, and saving sludge for power saving, large-scale treatment, and production or recovery of earth building sand. The slurry or suspension is supplied from the distributor 1 to remove foreign matters, lumps of stones, etc. with the sieve 6, and then enters the fluidized bed separator 51 through the tank 3, the cyclone 5, and the control valve 60. The fluidized bed is formed by introducing diluted water from the upstream of the cyclone, filtered water, or water from the outside through the inlet port 48 and distributing it by a perforated plate, a slit plate or the like 49. The sediment particles come into countercurrent contact with water through the holes or slits of the distribution plate and descend to the lower stage while separating or purifying. The steps may be punched holes such as turbo grid type and Linde type. The step may be of a single or multiple inverted conical bottom type. The stirrer arm 52 is rotated relatively slowly by the drive unit 50, and the strong local stirrer 53 is at the lower position of the dispersion plate and breaks down the settling agglomerates. The crusher usually needs only a stage with a supply port. When the supply port is provided in the intermediate stage, it is natural to attach it below that stage. The overflow ports 54 and 55 can collect sand or silt having different particle sizes. The sand containing less silt is taken out from the take-out 56 by a known method. Upstream of the cyclone 5 is a fine particle suspension for separating the silt component by the slope sedimentation plate device 9 and taking it out from the outlet 25 for recycling, or it is treated by the above-mentioned method for fine particle separation or a known method. 57 is a settling device or a filtering device for circulation. FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of the stirring device portion. The scraping protrusion 61 can be omitted depending on the shape of the stirring arm 52.
FIG. 5 shows an apparatus suitable for treating dirt, sediment containing dirt, sludge, sludge, road gutter sludge, and the like. The vibrating screen 69 immersed in the fluidized bed or the fine particle suspension bed is used to screen out foreign matters, stone blocks, and debris, and the scraping device 67 separates them. 48 It is an inlet for fluidizing water. The fluidized bed is agitated by the agitating arm 52 provided with the carbon dioxide gas ejection hole 102 to prevent condensation. Feeding to the lower stage is performed by a rotating pipe valve 64 having a partial opening 64 from a downcomer pipe 63 provided at a lower portion of the distribution plate 49. 66 is a baffle for preventing short circuit of the fluidizing fluid, 7
0 is a stirring arm for crushing the deposit on the sieve. In the figure, the upper part is a suspension layer, but water can be sent from 69 and a fluidized bed can be formed by a distributor 68. The effluent from this 25 can be treated separately. Reference numeral 13 is a feed pump for silt or the like.

[0010]

[Embodiment 4] Sediment sludge of road gutter sewer, 20 g of 50 g
In a 0 ml beaker, 50 ml of warm water was added with stirring, normal stirring was performed at 35-80 ° C and 120 rpm, and decantation washing was repeated 3 times and allowed to cool. The odor disappeared and water extraction was performed, but the extracted water was colorless and had a COD of 20 ppm or less. The washing liquid was turbid, and fine particles, organic matter, and odor were transferred. In addition, an oil film was observed. The washing liquid became turbid by filtration with a filter paper, the oil film was removed, deodorization was performed by activated carbon treatment or aeration, and COD was also purified, and the washing liquid could be used for repeated washing. The same treatment was performed with water at room temperature. The number of washings required 2-10 times the amount of water depending on the degree of fouling compared with the case of warm water. Extraction of oil was difficult. FIG. 5 shows an example of a sludge treatment facility suitable for treating accumulated sludge in road gutters and sewers mixed with foreign matters. Crushing of sediment in water and sieving were successful at 2-3 mm or more. In some cases, coarse particles are also fine and often close to silt and clay, and it is difficult to dehydrate only by depositing, and a dehydrator corresponding to 45 in FIG. 2 was suitable. (Control Example) The odor did not disappear even when immersed in warm water for 5 minutes without stirring. Even if sludge was taken out from the vacuum car and placed on an ordinary lattice sorter or sieve, it was difficult to sort due to strings, wires, plastic film, rags, etc., and manual work was required for sorting.

