JPH0596836U - Tinted glass - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Purpose] To provide a colored glass which has a dimming function and a colored glass function, and which can easily be made large in area, and which has a built-in power supply for realizing the dimming function. There is. The present invention is characterized in that a photoelectric conversion device having a light-transmitting property and a dispersion type liquid crystal electro-optical device having a dimming function are laminated with a light-transmitting resin interposed therebetween. As a result, when the liquid crystal electro-optical device transmits light, the photoelectric conversion device is translucent, so the light transmitted through the glass of the present invention is thin due to the color of the photoelectric conversion semiconductor layer itself. It functions as a colored glass that is colored brown and can shield heat.

Description

[Detailed description of the device]

[0001]

[Industrial applications]

 The present invention relates to a colored glass having a dimming function, which is applied with a photoelectric conversion device.

[0002]

[Prior Art]

 BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, colored glass having a function of attenuating sunlight has been used as window glass for windows of buildings and showrooms, as well as windows of trains, buses and cars. Especially in recent years, buildings with large daylighting windows and private cars whose interiors cannot be seen easily have become popular. Moreover, not only exterior lighting windows, but also the interior compartments of buildings are widely designed with large glass partitions.

As the glass used for these windows and partitions, colored glass and frosted glass have been used. Of these, colored glass has a modifier added to its material so that the glass itself has a color. Such a colored glass has been realized by coating a colored glass or colorless glass with a coating for coloring, or by a laminated glass structure in which a colored organic film is sandwiched.

Further, glass having shutter function instead of dimming function, window glass of buildings, and reflectors for automobiles having anti-glare function are beginning to be adopted. In other words, it has the function of introducing or stopping light from the outside as necessary to completely hide the inside or outside. Such functions are beginning to be realized by applying liquid crystal technology.

[0005]

[Problems to be solved by the device]

As mentioned above, the glass with a dimming function using liquid crystal technology has almost the same structure as the TN type liquid crystal electro-optical device itself in which a liquid crystal material is enclosed between two glass substrates. However, it was very difficult to stack two pieces of glass and keep the intervals evenly, and there was a dimensional limitation. ▲ Therefore, only small size window glass and reflectors for automobiles have been put to practical use.
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[Means for Solving the Problems] ▲ The present invention is a colored glass that has both a dimming function and a colored glass function, and can easily be made large in area. Furthermore, the colored glass has a built-in power source for realizing the dimming action. Is also provided. ▲

Therefore, the present invention has a structure in which a light-transmissive photoelectric conversion device and a dispersion-type liquid crystal electro-optical device having a dimming function are superposed via a light-transmissive resin. As a result, when the liquid crystal electro-optical device transmits light, the photoelectric conversion device of the present invention has a light-transmitting property, so that the color of the photoelectric conversion semiconductor layer itself is The light that passes through the glass of the present invention is colored in a light brown color, and functions as a colored glass that can shield heat. In this way, rather than window glass, it also has a ▲ function like a curtain. Further, when the liquid crystal electro-optical device does not transmit light, the glass of the present invention functions as a shutter to realize a situation in which the internal state cannot be seen. Furthermore, by adjusting the electric power applied to the liquid crystal electro-optical device, an intermediate situation can be realized, that is, the amount of transmitted light can be adjusted. ▲ The term "colored glass" used in the present invention means "glass" that is widely used in general.
As with the word "," the range includes, for example, a product not using a glass material, for example, a product manufactured by a transparent plastic. ▲

As a supply source of electric power for driving the liquid crystal electro-optical device, electric power from a photoelectric conversion device provided in close contact with the liquid crystal electro-optical device is used. Also,
If necessary, the colored glass of the present invention can be driven using a power supply system that combines storage batteries. ▲

The photoelectric conversion device used in the present invention employs a transparent electrode as the electrode used in order to have a function as colored glass. At the same time, the photoelectric conversion semiconductor layer has a thickness of 4 000 Å. As described below, it is necessary to increase the amount of transmitted light. For this reason, the maximum transmittance of 50% or more is ensured in the visible light region. ▲

Further, a non-single crystal semiconductor is used for this photoelectric conversion semiconductor layer. This semiconductor film ▲ had an essential problem that the photoelectric conversion ability was lowered by light irradiation, but the maximum thickness of the semiconductor layer was about 4000 Å or less as in the present invention. In this case, it is possible to prevent the photoelectric conversion performance of the photoelectric conversion semiconductor layer from being deteriorated by light irradiation. ▲

