JPH0597558A - Functional fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain an organic fertilizer having the merits of the component of potash oil foots by converting the alkali foots obtained as a refining by- product of animal and vegetable oil and fat into potash oil foots. CONSTITUTION:An organic fertilizer raw material such as bean curd refuse is compounded with potash oil foots to effect the adsorption of the foots and the mixture is dried. The dried mixture is compounded with an organic fertilizer raw material or an inorganic fertilizer raw material such as ammonium phosphate in balanced state to obtain the objective fertilizer. The above components may be compounded with each other from the first and dried under granulation or compounded with other water-soluble raw material to form a water-soluble fertilizer taking advantage of the emulsifying characteristics of the potash oil foots. The obtained fertilizer contains organic nitrogen, phosphate and potassium component as well as inorganic nitrogen, phosphate and potassium component, protects a plant from the variation of environment, promotes the growth of the plant and gives a product having improved flavor, color and gloss.

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention has been used to a low degree as a fuel or a part of industrial raw material and has discharged a large amount of strongly acidic polluted water in its reprocessing step. A technology to provide a new agricultural material that can be effectively used as an organic fertilizer without discharging strongly acidic polluted water such as sulfuric acid treatment by replacing caustic soda in the soda oil slag, which is a by-product of fat and oil purification, and treating it with caustic potash It is about. In addition, the agricultural material provided by the present invention contains many components having a function that conventional fertilizers do not have, and promotes plant growth, enlarges rhizomes, and imparts aromas peculiar to each plant. This functionality can be used for agriculture because it has favorable properties for 2. Description of the Related Art Conventional fertilizer refers to chemical fertilizer, nitrogen,
Advanced chemical fertilizers made to contain as much phosphoric acid and potassium component as possible have been mainly used. Along with the use of pesticides, labor-saving and stable and high-yield technologies have been established for each crop, but consumers' demands have been directed toward the next goal of pesticide-free cultivation and high-quality crops. As for fertilizers, organic fertilizers have been widely used in response to this trend, and the amount of organic compound fertilizers and organic compounded fertilizers is also increasing, but the conventional use of animal and vegetable oil residue is not satisfactory for both producers and consumers. In particular, it often lacks the aroma that the crop originally should have. Green tea is the most sought after aroma, but there are places where only rapeseed pressed oil residue is used as fertilizer in the production area of tencha (matcha). Ordinary rapeseed oil residue is thoroughly separated into oils and fats by a solvent extraction method, and the residual oil content is 1 to 2% by weight or less. On the other hand, in the rapeseed pressed oil residue, a large amount of oil and fat remains in the lees and the residual oil content is 4 to 20% by weight. The fresh leaves of tea grown using this rapeseed pressed oil residue have a thick leaf, and the surface is glossy and fragrant as if waxed. It is considered that the cultivation method suitable for the raw leaves that are finished as high-quality matcha powder has been taken, but the residual oil content of the rapeseed pressed oil residue is considered to be working to maintain this quality. However, substances related to fats and oils have conventionally been treated as fertilizers rather as substances that hinder the manifestation of the effects of fertilizers and cause harm. In other words, it was considered that the fertilizer was covered with the oil and fat film and prevented from contacting with water, and the fertilizer did not dissolve in water. The potassium slag used in the present invention is a refined by-product of animal and vegetable fats and oils, but has been conventionally discharged as a soda slag using caustic soda. Of course, sodium ion is an unnecessary element for plants and rather causes damage.
