JPH0579536A - Washer - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To facilitate fitting work of a washer by making the outer diameter of the surface of the washer in the side connected to an anchor head almost the same as that of the bearing surface of the anchor head, and by making the hole diameter of the washer in the side connected to a fixing block almost the same as that of a through hole of the fixing block. CONSTITUTION:An anchor head 4a of a cable end part is fixed to a fixing block 5a having a through hole of the diameter larger than that of the anchor head, and a washer is fitted between the anchor head 4a and the fixing block 5a, and is thus used. The outer diameter of a washer surface 11 in the side connected to the anchor head 4a of the washer 7 is made to be almost the same as that of an anchor head bearing surface. The hole diameter of the washer in the side connected to the fixing block 5a is made to be almost the same as that of a through hole of the fixing block 5a. The washer thus provided is smaller and lighter than a conventional washer. Washer fitting work at the time of fixing the anchor head 4a of the cable end part to the fixing block 5a is facilitated, and the head is more easily retained.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to washers, and in particular,
The present invention relates to a washer which is used by being fitted between an anchor head and a fixing block for fixing an anchor head at a cable end to a fixing block having a through hole having a diameter larger than an anchor head diameter.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, large-scale cable-stayed bridges have been constructed with the progress of bridge technology. The cables used for such large-scale cable-stayed bridges and the like are often of large diameter. Fixing (or fixing) these cable ends to the structure
Is performed by fitting a half-divided washer between the anchor block with a through-hole fixed to the structure and the anchor head at the end of the cable, and pulling the cable in the direction in which compressive stress acts on the washer. ..

The details will be described below in the case of fixing a cable end portion to a cable-stayed bridge. That is, the cable-stayed bridge is composed of two vertical towers 1 and horizontal girders 2 as shown in FIG. 1, and a cable 3 is used as a tension member connecting the towers 1 and the girders 2. Anchor heads 4a at both ends A and B of the cable 3,
As shown in FIG. 2, 4b is a fixing block 5a for the tower 1 and the girder 2,
It is fixed to 5b through washers 6a and 6b. This fixing work is
As shown in FIG. 3, insert the anchor head 4a into the through hole of the fixing block 5a from the upper right toward the lower left, and then manually insert a half-divided washer 6a between the anchor head 4a and the fixing block 5a from the left and right. After that, when the cable 3 is pulled in the upper right direction, the anchor head 4a pushes the washer 6a, the washer 6a pushes the fixing block 5a, and as a result, the anchor head 4a at the end of the cable 3 is fixed (fixed) to the fixing block 5a. It

The stress state of the washer 6a after fixing is shown in FIG.
The load from the anchor head 4a pushes down the washer 6a from above with a working stress σ _c1 and pushes up from below with a stress σ _c2 . Therefore, the washer 6a is deformed by the compressive stress (σ _c1 , σ _c2 ) and the shear stress (τ).

Conventionally, iron washer is generally used as the washer. The shape is often a rectangular parallelepiped as shown in 6a of FIG. In addition, there is a ring-shaped one as shown at 18 in FIG.

[0006]

In the fixing portion of the structure as described above, various loads concentrate on each other, so that the fixing portion has a complicated cross section and a large size. On the other hand, the cross section of the structure is
The space left because it is almost constant is made as small as possible. In addition, since the jack and the chair are installed in the fixing portion for the tension of the cable, the installation space of the washer is secured only to the extent that the worker can manually perform. Therefore, when the structure was not so large, the washer could be fixed by human power even if the washer was designed to be large on the safe side. However, as the size of the cable becomes larger and the static strength increases, the size of the washer becomes larger and the weight becomes heavier, so that the fixing work becomes difficult as described below.

That is, there is a problem that the washer is large and heavy, and the washer mounting space is narrow, so that the washer fixing operation is extremely difficult. Further, there is a problem that the washer cannot be held when the washer is fitted, which causes a human disaster due to the washer falling to the feet of the worker.

The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object thereof is to solve the problems of the conventional washer and to fix the anchor head at the end of the cable to the fixing block. It is an object of the present invention to provide a washer that can be easily fixed, and that can be easily held and can prevent human accidents due to a drop of the washer.

[0009]

In order to achieve the above object, the washer according to the present invention has the following structure. That is, the washer according to claim 1 is used by being fitted between the anchor head and the fixing block in order to fix the anchor head at the cable end to the fixing block having a through hole having a diameter larger than the anchor head diameter. In the washer, the outer diameter of the washer surface on the side contacting the anchor head is made substantially equal to the outer diameter of the anchor head bearing surface, and the washer hole diameter on the side contacting the fixing block is made substantially equal to the through hole diameter of the fixing block. It is a washer characterized by that.

