JPH06113515A - Permanent magnet rotor single-phase excitation motor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a motor which can be driven over a wide range even with a driving force produced through slight excitation of coil. CONSTITUTION:The permanent magnet rotor single-phase excitation motor comprises a stator 12 having first and second main poles arranged through a gap, a field coil 11 wound around the stator, a permanent magnet rotor 13 supported to be rotatable freely in the gap, and an auxiliary pole 16 producing detent torque in the direction for offsetting detent torque produced from the stator and functioning on the permanent magnet rotor. Current is fed appropriately from a power supply 14 through a switch 15 to the field coil 11 in order to rotate the permanent magnet clockwise or counterclockwise in the gap. In this regard, detent torque produced from the auxiliary pole and functioning on the permanent magnet rotor is set lower than the detent torque produced from the main pole and functioning on the permanent magnet rotor.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a permanent magnet rotor type one-phase excitation motor in which a permanent magnet is used for a rotor.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as shown in FIG. 8, for example, a motor of this type has a gap between the main magnetic pole 82 and a two-pole main magnetic pole 82 excited in one direction by a one-phase field coil 81. The two-pole magnetized permanent magnet rotor 83 provided in the above-mentioned magnets generate repulsive force and attractive force by mutual magnetic force. This force causes the permanent magnet rotor 83 to move to a detent torque (when the permanent magnet rotor 3 tries to stay in a stable position,
The rotating force acts, for example, to rotate in the forward direction indicated by arrow R. Further, the permanent magnet rotor 83 is rotated in the reverse direction by the detent torque.

However, in the motor shown in FIG. 8, a very large detent torque is generated and the detent torque acts as a driving force in the reverse rotation direction, so that it has the following drawbacks. (1) In order to rotate the permanent magnet rotor 3 in the normal direction while checking the detent torque, a driving force due to coil excitation larger than the detent torque is required. (2) When the magnetic force of the permanent magnet rotor 3 is reduced to reduce the detent torque, the driving force due to the coil excitation is also reduced. (3) In order to increase the driving force due to coil excitation, it is necessary to increase the magnetomotive force of the field coil, which increases power consumption. The size and weight of the motor will increase. (4) The detent torque cannot be set freely and the characteristics vary greatly, as compared with the case where another member such as a spring is used as a driving force in the reverse direction or as an auxiliary thereof.

Therefore, it has been proposed to eliminate these drawbacks in Japanese Patent Application Nos. 3-142732 and 3-2.
It is a permanent magnet rotor type one-phase excitation motor according to -142733, the configuration of which is shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, respectively. These generate a detent torque that cancels the detent torque of the main magnetic pole 92 between the main magnetic poles 92.

The permanent magnet rotor 93 is rotated by the magnetic force generated by the exciting coil 91 wound around the main magnetic pole 92. The exciting coil 91 is supplied with a current from the power supply 94 via the switch 95 and generates a magnetic force.

[0006]

The inventions according to the above-mentioned two applications can eliminate the conventional drawbacks, but in order to utilize the detent torque for the driving force for the reverse rotation, the detent torque is set to an appropriate value. Means to make it configurable, ie
It has been found that the drivable range is widened by making the detent torque due to the auxiliary pole smaller than the detent torque of the main pole.

Based on the above findings, it is an object of the present invention to provide a motor which can be driven in a wide range even with a slight driving force by exciting a coil in one direction, and which is suitable for reduction in size and weight and power consumption. .

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A permanent magnet rotor type one-phase excitation motor of the present invention comprises a stator having first and second main magnetic poles sandwiching a gap, and a field coil wound around the stator. A permanent magnet rotor supported so as to freely rotate in the gap, a commutator pole that applies detent torque in a direction that cancels the detent torque that the stator acts on the permanent magnet rotor, and a field coil. A permanent magnet rotor type one-phase excitation motor comprising a controller for appropriately flowing a current in one direction to rotate the permanent magnet in the gap clockwise or counterclockwise, wherein the auxiliary pole is the permanent magnet rotation. The detent torque acting on the child is smaller than the detent torque acting on the permanent magnet rotor by the main magnetic pole.

