JPH06104207B2 - Grinding device that can be adjusted in size - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention mainly relates to a crusher for crushing used waste synthetic resin.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Waste synthetic resins, especially containers and the like, have an extremely large volume because they have an air chamber inside. The waste in this state can be crushed to a very small volume. Further, the waste synthetic resin can be effectively reused by pulverizing it. Various devices have been developed as a mechanism for crushing waste such as synthetic resin.

For example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 3-45105 discloses a device for crushing waste synthetic resin and sending it by pressure. This device was previously developed by the present inventor, and has a spline-shaped cutter shaft provided in parallel with the screw shaft. The tip of the ridge of the cutter shaft serves as the cutting edge, which is brought close to the outer circumference of the fin of the screw shaft. In this device, the supplied waste synthetic resin is cut by the fins of the screw shaft and the ridge tips of the cutter shaft by rotating the screw shaft and the cutter shaft in opposite directions.

Further, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 56-135384 discloses a device for crushing and dismantling a scrapped ship. This device is designed so that a disused ship is placed on an inclined rail and pressed toward a crusher. The crusher has a large number of crushing claws fixed to an endless belt, and moves the crushing claws from top to bottom to crush the pressed waste ship.

[0005]

The device for crushing the supplied material by the screw shaft and the cutter shaft cannot crush the supplied waste synthetic resin or the like into a certain size.
It is impossible to eliminate the mixture of large or long crushed particles. For example, when the string-shaped waste synthetic resin is crushed by this crushing device, it is not possible to cut all of them into short pieces, and some of them are long. This is because the string-shaped waste synthetic resin may pass between the spiral fins of the screw shaft and may not be cut short by the cutter shaft.

Further, the crushing device in which a large number of cutting claws are fixed to the endless belt can only crush the material that can press the feed against the cutting claws. Therefore, there is a drawback that waste synthetic resin such as a flexible sheet cannot be crushed. Moreover, since it is scraped by a cutting claw and crushed, it cannot be crushed into a certain length. If the cutting claw stretches the feed, it cannot be cut short.

When a small, uncrushed material is mixed in a part of the ground material, the whole becomes bulky and has a large volume. Further, in the subsequent treatment, it is ideal to pulverize it into a certain size. For example, when a pulverized product is heated to reduce its volume or is melted and molded into pellets, a large pulverized product takes a long time to melt. For this reason, the pulverized product having a non-uniform size has a drawback that it cannot be melted uniformly and quickly. Further, when the crushed product is transferred to the next step, the crushed product having a uniform size can be easily and efficiently transferred by a conveyer or the like. is there.

The present invention was developed for the purpose of solving these drawbacks of the conventional crushing apparatus. An important object of the present invention is to prevent a large crushed material from being mixed with the crushed material. It is an object of the present invention to provide a crushing device which can prevent and crush the feed into small pieces.

[0009]

The crushing apparatus of the present invention comprises:
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the following configurations are provided. (A) The crushing device comprises a plurality of cutter shafts (1) for crushing the feed into small pieces, a driving means (2) for rotationally driving the cutter shafts (1), and a casing (3 containing the cutter shafts (1). ) And. (B) The plurality of cutter shafts (1) are arranged parallel to each other so that the feed can be crushed at the boundaries. (C) For the cutter shaft (1), to crush the feed,
It has a cutter blade (4) on the outer circumference. (D) The cutter shaft (1) is mounted vertically so that the feed can be crushed while transferring the feed downward. (E) The casing (3) is provided on the side surface of the cutter shaft (1) at the boundary between the adjacent cutter shafts (1) and has a supply port (5), and the supply port (5) has a hopper. (6) is linked. (F) A feed passage gap (15) is provided between the inner surface of the casing (3) and the cutter shaft so that the feed passes therethrough and is crushed repeatedly. (G) On the bottom surface of the casing (3), a mesh that allows the crushed material that has been crushed to a predetermined size or smaller to pass through and the crushed feed only to pass through to crush the large crushed material many times repeatedly The material (10) is fixed.

[0010]

The crushing apparatus of the present invention crushes the feed in the following conditions. A supply of waste synthetic resin or the like is put into the hopper 6. This supply is fed into the casing 3 through the supply port 5. The feed in the casing 3 is cut between the cutter shafts 1 and dropped downward. Since the net material 10 is fixed to the lower end of the casing 3, the pulverized material crushed to a size capable of passing through the net material 10 passes through the net material 10 and is discharged to the outside of the casing 3. The crushed material of a size that cannot pass through the net material 10 is the net material 1
Accumulate above 0. The crushed material is transferred to the supply port side of the cutter shaft 1 through the outer periphery of the cutter shaft 1 and the passage gap 15 inside the casing. The crushed material transferred here is sent again between the cutter shafts 1 and crushed. What is crushed into small pieces after passing between the cutter shafts 1 passes through the net material 10, and large crushed substances that cannot pass through this pass between the passing gap 15 and the cutter shaft 1 many times, When it is crushed into smaller pieces and has a size that allows it to pass through the mesh material 10, it is discharged to the outside of the casing 3.