The washer according to claim 2 is the washer according to claim 1, which is divided in the washer thickness direction. The washer according to claim 3 is the washer according to claim 1, which is divided in a washer radial direction. The washer according to claim 4 is the washer according to claim 1, 2 or 3, which has a means for preventing a slip between the anchor head bearing surface and / or the fixing block bearing surface and the washer surface. The washer according to claim 5 is the washer according to claim 3, which has means for preventing slippage between the washer surfaces.

[0011]

[Working] As described above, the washer according to the present invention makes the outer diameter of the washer surface on the side contacting the anchor head substantially equal to the outer diameter of the bearing surface of the anchor head, and the hole diameter of the washer on the side contacting the fixing block. Since the diameter of the through hole of the fixing block is approximately equal to that of the fixing block, it is smaller and lighter than the conventional washer. That is, to explain with reference to the example shown in FIG. 5, a washer (shown by a solid line in the figure) 7 according to the present invention has a washer end surface, that is, an outer wall 8 and a washer hole inner wall 9, which are tapered. It is smaller than the 6a (shown by the dotted line) and is therefore lighter. In other words, the washer according to the present invention has a shape in which the corner portion of the conventional washer is removed, and the amount is reduced by that amount. Therefore, according to the washer according to the present invention, the washer fixing operation can be easily performed, and the washer can be easily held to prevent the occurrence of a human injury due to the washer falling.

Even with the tapered shape as described above, the same washer function as the conventional washer can be exhibited. Figure 6 shows the reason
Will be explained. FIG. 6 schematically shows the flow of stress in the washer when the conventional washer 6a is used. In the washer, the pressure flows from the anchor head bearing surface 11 of the washer 6a to the bearing surface 12 of the fixing block 5a. Such stress 10 is generated. Except for the stress flow section 13, no stress is applied so much that it is substantially an unnecessary section. The washer according to the present invention is
This is equivalent to a structure in which such unnecessary portion 14 is removed, and therefore, a washer function similar to that of a conventional washer can be exhibited.

The washer according to the present invention may have a shape divided into a washer thickness direction and / or a washer radial direction,
In this case, since the divided product is smaller and lighter than the integrated product, the washer fixing operation can be further facilitated and the holding can be more easily performed. Examples of such washers are shown in FIGS. FIG. 8 shows a washer divided into two parts in the washer thickness direction, FIG. 9 shows a washer divided into eight parts in the washer thickness direction, and FIG. 10 shows a washer divided into two parts in the washer thickness direction and three parts in the washer radial direction. Is.

Since the washer according to the present invention has a tapered shape as described above, a stress that spreads outward is generated at a portion in contact with the fixing block bearing surface 12, and is narrowed inward at a portion in contact with the anchor head bearing surface 11. An attempted stress is generated. Therefore, if no slip prevention means is taken, slippage (washer radial slippage or washer rotation slippage) may occur more easily than in the conventional washers. From this point of view, it is desirable that the washer according to the present invention be provided with a means for preventing slippage between the anchor head bearing surface and / or the fixing block bearing surface and the washer surface. By taking this measure, the yield strength of the washer can be improved. Examples of such slip prevention means include those illustrated in FIG. 7, but are not limited to these.

In FIG. 7, S1, S2, and S3 represent slip prevention means, S1 is a washer 7 provided with a projection, and S2 is a washer 7 end surface (bearing surface) provided with irregularities. thing,
S3 is provided with a split ring-shaped stopper.
In (B), washers 7 are three-tiered. (E) is a perspective view of the washer 7 and the stopper S3 of (D). When the washer is divided in the radial direction, it is desirable to provide a means (a projection indicated by SX in FIG. 7B) for preventing slip between the washer surfaces, as illustrated in FIG. 7B.

[0016]

EXAMPLE The following fixing test was carried out by simulating the fixing of the cable end to a cable-stayed bridge as shown in FIG.

The cable 3 has a large diameter of Φ142 mm, which is obtained by bundling 349 steel wires of Φ7 mm, and has Φ370 mm at one end.
A cable having an anchor head 4a of The fixing block 5a was made of carbon steel (SM50) and had a through hole diameter of Φ390 mm.