[0012]

[Fifth Embodiment] FIG. 6 shows a modified rod 71, a drive mechanism 41, and an arm 72.
Is a rocking lattice. Sediment can be crushed by using water spray 73 together. FIG. 7 shows a processing apparatus using an oscillating lattice 71 and an oscillating sieve 69 placed in water, in a suspension bed, or in a fluidized bed.

[0013]

[Embodiment 6] FIG. 8 is a blockage prevention bypass hole 77 provided in the gate valve body 75, which is suitable for stable control because it can prevent fluctuations in the quality of the regenerating stabilizing solution due to a drastically changing slurry concentration and blockages due to the solidification of powder. FIG. FIG. 10 is a view of a blockage prevention bypass hole formed in a valve body of a damper or a valve suitable for controlling slurry and the like. In the conventional damper, powder particles are accumulated at the blind spots of the flow and aggregate, grow and collapse, and the large block blocks the narrow flow path. It is considered that the bypass prevents obstacles by processing the deposition part like a perforated plate and making it flow. The holes may be slits, gallery-like punching or the like. FIG. 11 is an AA cross section. The main flow path is in the center. FIG. 12 shows the shape of the bypass and the main flow path when the valve element that can be used in the cock or the like is viewed from the flow direction. FIG. 13 corresponds to the side cross section thereof and shows a situation in which deposition is prevented. The same goes for ball valves. In earth building cyclones, the sand content in mud water often fluctuates in the range of 0.4-40% as the process progresses. This has been difficult in the past. The valve according to the invention reduces valve replacement by scale. Manual or automatic adjustment is facilitated and construction quality is improved. In the cyclone according to the present invention, it was found that the main outlet of the valve does not have to coincide with the central axis of the cyclone, and the invention of such a control valve was achieved. Of course, it can also be used for other existing cyclones if it allows some performance degradation.

[0014]

[Example 7] If soil or the like is divided into 2-3 parts or more according to particle size, it is necessary to dehydrate a fine particle suspension such as a bentonite stabilizing solution or a clay suspension. However, since the absolute amount of solids to be treated is low, the efficiency can be improved by allowing some leakage and using a settling tank in combination if necessary. FIG. 14 shows a dehydrator which increases the dehydration rate by using two opposing filtration surfaces. The slurry enters the filter chamber through the inlet 1 and the suction system 3
Liquid is aspirated through the first filtration surface below 8 to form a cake. By applying vibration, the dehydration rate can be the same as in ordinary pressure filtration even in vacuum filtration. When the filtration speed is reduced, suction is performed from the upper second filtration surface to finish, and the door 36 is opened and the cake is discharged by reverse blow while vibrating. At this time, the slope is smooth when it is attached to the discharge side. Since the dehydration rate is better when the filtration surface is horizontal during filtration, the inclination during filtration may be different from that during discharge.
A cake load of 40-45% was easily obtained.

[0015]

[Embodiment 8] FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a filter material which can be used for filtration or dehydration and which is expandable at the time of pressure drop and compression molding. The unit line or plane 10 is parallel to the fluid flow and the compression direction is transverse to the flow to facilitate the detachment of the occluded particles. Reference numeral 80 is a partition plate that facilitates the alignment of the filter media. The vibrator assists filtration, contact and desorption. The water slurry is supplied from above the distributor 1, passes through the distribution plate 49, is filtered by the filter layer 10, passes through the thin suction chamber 82 whose space is held by the spacer 81, and enters the vacuum system from the outlet 35.
The opening of the filter medium can be adjusted by a control operation device such as a cylinder or a screw, and it is industrially possible to pass the fine particles. FIG. 16 is a plan view of FIG. In this case, a flat plate type is shown, but it may be a tank shape, a tower shape, a prism, a cylinder or the like.
The direction of compression may be the same as the fluid flow and these choices can be easily determined by testing. Pressurization can be automatically or manually operated by combining springs, cylinders, screws, racks and the like. As the filter material, various elastic materials such as linear, small piece, strip, plate, net and cloth can be used.
Inelastic paper pieces, textiles, if elastic materials are included,
It may include agricultural and forest products, leaves, plant material such as straw, and the like. The old tire, which is cut into a rod shape, can also be used as an elastic material. Slit yarn, slit plastic sheets, slit polystyrene trays, etc. may be waste. When used as a disposable filter medium or a microbial-treated carrier, the pressure device can also have an extrusion function. Although it was economically difficult to dispose and recycle the expanded polystyrene used for packaging foods and household electric appliances in this manner, it is made into a small stick-shaped or piece-shaped disposable material by slitting to become a disposable material.