In particular, the thickness of the I-type semiconductor layer in the photoelectric conversion semiconductor layer is 300 to 10
By setting the range of 00Å, most preferably 500 to 700Å, it is possible to suppress this decrease in photoelectric conversion capacity to a sufficient extent, and an energy reliability of 100 mW / cm ^{2 at} AM1.5 by an acceleration reliability test. After a test equivalent to that after continuously irradiating with light having a temperature of 1 year, the deterioration rate of the photoelectric conversion capacity was within 10%, which was sufficient practicability. Further, in the case of 500 to 700Å ▲, the deterioration rate was within 5%, which was particularly effective. (3) With such a deterioration rate, heat is shielded when light is transmitted, and the heat raises the temperature of the photoelectric conversion semiconductor layer. At this temperature, the photoelectric conversion semiconductor layer has the same effect as the one subjected to the thermal annealing treatment, and the deterioration of the photoelectric conversion rate is recovered by this thermal annealing, and the initial characteristics are restored. Therefore, in the present invention, it is possible to design a driving system for colored glass without considering the deterioration of the photoelectric conversion capability of the photoelectric conversion semiconductor device. ▲

On the other hand, as the liquid crystal electro-optical device, a dispersion type liquid crystal electro-optical device is used in the present invention. In this dispersion type liquid crystal electro-optical device, a translucent solid-phase polymer holds nematic, cholesteric or smectic liquid crystals in a granular or spongy form. As a method of manufacturing this liquid crystal device, it is known that a liquid crystal is dispersed in a polymer by encapsulation of the liquid crystal, and the polymer is formed as a thin film on a film or a substrate. Here, gelatin, gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol and the like have been proposed as the encapsulating substance. ▲

In these techniques, the liquid crystal molecules encapsulated with polyvinyl alcohol have a liquid crystal molecule in the presence of an electric field if they have a positive dielectric anisotropy in a thin film. When they are arranged in the direction of the electric field and the refractive index of the liquid crystal and the refractive index of the polymer are equal to each other, transparency appears. On the other hand, when there is no electric field, the liquid crystal does not align in a specific direction and faces various ▲ directions, so the refractive index of the liquid crystal deviates from that of the polymer, and ▲ light is scattered and transmission of light is prevented. It becomes a cloudy state.
In addition to the above-mentioned examples, some of the above encapsulated ∘ are known as a film or a thin film of a polymer having a liquid crystal dispersed therein. For example, a liquid crystal material dispersed in an epoxy resin, a liquid crystal material utilizing phase separation between a liquid crystal and a photo-curing substance, and a liquid crystal impregnated in a three-dimensional polymer are known. ing. In the present invention, these liquid crystal electro-optical devices are collectively referred to as dispersion type liquid crystal. ▲

In such a dispersion type liquid crystal electro-optical device, transmission / non-transmission of light is represented by straight traveling / scattering of light. Therefore, unlike the conventionally known TN-type liquid crystal electro-optical device, etc., it does not require a polarizing means, has a sufficient amount of transmitted light, and is a very bright liquid crystal electro-optical device. It was very convenient for the colored glass used for daylighting. Moreover, even in the manufacturing method, it is possible to easily increase the area, and even if there is some unevenness in the substrate distance, it is not recognized as a large defect from the outside, and it is easy to industrialize. It has features. ▲

In this way, the present invention provides a large-area colored glass that also has a dimming function. Examples will be shown below. ▲

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EXAMPLE In this example, a non-single crystal silicon photoelectric conversion device formed on a glass substrate and a dispersion type liquid crystal electro-optical device using an ultraviolet curable resin as a transparent material were vacuum laminated. An example in which a transparent resin is used to adhere by the method is shown. A schematic diagram of a cross section of this colored glass is shown in FIG. First, as the liquid crystal electro-optical device, as the substrate to be used, an ordinary blue plate glass 1 was used, on which ITO having a thickness of 2000 Å was formed as the transparent electrode 3 on the entire surface. A uniform mixed solution of prepolymer and nematic liquid crystal was formed on the surface of the electrode 3 side of this substrate by a roll coating method to a thickness of about 15 μm. ▲

▲ Trimethylolpropane triacrylate is used as this prepolymer, and ▲ about 2 with respect to a normal nematic liquid crystal material together with a polymerization initiator.
A homogeneous solution mixed at a ratio of 5% was used. Next, the average particle size on this coated surface is 1
Spacers of 0.5 μm are dry-dispersed, then the substrate 2 on which the other electrode 4 is provided is superposed on a predetermined position, and pressed by applying a pressure of 1 to 5 kg / cm ^{2 to} separate the substrates. Was about 10 μm, and unnecessary uniform solution between the substrates was pushed out of the substrate. The unnecessary uniform solution is wiped, and the entire surface of the substrate is irradiated with ultraviolet light to cure (polymerize) the prepolymer (monomer) formed between the substrates, and the pair of substrates 1 and 2 is It stuck. This irradiation condition is for a 100 W / cm UV lamp.
The substrate was set at a distance of about 20 cm, and irradiation was performed for about 5 minutes. Thus, the light control layer (5) containing the transparent solid substance and the liquid crystal was formed, and the substrate was fixed to complete the liquid crystal electro-optical device. ▲