[0011]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, the following examples show a crushing device for embodying the technical idea of the present invention,
The crushing device of the present invention is made up of materials, shapes, structures, and
The arrangement is not specific to the structure below. The crushing device of the present invention can be modified in various ways within the scope of the claims.

Further, in this specification, for easier understanding of the claims, the numbers corresponding to the members shown in the embodiments are referred to as "claims" and "means for solving the problems". It is added to the members shown in "Column". However, the members shown in the claims are not limited to the members of the embodiment. Further, the crushing device of the present invention,
The material to be crushed is not specified as a synthetic resin. For example, it is possible to crush paper, metal, wood, or the like.

The crushing apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 includes two cutter shafts 1 for cutting by sandwiching a waste synthetic resin as a feed, a casing 3 containing the cutter shafts 1, and two cutter shafts 1. It is provided with a drive means 2 for rotating the motor and a control means 14 for the drive means 2.

The two cutter shafts 1 are arranged in parallel with each other so that the feed can be sandwiched between them for cutting. A plurality of cutter blades 4 are fixed to the cutter shaft 1 at regular intervals. As shown in FIG. 5, the cutter blade 4 is provided with a cutting blade 4 </ b> A protruding radially from the outer circumference so that the waste synthetic resin is sandwiched by the rotation of the cutter blade 4.

Furthermore, the cutting blades are provided on both sides so that the waste synthetic resin can be cut even if the cutter shaft is rotated in the forward or reverse direction.
The forward rotation blade 4F and the reverse rotation blade 4B are provided. In the cutter blade shown in FIG. 5, the forward rotation blade 4F and the reverse rotation blade 4B are inclined by an angle α with respect to the radial direction. The angle α is 0-4
The angle is adjusted to 5 degrees, preferably 2 to 30 degrees. As described above, the forward blade 4F, the reverse blade 4B, and the cutter blade 4 that is inclined with respect to the radial direction have a feature that they can be clipped without slipping in the state in which the waste synthetic resin is drawn.

The cutter blade 4 is provided with a cutting blade that radially projects the entire shape without projecting the cutting blade 4A on the outer periphery of the disk, and has a forward rotating blade and a reverse rotating blade on both surfaces thereof. You can also

In the crushing device shown in FIG. 2, two cutter shafts 1 are fixed with cutter blades 4 having the same thickness. The crushing device rotatably supports the cutter shafts 1 so that the cutter blades 4 of the adjacent cutter shafts 1 can be inserted into the gaps. In this device, the gap between the cutter blades 4 fixed to the cutter shaft 1 is equal to the thickness of the cutter blades 4, more precisely, between 0.05 and the upper and lower cutter blades 4.
The gap of the cutter blade 4 is designed to be slightly wider than the thickness of the cutter blade 4 so that a clearance of 0.3 mm can be obtained.

In order to adjust the distance between the cutter blades 4, a cylindrical spacer 12 is attached to the cutter shaft 1 to form the cutter blades 4.
Have been inserted between. The spacer 12 has a square hole penetrating its center so that it can be inserted into the prismatic cutter shaft 1, and its outer periphery is processed into a circular shape. According to this structure, the spacing between the cutter blades 4 can be accurately adjusted by inserting the cutter blades 4 into the shaft with the spacer 12 interposed therebetween.

The cutter shaft 1 is vertically installed inside the casing 3 so that the supply can be pressed against the side surface, and its upper end and lower end are connected to the casing 3 via bearings 9.

The casing 3 has a vertical cylindrical shape surrounding the two cutter shafts 1. At the lower end of the casing 3, a net material 10 for passing the waste synthetic resin that has been crushed and has become smaller than a predetermined size is fixed. The net material 10 determines the size of the crushed material to be crushed and discharged. The mesh material 10 having a small mesh reduces the size of the pulverized product discharged. Net material 10
The mesh size is adjusted to an optimum value in consideration of the size of the pulverized material required and the throughput per unit time. Usually, mesh material 1
0 mesh has one side or inner diameter of 3 mm to 100 mm,
It is preferably designed in the range of 10 mm to 50 mm. If the mesh of the mesh material 10 is too large, large particles are mixed with the discharged pulverized material. If it is too small, the amount discharged per hour will be small.