[0016]

[Embodiment 9] FIG. 17 shows a liquid cyclone in which a mass produced pipe joint is used for the discharge portion throttle 85. A relatively thin one, for example, having an inner diameter of about 100 to 125 mm or less is suitable in terms of particle size separation ability and power consumption. However, the treatment of 30-100 m ³ / hour or more has a drawback that the number of cyclones increases and the cost becomes high. However, the use of the pipe joint simplifies and makes practical use easy. Of course, it can be used to throttle the cyclone inlet. FIG. 18 shows an example in which a joint is used in two stages for the lower throttle. Compared with the case where the diameter is reduced in one step, the diaphragm inclination becomes gentle, and a buffering portion that does not generate a centrifugal force acting on the particles outward and obliquely upward is provided to improve the separation efficiency. It was found that a cyclone with a small inner diameter can lengthen the body. This is because the rotational energy loss is small and the processing capacity does not decrease. Therefore, the body can be extended and slanted to function as a pipe. Moreover, the discharge hole of the valve 60 does not have to be aligned with the central axis of the cyclone, and a new type of non-blocking valve can be used. Welded joints are the most suitable joints, but screw joints can also be used, and it has been found that reduced diameter socket joints are preferable. In FIG. 17, the muddy water is inserted from 88 and the swinging movement is performed in the replaceable body portion. The long body portion is pushed to the vicinity of the wall by centrifugal force and is separated while descending and discharged from the valve 60 through the throttle portion. The water containing fine particles exits from the outlet 91 and enters the collecting pipe 92. Reference numeral 93 is an inlet side branch main pipe. FIG. 19 shows an example in which the cyclone body is used as a pipe for returning the residual silt to the next tank one step before, when the sedimentation tanks are used in series in the bentonite liquid treatment for civil engineering.

[0017]

Tenth Embodiment FIG. 20 shows a dehydrator suitable for sand. When the liquid is put into the device by a bucket or a slurry pump, the sand settles on the bottom of the tank and a water layer is formed on the sand. The side wall has a rough filtration surface and allows the fine particles to pass through, while discharging the water tank. This is because when the fine particles pass through the sand layer, they are repaired and the water drainage of the sand itself deteriorates, and the quality of the sand also deteriorates. The dehydration is completed in about 0.5-5 hours, and the door 36 is opened to lift the device 96.
Tilt the tank to discharge the sand. A suction filtration surface may be provided at the bottom to promote dehydration. The vibrator 17 optimizes the vibration frequency by changing the rotation speed with the inverter 100 and promotes vibration filtration. Even when ejected, it will be accelerated if vibration is applied.

[0018]

[Embodiment 11] FIG. 21 is a processing apparatus comprising a dehydrating sieve, a dehydrating tank and a sedimentation tank, and FIG. 22 is a side sectional view thereof. At the time of excavation, only the dehydrating sieve was used conventionally, but there were some that could not be dehydrated, and there was no simple solution, which resulted in high cost, which was a problem. In the present invention, by adding a dehydration tank to this, any soil excavation can be supported, and sand, silt, and clay are not dehydrated. When the dehydration screen and the dehydration tank cannot be arranged three-dimensionally, the pump of the silt tank 29 can be used for pumping. The cyclone 14 is used as needed.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY As described above, in the present invention, in the processing of heavy liquid for excavation of soil, contaminated earth and sand, sludge, etc., classification by particle size, crushing, and addition of shearing force efficiently in water, By separating water that has been phase-separated by allowing fine particle leakage in water separation filtration with a coarse filtration surface, using a liquid cyclone with a small diameter, using a dehydration tank, shifting the suction time of the filtration surface, etc. It has the advantage of facilitating filtration rate, fractionation, dehydration or purification easily and efficiently, and helps reduce environmental problems by reducing costs.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory cross-sectional view of a muddy water treatment device.