As the washer, an 8-divided washer 7 (an example of the washer according to the present invention) having a shape as shown in FIG. 9 was used in place of the conventional washer 6a shown in FIG. This washer 7 is made of carbon steel (S45
C) and the dimensions are as follows. The thickness is 120mm, and the outer diameter of the washer surface on the side that contacts the anchor head 4a is Φ370mm.
(Equivalent to the outer diameter of the bearing surface of the anchor head 4a), the washer hole diameter is Φ264mm, while the washer hole diameter on the side that contacts the fixing block 5a is Φ390mm (equivalent to the through hole diameter of the fixing block 4a), and the outer diameter is Φ500mm. ..

Using the cable 3, the fixing block 5a, and the washer 7, the fixing operation of the anchor head 4a at the end of the cable was carried out as follows. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, the anchor head 4a is inserted into the through hole of the fixing block 5a from the upper right side to the lower left side, and then each of the 80% type washers 7 (divided) is inserted between the anchor head 4a and the fixing block 5a. After the product) was manually fitted from the left and right, the cable 3 was pulled in the upper right direction by the cable pulling means, and the anchor head 4a at the end of the cable 3 was fixed to the fixing block 5a via the washer 7.

In the fixing work, each of the washers 7 (divided products) is small and light, so that the washer fitting work can be easily performed, the washer is easily held, and there is no fear of the washer falling.

Further, at the time of fixing, the tensile load on the cable 3 was increased stepwise, and the relationship between the tensile load and the strain of the washer 7 was examined. As a result, it was confirmed that it has the same washer function as the conventional washer.

[0022]

The washer according to the present invention has the above-mentioned structure and functions, and it is used to fix the anchor head at the end of the cable to the fixing block. As a washer that is used by being fitted in between, it can perform the same washer function as conventional washers, and is smaller and lighter than conventional washers, so when fixing the anchor head of the cable end to the fixing block. The washer fixing work can be easily performed, and further, the washer can be easily held, so that it is possible to prevent the occurrence of human injury due to the washer falling.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing an outline of a cable-stayed bridge.

FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view showing a fixing portion of an anchor head at both ends of a cable in a cable-stayed bridge to a fixing block.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the state of a washer fixing operation when fixing the anchor head at the cable end to the fixing block.

FIG. 4 is a view for explaining a stress state in the washer after fixing the washer, (A) is a side sectional view, and (B) is a partial sectional front view.

FIG. 5 is a side sectional view for explaining an example of the shape of a washer according to the present invention in comparison with the shape of a conventional washer.

FIG. 6 is a side sectional view for explaining a flow of stress in a washer in a washer after fixing a conventional washer.

FIG. 7 is a view showing an example of a washer slip prevention means according to the present invention, wherein (A) is a case where a washer is provided with protrusions, and (B) shows a case where the washers are stacked in three stages. When the washer is provided with protrusions, (C) is the case where the washer end face (bearing surface) is uneven, and (D) is the outline of the washer after fixing with the split ring type stopper. FIG.
(E) is a perspective view of (D).

FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing an example of a divided washer according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing an example of a split washer according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing an example of a divided washer according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing an example of a conventional washer and a fixing state of the washer.

[Explanation of symbols]

1--Tower, 2--Girder, 3--Cable, 4a, 4b-- Anchor head, 5a, 5b-- Fixing block, 6a, 6b-- Washer, 7-- Washer,
8--Washer outer wall, 9--Washer hole inner wall, 10--Stress, 11--Anchor head bearing surface, 12--Fixing block 5a bearing surface, 13--
Stress flow part, 14--unnecessary part, 15, 16, 17--divided washer, 18--washer, A, B--both ends of cable 3, S1, S2,
S3--Slip prevention means, P--load.

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A washer used as a fit between an anchor head and a fixing block for fixing an anchor head at a cable end to a fixing block having a through hole having a diameter larger than that of the anchor head. The outside diameter of the washer surface on the side contacting the head is substantially equal to the outside diameter of the anchor head bearing surface, and the washer hole diameter on the side contacting the fixing block is substantially the same as the through hole diameter of the fixing block. Washer. 2. The washer is divided in the thickness direction.
The washer described. 3. The washer according to claim 1, which is divided in a washer radial direction. 4. The washer according to claim 1, 2 or 3, further comprising means for preventing slippage between the anchor head bearing surface and / or the fixing block bearing surface and the washer surface. 5. The washer according to claim 3, further comprising means for preventing slip between the washer surfaces.