The mesh 10 is preferably attached to the bottom of the casing so that it can be replaced. The crushing device capable of exchanging the net material 10 can change the size of the mesh to adjust the size of the discharged pulverized material. In the crushing device shown in FIG. 4, the net material 10 is horizontally fixed to the entire bottom surface of the casing. In this way, with the net material 10 stretched over the entire bottom surface, the crushing device crushed by rotating the cutter shaft 1 in the forward and reverse directions can be efficiently discharged.

A passing gap 15 is provided between the cutter shaft 1 and the inner surface of the casing 3 so that the crushed material can pass therethrough.
Is provided. The passing gap 15 allows the crushed material that cannot pass through the net material 10 to pass through between the cutter shafts 1. The passing gap 15 transfers the crushed material that has passed through the cutter shaft 1 to the supply side of the cutter shaft 1. The pulverized material transferred in the passage gap 15 circulates between the passage gap 15 and the cutter shaft 1 and is crushed many times by the cutter shaft 1. Passing gap 15
The interval of is designed to be an optimum value in consideration of the size of the crushed material. However, since the passage gap 15 allows the crushed material that cannot pass through the net material 10, the net material 10
Designed to be larger than the mesh.

Furthermore, the casing 3 has a side surface of the cutter shaft 1 and a supply port 5 for opening the boundary between the adjacent cutter shafts 1 and feeding the waste synthetic resin. A hopper 6 is connected to the supply port 5.

The bottom surface of the hopper 6 is inclined downwardly toward the supply port 5 so that the supplied material is dropped by its own weight and pressed by the cutter shaft 1. The inclination angle β of the bottom surface of the hopper 6 is usually designed in the range of 5 to 50 degrees, preferably 5 to 40 degrees.

Further, in the crushing device shown in the figure, a scraping arm 11 is provided between the cutter shafts 1. Scraping arm 11
Removes the waste synthetic resin from winding around the cutter shaft 1. As shown in FIG. 3, the scraping arm 11 is horizontally fixed from the inner surface of the casing 3 toward the center of the cutter shaft 1. The tip of the scraping arm 11 is close to the outer peripheral surface of the spacer 12 inserted into the cutter shaft 1. The scraping arm 11 is arranged close to the lower surface and the upper surface of the cutter blade 4, and scrap synthetic resin wound between the cutter blades 4 can be scraped and removed.

The two cutter shafts 1 are rotated in opposite directions by the driving means 2 so that the waste synthetic resin can be sandwiched between the cutting blades 4A. The drive means 2 includes two geared motors and a synchronous gear 8. A synchronous gear 8 is fixed to the upper end of the cutter shaft 1. By engaging the synchronous gear 8 with each other, the two cutter shafts 1
Are rotated in opposite directions. The output shaft of the geared motor 7 is connected to the synchronous gear 8 via a gear.
The two geared motors 7 rotate in opposite directions. The rotation speed of the cutter shaft 1 is preferably 10 to 2
It is set in the range of 00 RPM.

The control means 14 detects the rotational torque of the cutter shaft, controls the drive means 2, and changes the direction in which the drive means 2 rotates the cutter shaft 1. The control means 14
The torque sensor 13 and the timer 16 are provided.

As the torque sensor 13, any sensor that can directly or indirectly detect the rotational torque of the cutter shaft 1 can be used. As the torque sensor 13, a current sensor that measures the current of the motor 7 that is the driving means can be used. The electric current of the motor increases as the rotational torque of the cutter shaft increases. Therefore, it is possible to detect the rotational torque of the cutter shaft 1 by measuring the current passed through the motor with the current sensor. The torque sensor 13 of this structure is
Since it can be used by connecting it in the middle of the electric wire of the motor, it has the feature that it can be easily installed.

When the current sensor, which is the torque sensor 13, detects a current equal to or greater than the set value, the control means 14 controls the driving means 2 to reverse the motor 7. Motor 7
The reverse rotation time of is stored in the timer 16. In order to perform this operation, the timer 16 starts counting when the cutter shaft 1 starts reverse rotation. When the timer 16 times out, the control means 14 controls the drive means 2 to rotate the motor 7 in the normal direction. In this way, the control means 14 for normally rotating the cutter shaft 1 which rotates in the reverse direction after a predetermined time has elapsed
Causes the cutter shaft 1 to be temporarily reversed when the cutter shaft 1 is overloaded.