2 is a cross-sectional view of a dehydrator suitable for the device of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional explanatory view of a fluidized bed device.

FIG. 4 is a sketch of a stirrer arm, a dispersion plate, and a strong stirrer.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional explanatory view of a submersible vibrating screen and a fluidized bed separator.

FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional explanatory view of a combination of rocking grid disintegration for soil and sand disposal and a vibrating screen.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of the submerged sieve and fluidized bed or stirring tank, cyclone, and dehydration pit of FIG.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory view of a control valve body having cutouts and holes from a flow path.

9 is an explanatory view of a half-open state of FIG. 8.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory view of a damper plate.

11 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a pipe line corresponding to FIG.

FIG. 12 is a sketch of a valve body of a cock.

FIG. 13 is a vertical cross section of a cock and a ball valve.

FIG. 14 is a sectional view of a vacuum filtration plate.

FIG. 15 is a front sectional view of a filtering device using an elastic filter medium.

FIG. 16 is a plan sectional view of the same.

FIG. 17 is a front view of a cyclone.

FIG. 18 is a front view of a cyclone.

FIG. 19 is an explanatory view of a combination of a cyclone and a settling tank row.

FIG. 20 is a front view of the dehydration tank.

FIG. 21 is a front view of the dehydrator.

FIG. 22 is a side view of the dehydrator.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Muddy Water, Slurry Supply Port 2 Vibrating Screen 3 Tanks 4, 13 Pumps 5, 14 Cyclone 6 Dewatering Sieve Surface 69 Strainer 8 Float 9 Inclined Plate Sedimentation Device 10 Filtration or Strainer Surface 16, 23, 25 Liquid Outlet 17 Vibrators 31, 32 , 33 Dewatering device 51 Fluidized bed processing device 52 Stirring arm 53 Small stirrer 67 Rotating valve 71 Swinging crushing grid 77 Bypass hole of valve body 102 Carbon dioxide gas inlet

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁵ Identification code Office reference number FI technical display location E03F 5/14 7005-2D

Claims (21)