Moreover, for the above reasons, it has been treated as completely unrelated to fertilizer. The soda slag is treated with an excess of sulfuric acid to decompose the mixed components other than the fat-and-oil-based components and release the mixture of neutral oil and fatty acid. This product is called dark oil and has been used as a fuel or as a raw material for fractionated fatty acids and fatty acid esters, but its added value is low and it discharges a large amount of strongly acidic polluted water, which makes it difficult to treat due to problems such as environmental pollution. It was [0006] Animal and vegetable fats and oils can be obtained as a crude oil by a solvent extraction method, a compression extraction method, a boiling method or the like. Since various impurities are contained in crude oil, it becomes a product after undergoing purification steps of degumming, deoxidation, decolorization, dewaxing and deodorization. The potassium slag used in the present invention is by-produced in this intermediate deoxidation step. Crude oil always contains free fatty acids. The deoxidation step removes this fatty acid. The oil slag obtained by deoxidation contains soap formed by reaction of free fatty acids with caustic potash, and the accompanying neutral oil and fat, phospholipids left behind in the degumming step in the preceding step, and water in which caustic potash is dissolved. If caustic soda is used, a normal fatty acid sodium salt, that is, normal soap can be produced depending on the type of alkaline material used, and if caustic potash is used, a fatty acid potassium salt, so-called potassium soap can be obtained. Among these, sodium is not required by plants and rather harms plants, but potassium is an element required by plants in large quantities and can be used as fertilizer as an organized potassium material. Rather, it becomes a preferable potash material for institutional horticulture suffering from concentration disorders due to the accumulation of salts. Since the caustic potash was designated as a food additive by the Food Chemistry Division, Ministry of Health and Welfare Bureau, Ministry of Health and Welfare and became usable for refining animal and vegetable fats and oils on January 13, 1991, the present inventor has conducted extensive studies and made caustic soda Instead, they succeeded in developing a deoxidation method using caustic potash and obtaining potassium slag that can be used as a fertilizer raw material. The potassium slag contains 35 to 45% by weight of water and 5 to 15% by weight of K ₂ O as a fertilizer component. In addition to this, potassium slag contains substances that promote the growth of plants and the enlargement of rhizomes. It also contains substances that increase the resistance of plants in abnormal environments such as low temperatures, and substances that create a unique scent for each plant. Agricultural materials can be provided. The contents of these new functions will be described in detail. The potassium slag used in the present invention is mainly composed of fatty acid potassium salt, but contains linoleic acid and linolenic acid as the content of the fatty acid. Linoleic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid with two double bonds and linolenic acid with three double bonds. Since the molecule has a bent structure at the double bond, many gaps are formed when linoleic acid and linolenic acid are stacked. Since the cell fluid having fluidity enters and is protected in this gap, the freezing temperature is lowered and the frost damage is less likely to occur when the temperature is abnormally low. Further, the flexibility is enhanced, and it is possible to flexibly respond to external force such as wind, and avoid damage caused by breakage. [0012] Some of the crops have value in their aroma, and its representative is tea. The main components of the aroma are trans-2-hexenal (green leaf aldehyde) and cis-3-.
It is hexenal (green leaf alcohol) and linolenic acid is its precursor substance. Linoleic acid is a secondary odor component n
-Hexanal and n-hexanol precursors,
Naturally, tea containing a large amount of these ingredients has a high aroma. Consumers are also welcomed with highly fragrant cucumbers, melons and the like, but these contain cucumber alcohol and violet leaf aldehyde in addition to the above-mentioned green leaf odor. The precursor of this aroma component is also linolenic acid. The potassium slag used in the present invention contains lecithin and choline in addition to the fatty acid potassium salt. Lecithin has already been used as a pesticide for controlling powdery mildew of vegetables and choline is also registered as a choline chloride. Choline is a plant growth regulator having photosynthetic activity, rhizome hypertrophy, and growth promotion. The present inventor has invented a method for effectively utilizing potassium slag as an agricultural material by using the method described below, that is, a method for utilizing by-products at the time of refining animal and vegetable oils as a functional fertilizer. [0015] The potassium slag used in the present invention is obtained by using caustic potash in the deoxidation step during the purification of animal and vegetable oils and fats. Potassium slag has a water content of 35 to 45% by weight.
It contains a viscous emulsion. Even if the water is evaporated in this state, it is difficult to evaporate the water because a film is formed on the surface, and even if the water is evaporated in a thin film, it is a sticky solid substance and difficult to handle. The present inventor has discovered that a powdery product which is convenient for handling can be obtained by a method of adsorbing potassium slag on the organic fertilizer raw material, followed by heating and drying to evaporate the water content. The excess alkali content in the oil slag is neutralized with an inorganic acid (mainly sulfuric acid and / or phosphoric acid). Mixing ratio is 100 parts of organic fertilizer raw material to 10 parts of potassium slag.