Also, preferably, the first and second stators are provided.
Main magnetic poles of the permanent magnet rotor are opposed to each other with a predetermined space between them so as to sandwich the permanent magnet rotor,
The supplementary pole is arranged so as to face the permanent magnet rotor with a space similar to that of the main magnetic pole at a position displaced by 90 degrees with respect to the rotation direction of the permanent magnet rotor. The facing area of the main magnetic pole and the permanent magnet rotor is smaller than the facing area of the main magnetic pole or the auxiliary pole with respect to the rotating direction of the permanent magnet rotor.
It is arranged so as to face the permanent magnet rotor with a space similar to that of the main pole at a position displaced by an angle smaller than a degree.

More preferably, the first and second main magnetic poles of the stator face the permanent magnet rotor with a predetermined facing area so as to sandwich the permanent magnet rotor.
The commutating pole is arranged so as to face the permanent magnet rotor at a position displaced by 90 degrees with respect to the rotation direction of the permanent magnet rotor, with the same facing area as the main magnetic pole. The space between the child and the main magnetic pole is larger than the space between the main magnetic pole and the permanent magnet rotor. Alternatively, the auxiliary pole is integrated with the main pole.

[0011]

[Function] Since the detent torque exerted on the permanent magnet rotor by the commutating pole is smaller than the detent torque exerted on the permanent magnet rotor by the main magnetic pole, even if the excitation exerted from the field coil via the stator is small, The permanent magnet rotor can be driven in a wide angle range.

[0012]

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a first embodiment of a liquid magnet rotor type one-phase excitation motor of the present invention, FIG. 2, FIG. 3, and FIG.
3 is a graph showing the operation of the embodiment of FIG.

This embodiment is an improvement of the motor of the prior application shown in FIG. Reference numeral 11 is a one-phase field coil serving as a drive source in the forward direction, 12 is a two-pole main magnetic pole made of an iron core made of a ferromagnetic material around which the field coil 11 is wound, and 13 is a gap between two main magnetic poles. Is a permanent magnet rotor that is provided in the section and is magnetized in two poles. Further, 14 is a one-phase field coil 1
A power supply applied to excite 1 in one direction, 15 is a switch for turning the power supply on and off to rotate the permanent magnet rotor 13 in the forward or reverse direction, and 16 is a position shifted by 90 ° with respect to the main magnetic pole 12. It is a two-pole supplementary pole composed of an iron core made of a ferromagnetic material with a gap facing area smaller than the flap facing area of the main pole.

In the above structure, the magnetomotive force of the field coil 11 excited by the power supply 14 is supplied to the gap portion through the magnetic path of the main magnetic pole 12 and is repelled or attracted by the magnetic force of the permanent magnet rotor 13. A force is generated to drive the permanent magnet rotor 13 in the normal direction. At this time, since the permanent magnet rotor 13 has a detent torque between the permanent magnet rotor 13 and the main magnetic pole 12, the permanent magnet rotor 13 tries to prevent forward rotation of the permanent magnet rotor 13 within a certain range. On the other hand, the polarity of the detent torque generated between the permanent magnet rotor 13 and the commutating pole 16 is the opposite of the detent torque, and acts in a direction to cancel the detent torque. In other words, the detent torque caused by the main pole 12 can be freely controlled by the compensation pole 16, that is, the balance between the forward driving force due to the coil excitation and the reverse driving force due to the detent torque can be freely set. In the present embodiment, the gap facing area of the commutating pole 16 is made smaller than the gap facing area of the main magnetic pole 12 to adjust the detent torque canceling component by the commutating pole 16.

Next, the relationship between the above torques will be described with reference to FIG.
It will be described with reference to FIGS. Referring to FIG. 2, the torque characteristic generated by the main magnetic pole is shown corresponding to the change in the rotation angle. Further, in this case, the counterclockwise torque is positive. 21 is a driving force torque due to coil excitation, 22 is a detent torque, 23 is a combined torque α ° of the driving torque 21 and the detent torque 22, which indicates a range in which the driving torque 21 overcomes the detent torque 22 and the rotor 13 can rotate. As can be seen from α ° in FIG. 2, in this case, the range that can be rotated by the magnetomotive force of the field coil 11 is extremely small, and this is similar to the characteristic of the conventional example.

FIG. 3 shows the torque characteristic generated by the commutating pole 16 similarly to FIG. Reference numeral 32 denotes a detent torque, which has an opposite polarity because the phase is advanced by 90 ° at a level about half that of the detent torque 22 of FIG.