[Claims] 1. When treating muddy water, muddy matter, or earth and sand, the mist is supplied together with water to a liquid cyclone by a pump, and the liquid cyclone is divided into two stages or a relatively fine particle is obtained by a separation device selected from a sedimentation tank and a fluidized bed. Alternatively, a fluid portion containing a dissolved component and two portions having different particle size distributions containing a relatively coarse particle component are separated into a total of three or more portions, and a separated liquid containing relatively fine particles and a portion containing relatively coarse particles are separated. A method for treating muddy water or sediment containing substances that are used or dehydrated separately. 2. When treating muddy water, mud matter or earth and sand, the muddy water is supplied to a separation fluidized bed equipped with a stirring mechanism and fluidized by circulating water to contain relatively fine particles and relatively coarse particles. A method for treating muddy water or sediment containing substances that are used or dehydrated separately after separating into two or more parts. 3. Mud water is bentonite or mud particle suspension used for ground excavation, and is separated into three or more parts of a liquid containing fine particles and a part containing coarse particles, and the liquid is reused for excavation or dehydrated. The method for treating muddy water or sediment containing matter according to claim 1 or 2. 4. The method for treating muddy water or sediment containing matter according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the muddy material is sludge containing bentonite suspension or muddy particle suspension used for ground excavation. 5. The method for treating muddy water or sediment containing matter according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the muddy water, mud-like matter or sediment is soil soil contaminated with dredged mud or harmful substances. 6. The fluidizing liquid is one or a combination selected from fresh water, seawater, and suspended water of mud, and a vibrating sieve is installed in a settling tank or so as to be immersed in an aqueous fluidized bed to separate coarse particles. The method for treating muddy water or earth and sand inclusions according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sludge is removed and fractionated according to the particle size into three or more fractions while applying a shearing force to the bottom of the sieve with a liquid cyclone or a stirred fluidized bed. 7. A relatively slow stirrer provided in the fluidized bed and a stirring device or pump provided at a low position in the fluidized bed or adjacent to the fluidized bed to impart a strong shearing force or crushing force to the fluidized solid particles in the fluidized bed system. The fluidized bed apparatus according to claim 1, which comprises an apparatus. 8. The method for treating mud water or earth and sand inclusions according to claim 1, wherein washing with circulating water containing suspended particles or circulating water purified of dissolved components is carried out. 9. A relatively coarse particle portion is subjected to an aqueous fluidized bed classifier containing suspended particles or dissolved components to separate fine particles, and then treated with a fluidized bed using relatively clean water as a fluidizing liquid to recover earth and sand. The method and apparatus for treating muddy water or sediment containing substances according to claim 6 or 7. 10. The method for treating muddy water or earth and sand inclusions according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an inclined parallel plate sedimentation device is used in the water storage, mud storage facility or muddy water tank while limiting the retention time of the upper layer suspension water. . 11. A device for separating particles, wherein an inclined parallel plate sedimentation device or water discharge means is floated by a float above the upper surface of the sediment in a sedimentation basin or tank. 12. In a slurry or powder valve or damper device, a single hole having a small hole diameter and capable of passing slurry particles or powder particles in a blind hole portion of a main body and a valve body or damper plate where a flow rate is large when a passage is throttled. Or a valve or damper device with multiple holes, slits or notches. 13. A crushing / separating device in which a plurality of rods or atypical grooves are arranged substantially in parallel to each other with a gap between them, and each unit rotates or swings as a whole,
While crushing in the presence of water, relatively coarse particles and fine particles are separated,
The muddy water according to claim 1, wherein relatively fine particles are supplied to a settling tank for separation or a fluidized bed for separation, and the separated sediment components are separately treated by sedimentation, hydrocyclone classification, dehydration or washing treatment. Sediment inclusion treatment method. 14. Muddy water, water-containing mud or earth and sand are put into a dehydration facility consisting of a vibrating device, a side wall filtering surface, and an inclined discharging device for tank contents, and the water is separated while vibrating and the separated water is discharged by a filter medium. Then, the dewatering method of muddy water or sediment that tilts the tank and discharges the dehydrated product. 15. When dewatering mud or earth and sand, it is separated into two or more parts of relatively fine particles and coarse particles, and the separated ones are supplied to a dehydrator having opposed paired filtration surfaces, and opposed. A filtration dehydration method in which two filtration surfaces are used, which are temporally out of phase to form a cake on the first filtration surface and then suction from the opposite surface. 16. A filtration or contact treatment apparatus comprising a surface or a three-dimensional packing layer in which a filter material or a packing material has elasticity or resilience and a line, piece or surface material is accumulated, and a pressurizing and depressurizing function. 17. The filtration or contact treatment apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the material is selected from elastic wires such as stainless steel wire, plastic wire, sheet processed product or waste, or materials containing elastic material. 18. A hydrocyclone device in which the lower constriction portion of the hydrocyclone body is a steel irregular joint. 19. The method for treating mud or earth and sand inclusions according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the liquid cyclone body is long and upright or inclined to return the lower outlet flow to the supply tank or to another tank or section adjacent thereto. 20. Specific gravity is measured while flowing the effluent at the upper outlet of a liquid cyclone for adjusting the mud heavy liquid used for excavation into a sedimentation prevention type specific gravity measuring container that increases the flow velocity at the bottom of the container, and the specific gravity is excluded. The method for treating muddy water or sediment containing matter according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the muddy water or sediment containing matter is sent to the tank or the compartment. 21. A device for treating mud water or sediment containing a sedimentation tank, a strainer, a filtration dehydration tank with a sediment discharge device, a dehydration sieve having a function of switching the sieve to the dehydration tank, a plurality of liquid cyclones, and a pump. .