Any amount may be used within the range of 200 parts, but preferably 30 to 10
The range is 0 copy. The product of the present invention does not have oily greasiness as in the case where neutral fats and oils are added and mixed, and is in a state in which it is very easy to handle in a dry state. The organic fertilizer raw materials used in the present invention are various vegetable oil residues (eg, rapeseed oil residue, soybean oil residue, rice bran, defatted rice bran, castor oil residue, linseed oil residue, sesame oil residue), tofu residue, coffee residue, fish residue powder. , Meat powder, bone powder, feather meal, leather powder, dried chicken powder, etc., or a mixture of two or more thereof. When using inorganic fertilizer raw material at the same time as organic fertilizer raw material, such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, urea, ammonium phosphate, lime superphosphate, potassium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium hydroxide, etc. One kind or a mixture of two or more kinds may be mixed. The order of compounding may be such that the organic fertilizer raw material is mixed and adsorbed with potassium oil slag, and once dried, the organic fertilizer raw material and / or the inorganic fertilizer raw material may be simply blended. Alternatively, an inorganic fertilizer raw material may be blended for granulation and drying. Further, the present inventor takes advantage of the fact that the potassium slag used in the present invention has a strong emulsifying property with water, and further makes it a water-soluble activator which is hydrated and emulsified, is easy to handle and can be mechanically sprayed. It has been discovered that it can be a very good foliar spray. The excess alkali content in this agent is neutralized with an inorganic acid (mainly sulfuric acid and / or phosphoric acid). In addition, in order to prevent long-term storage and generation of mold, heat sterilization may be performed at the final stage of the manufacturing process. The compounding ratio may be any in the range of 10 to 6000 parts of water with respect to 100 parts of potassium slag, and a preferred amount is added and emulsified according to workability. At this time, if an organic water-soluble fertilizer raw material and / or an inorganic water-soluble fertilizer raw material is dissolved and used in advance in water to be used, oil permeability can be assisted and the fertilizing effect can be activated. Example 1 Blending was carried out in the proportions shown in Table 1 and drying was carried out using a drier 110
Drying was performed at ° C. The dried product is an organic fertilizer containing 2.51% by weight of nitrogen, 1.16% by weight of phosphoric acid, and 7.09% by weight of potassium. It is a smooth powdery product, but it is an easy-to-handle product that does not scatter powder. there were. [Table 1] [Example 2] Blending was carried out in the proportions shown in Table 2 and 110
Drying was performed at ° C. The dried product is an organic compound fertilizer containing 8.31% by weight of nitrogen, 5.83% by weight of phosphoric acid, and 4.57% by weight of potassium. It is a smooth powder, but it does not scatter, and it is easy to handle. It was an item. [Table 2] Example 3 Blending and emulsification in the proportions shown in Table 3 were carried out at 100 ° C. for 30 minutes.
Sterilization was performed for a minute. 8.01% by weight of nitrogen in terms of dry matter,
It was a water-emulsifiable fertilizer containing 6.98% by weight of phosphoric acid and 9.60% by weight of potassium, and was an article that was easy to apply mechanically. [Table 3] The product of the present invention produced as described above contains proteins, organic phosphoric acid, organic potassium, inorganic nitrogen.
In addition to containing phosphoric acid and potassium, it is a new functional fertilizer that has the functionality of protecting plants from changes in the environment, promoting growth, increasing the unique aroma, and improving the color and luster.

Continued front page    (72) Inventor Tomo Kobayashi             1-12-13-48 Hamano Chaya, Kurashiki City, Okayama Prefecture             Ground (72) Inventor Hidenori Osako             6 at 232 Granura, Kurashiki City, Okayama Prefecture

Claims (1)

Claims: 1. A fertilizer characterized by adsorbing a potassium slag obtained by using caustic potash in a deoxidizing step in a process of purifying animal and vegetable oils and fats to an organic fertilizer raw material and drying. [Claim 2] A compound fertilizer comprising the organic raw material and / or the inorganic fertilizer raw material, wherein the claim 1 is used as a part of the raw material. [Claim 3] An organic compound fertilizer, which comprises mixing potassium slag with an organic fertilizer raw material and / or an inorganic fertilizer raw material, and then granulating and drying. [Claim 4] A liquid fertilizer containing organic matter in which potassium oil dregs and an organic water-soluble fertilizer raw material or an inorganic water-soluble fertilizer raw material are dispersed and emulsified in water.