▲ The uniformity of the distance between the substrates of this manufactured device is 1800 mm × 900
mm substrate 10 ▲. It was 0 μm ± 0.5, and the spacers between the substrates were appropriately dispersed in the substrate without being biased by the roll coating during the production of the light control layer. ▲ In the case of this example, it was very effective in increasing the area without removing the solvent after coating the light control layer. Furthermore, it was effective to increase the degree of adhesion of the substrate by applying a heat treatment during the polymerization of the monomer or after that. ▲

Further, as a photoelectric conversion device, a 1800 mm × 900 mm substrate 6 is used, the photoelectric conversion device on this substrate is divided into four sections, and these four sections are connected in parallel. The photoelectric conversion device in the compartment is integrated to extract electric power for the liquid crystal electro-optical device. This division and the degree of integration can be arbitrarily changed according to the required power. ▲

First, ITO is used as the transparent electrode 7 on the substrate 6 by 2000 Å
After the formation, the ITO 7 is laser processed into a predetermined pattern. After this, the non-single crystal silicon semiconductor is subjected to P type 8, I type 9 and N type 1 by a known plasma CVD method.
Then, the thickness of the I-type semiconductor layer was set to 1000 Å, and the other was set to 400 Å at this time. Next, after performing laser processing for integration, the transparent electrode 11 on the back surface was formed. After forming, laser processing was performed again to obtain an integrated photoelectric conversion device. ▲

As a characteristic of this photoelectric conversion device, with a conversion efficiency of 5.1%, about 45 W of electric power could be generated at the maximum on the entire surface of this substrate. In addition, the average transmittance of visible light was 7-2%, and the light was sufficiently transmitted. Next, the photoelectric conversion device and the previously prepared liquid crystal electro-optical device are connected to each other by a predetermined drive circuit, and then the transparent EVA resin 12 is sandwiched between them by a known vacuum laminating technique. A colored glass as shown in FIG. 1 (A) was completed. ▲

In this way, a colored glass having a very large area of light control function can be realized, and in the case of the present embodiment, it is used as a window glass of a building or a window of a shawl. ▲

Further, FIG. 1 (B) shows another embodiment of the present invention. That is, a substrate using the organic film resin 15 is adopted as a substrate of the liquid crystal electro-optical device, and is laminated with a transparent resin as in the present embodiment to be integrated with the substrate of the photoelectric conversion device. .. In the case of such an embodiment, since the weight of the colored glass itself can be suppressed, it can be applied to a window glass of an automobile, a sunroof and the like. ▲

Further, unlike this embodiment, it was possible to use a glass substrate for the liquid crystal electro-optical device and an organic resin film for the photoelectric conversion device substrate. Furthermore, both the photoelectric conversion device and the liquid crystal electro-optical device could be made of an organic resin film substrate, and laminated together with another glass for protection. ▲

Further, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the electrodes of the liquid crystal electro-optical device are formed on the entire surface of the colored glass. However, the electrodes are processed into a predetermined shape to make a specific pattern stand out. It was also possible to have a function like a lace curtain. In addition, when one of the pair of electrodes is an electrode on the entire surface and the other is an electrode having a shape matching a predetermined pattern, the contour line of the predetermined pattern is blurred according to the gradient of the electric field strength applied to the liquid crystal. As a result, it was possible to realize colored glass that looks good like ornaments. ▲

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[Effects of the Invention] ▲ With the configuration of the present invention, it is possible to provide colored glass having a light control function in a large area. Furthermore, as a power source for driving the liquid crystal electro-optical device that functions as this dimming function, a photoelectric conversion device can be installed as an independent power source, and this photoelectric conversion device has a function of coloring transmitted light by ▲ to shield it from heat. I have both. ▲

Further, in order to color the transmitted light, the thickness of the semiconductor layer of this photoelectric conversion device is designed to be 400 ° or less, so that the degree of deterioration of the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photoelectric conversion device is reduced. I was able to obtain a new effect that I could. ▲

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of a colored glass of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 ... Glass substrate 2 ... Glass substrate 5 ... Light control layer 6 ... Glass substrate 8 ... P-type semiconductor layer 9 ... I-type semiconductor layer 10 ... -N-type semiconductor layer 12 ... Translucent adhesive layer

Claims (3)

[Scope of utility model registration request] 1. A colored glass having a structure in which a photoelectric conversion device having a light-transmitting property and a dispersion type liquid crystal electro-optical device having a dimming function are laminated with a light-transmitting resin interposed therebetween. .. 2. The colored glass according to claim 1, wherein the electrodes provided so as to sandwich the photoelectric conversion semiconductor layer have a light-transmitting property. 3. The photoelectric conversion device according to claim 1, wherein the I-type semiconductor layer in the photoelectric conversion semiconductor layer has a thickness in the range of 300 to 1000Å, and the photoelectric conversion semiconductor component has a thickness of 4000Å or less. A colored glass characterized by being.