FIG. 4 is a torque diagram by the main magnetic pole of FIG. 2 and FIG.
It shows a combination of the torques due to the commutating poles. 41
Represents a drive torque due to coil excitation, 42 represents a detent torque, and 43 represents a combined torque of the drive torque 41 and the detent torque 42. The detent torque 32 of the main pole is canceled by about half by the detent torque 32 of the commutating pole 16, so that the rotatable range of the rotor 13 is expanded to β ° and nearly twice the α °. As described above, the detent torque is controlled by the commutating pole 16 and the rotor 13 can be rotated with a slight driving torque. The rotor 13 is normally or reversely rotated by the field coil 11 which is supplied with power from the power supply 14 which is turned OFF by the switch 15 of FIG. 1 and the detent torque controlled by the commutating pole 16.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention, which is an improvement of the motor of the prior application shown in FIG. The difference from the embodiment of FIG. 1 is that the main pole 12 and the auxiliary pole 16 are not separate bodies as in FIG. 1, and the auxiliary pole 26 is integrated with the main pole 22 and extends from the main pole 22. Is formed. Therefore, compared with the embodiment of FIG. 1, there are advantages such as an increase in drive torque due to coil excitation and cost advantages due to integration, ease of incorporation, and space advantages.

As means for adjusting the detent torque, in addition to the means shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, a method in which the space between the main magnetic pole or the auxiliary pole and the permanent magnet rotor is made different as shown in FIG. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 7, there is a method of shifting the relative angle between the main pole and the auxiliary pole from 90 °, or a combination of these methods.

[0020]

As described above, according to the present invention, the detent torque exerted on the permanent magnet rotor by the auxiliary pole is made smaller than that of the main pole to a desired value, so that the field coil is slightly excited. It is possible to drive in a wide range of driving force, and it is possible to make a permanent magnet rotor type one-phase excitation motor suitable for downsizing, weight reduction, and low power consumption. In addition, since it is possible to suppress variations in detent torque, effects such as stable quality and improved mass production can be expected.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the operation of the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the operation of the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the operation of the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram showing a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram showing a conventional example.

FIG. 9 is a configuration diagram showing an example of a prior application.

FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram showing an example of a prior application.

[Explanation of symbols]

 11, 21, 61, 71 field coil 12, 22, 62, 72 stator 13, 23, 63, 73 permanent magnet rotor 14, 24, 64, 74 power supply 15, 25, 65, 75 switch 16, 26, 66,76 Interpolation

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A stator having first and second main magnetic poles sandwiching a gap, a field coil wound around the stator, and a permanent magnet rotation supported so as to freely rotate in the gap. An appropriate current is made to flow through the child, the compensating pole that acts the detent torque in the direction that cancels the detent torque that the stator acts on the permanent magnet rotor, and the field coil. In a permanent magnet rotor type one-phase excitation motor provided with a control unit for rotating in a clockwise direction, the detent torque applied to the permanent magnet rotor by the auxiliary pole is applied to the permanent magnet rotor by the main magnetic pole. A permanent magnet rotor type one-phase excitation motor characterized by being smaller than the detent torque. 2. The first and second main magnetic poles of the stator face each other with a predetermined space between the permanent magnet rotor and the permanent magnet rotor so as to sandwich the permanent magnet rotor, and the auxiliary pole is a permanent magnet. The permanent magnet rotor is arranged so as to face the permanent magnet rotor at a position displaced by 90 degrees with respect to the rotation direction of the rotor with a space similar to that of the main magnetic pole, and the facing area between the supplementary pole and the permanent magnet rotor is 2. The permanent magnet rotor type one-phase excitation motor according to claim 1, wherein the area is smaller than the facing area between the main pole and the permanent magnet rotor. 3. The auxiliary pole is arranged so as to face the permanent magnet rotor with a space similar to that of the main magnetic pole at a position offset by an angle smaller than 90 degrees with respect to the rotation direction of the permanent magnet rotor. 2. The permanent magnet rotor type one-phase excitation motor described in 2. 4. The first and second main magnetic poles of the stator face each other with a predetermined facing area between the permanent magnet rotor and the permanent magnet rotor so as to sandwich the permanent magnet rotor. The permanent magnet rotor is arranged to face the permanent magnet rotor at a position offset by 90 degrees with respect to the rotation direction of the magnet rotor, with the same facing area as the main magnetic pole, but between the supplementary pole and the permanent magnet rotor. The permanent magnet rotor type one-phase excitation motor according to claim 1, wherein the space is smaller than the space between the main pole and the permanent magnet rotor. 5. The permanent magnet rotor type one-phase excitation motor according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary pole is integrated with the main magnetic pole.