The rotation direction of the cutter shaft can be switched only by the torque sensor 13 without using a timer. In this case, when the torque sensor detects that the rotation torque of the cutter shaft is equal to or greater than the set value, the cutter shaft rotating in the normal direction is rotated in the reverse direction, and the cutter shaft rotating in the reverse direction is rotated in the normal direction. That is, the cutter shaft rotating in the normal or reverse direction switches the rotation direction in the reverse direction when the rotational torque exceeds a certain level. This control means does not change the rotation direction until the cutter shaft has a predetermined rotational torque or more.

As described above, the crushing device that rotates the cutter shaft 1 in the forward and reverse directions has a feature that the feed can be crushed on both sides of the cutter shaft 1, that is, both the supply port side and the back side thereof.

In the crushing apparatus shown in the figure, a plurality of disk-shaped cutter blades are attached to the cutter shaft, and the adjacent cutter blades are laminated to crush the feed. The cutter shaft with this structure has the feature that it can crush the feed most efficiently. However, the structure of the cutter shaft of the present invention is not specified to this shape. For the cutter shaft, for example, a shaft having a spiral fin on the surface and a spline shaft may be used in combination. In this case, the ridge of the spline-shaped shaft is used as a cutting blade, and a forward rotation blade and a reverse rotation blade are provided on both sides of the cutting blade, and the outer peripheral tip edge of the cutting blade is brought into contact with or close to the outer periphery of the spiral fin. The feed can be pinched and cut.

Further, in the crushing device shown in the figure, two cutter shafts 1 are arranged vertically to crush the feed, but the device of the present invention does not specify two cutter shafts. Absent. It is also possible to use three or more cutter shafts.
The crushing device having three or more cutter shafts has a supply port opened at a side portion of a casing and a hopper connected thereto so that a supply can be supplied between the cutter shafts.

Further, in the crushing device shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the cutter shaft 1 is arranged in a vertical posture. However, in the crushing apparatus of the present invention, the cutter shaft can be set in a substantially vertical posture, for example, an angle of 45 degrees or more and less than 90 degrees with respect to the horizontal plane. In this case, the supply port opens on the upper surface of the casing.

Furthermore, it goes without saying that the crushing device of the present invention can be used as a device alone of the crusher, and can be used as a structure integrated with other devices, for example.

[0036]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION The crushing apparatus of the present invention which can be made uniform in size can prevent small crushed materials from being mixed. That is, the supplied waste synthetic resin or the like can be crushed in a uniform size. This feature is realized by a unique structure in which the cutter shaft is vertically arranged in the casing, a net material is stretched on the bottom of the casing, and a passage gap is provided between the cutter shaft and the casing. . The equipment of this structure is such that the supplied waste synthetic resin is
Until it can pass through the net material, it passes through the gaps between the cutter shafts and the passing gaps many times and is crushed into small pieces. When it is smaller than the mesh of the net material, it can be discharged to the outside of the casing. Therefore, the crushed product can be adjusted to be smaller than the mesh of the mesh material. Therefore,
In the pulverized product having this structure, the size of the pulverized product can be optimally controlled by the mesh of the net material. Furthermore,
The crushed product of the present invention also has a feature that the total length can be shortened even though the cutter shaft crushes the supplied product many times. The reason is that the crushed material can be crushed many times to reduce the size by circulating the crushed material between the cutter shafts and between the passing gaps.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a crushing device showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partially sectional front view of a crushing device showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional side view of a crushing device showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a horizontal sectional view of a crushing device showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a plan view showing an example of a cutter blade.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Cutter shaft 2 ... Driving means 3 ... Casing 4 ... Cutter blade 4A ... Cutting blade 4F ...
Forward blade 4B ... Reverse blade 5 ...
Supply port 6 ... Hopper 7 ... Motor 8 ... Synchronous gear 9 ... Bearing 10 ... Net material 11 ...
Scraping arm 12 ... Spacer 13 ...
Torque sensor 14 ... Control means 15 ...
Passage gap 16 ... Timer

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Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A pulverizer having the following constitutions (a) to (g). (A) The crusher comprises a plurality of cutter shafts (1), a drive means (2) for rotating the cutter shafts (1), and a cutter shaft (1).
And a casing (3) containing (1). (B) The plurality of cutter shafts (1) are arranged parallel to each other. (C) A cutter blade (4) is fixed to the cutter shaft (1). (D) The cutter shaft (1) is mounted vertically. (E) The casing (3) is provided on the side surface of the cutter shaft (1) at the boundary between the adjacent cutter shafts (1) and has a supply port (5), and the supply port (5) has a hopper. (6) is linked. (F) A feed passage gap (15) is provided between the inner surface of the casing (3) and the cutter shaft (1). (G) A net material (10) through which the crushed feed can pass is fixed to the bottom surface of the casing (3).