JPH0573352U - Lubrication structure of transmission - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Purpose] To effectively use centrifugal force to maintain good lubricity on both inner and outer friction surfaces and prevent problems such as seizure of the friction surfaces. [Structure] The outer cone 5 and the inner cone 7 are located in the middle of the outer cone 5 and friction surfaces 4 on both sides in the radial direction.
In the transmission including the intermediate cones 1 and 42, the lubricating oil passage 32 is formed to be introduced to the other end side of the intermediate cone 6, while the one end side of the intermediate cone is formed. A lubricating oil storage means 20 is provided which is locked to the engaging claws 11, 11, ... Of the intermediate cone 6 and integrally covers the vicinity of the ends of the two inner and outer friction surfaces 4, 42. The lubricating oil supplied to the other end side is moved to the lubricating oil storage means 20 side through the outer friction surface portion by the transfer action by the centrifugal force, and is further passed from the lubricating oil storage means 20 through the inner friction surface portion. It is circulated to the other end side of the intermediate cone 6 so that both the inner and outer friction surfaces are lubricated substantially evenly.

Description

[Detailed description of the device]

[0001]

[Industrial applications]

 The present invention relates to a lubricating structure for a transmission.

[0002]

[Prior Art]

 In recent years, in transmissions, especially in manual transmissions for automobiles, three cones are arranged in the radial direction in order to respond to the high-grade orientation of users and to ensure a quicker and more accurate synchronizing action and achieve a smooth shifting feeling. Between the cones to form two friction surfaces, an outer friction surface located on the radially outer side and an inner friction surface located on the inner side in the radial direction. It aims to achieve quick and reliable synchronization by gaining power.

By the way, in a transmission equipped with such an intermediate cone type synchronous mechanism, a large frictional force is generated on each of the friction surfaces, so that the lubricity of this portion is not sufficiently ensured. There is a risk that seizures may occur on the gears and the gear shifting function may be impaired.Therefore, in transmissions equipped with this type of synchronization mechanism, lubricating oil has to be adequately lubricated on the friction surfaces. I am trying to supply.

However, since the two friction surfaces between the cones are arranged so as to overlap each other in the radial direction, even if lubricating oil is supplied to the respective cone portions, the influence of centrifugal force caused by the rotation of the respective cones is affected. As a result, the lubricating oil is sufficiently supplied to the outer friction surface, but the lubricating oil is not sufficiently supplied to the inner friction surface, and as a result, problems such as seizure are likely to occur on the inner friction surface. There was a problem.

Under these circumstances, for example, as disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. Sho 62-200842, lubricating oil supply passages are formed inside the outer cone and the inner cone respectively, and the lubricating oil supply passages are provided through the lubricating oil supply passages. The external friction surface between the outer cone and the intermediate cone and the internal friction surface between the inner cone and the intermediate cone are supplied with lubricating oil from different routes, and the effect of centrifugal force on the lubricating oil supply is affected. There is a known technology that eliminates as much as possible.

[0006]

[Problems to be solved by the device]

 However, in the method of forming the lubricating oil supply passages inside the outer cone and the inner cone as described above, even if the lubricating oil is supplied to each friction surface from a different route, the lubricating oil in each lubricating oil supply passage is Since the inlets are located inside and outside in the radial direction, they have already been affected by the centrifugal force during the lubricating oil introduction stage, and therefore, the lubricity of each friction surface is maintained almost evenly and satisfactorily. It is undeniable that there is still some dissatisfaction with. Furthermore, if a lubricating oil supply passage is formed inside the cone, the rigidity of the cone will be reduced by the amount of the passage formed, and in some cases, excessive wall thickness will prevent the device from becoming smaller and lighter. There is also a risk that

In view of this, the present invention maintains a good lubricity on the friction surfaces on both the inner and outer sides by positively utilizing the biasing phenomenon of the lubricating oil due to the centrifugal force with a simple structure, thereby preventing seizure of the friction surfaces. This was done to prevent the occurrence of malfunctions and contribute to improving the performance of the transmission.

[0008]

[Means for Solving the Problems]

 In the present invention, as a specific means for solving such a problem, in the lubrication structure for a transmission according to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a synchro hub that meshes with a rotating shaft and rotates integrally therewith. A transmission gear that is coaxially fitted to the synchro hub and is loosely fitted to the rotary shaft, a hub sleeve that meshes with the outer peripheral portion of the synchro hub and is slidable in the axial direction thereof, and the synchro hub and the gear shift. It is arranged between the gear and a dog gear, which selectively meshes with the hub sleeve in accordance with the sliding displacement of the hub sleeve to transmit the rotation of the synchro hub to the speed change gear, and between the synchro hub and the dog gear. The annular outer cone that can be meshed with the hub sleeve by the axial displacement of the hub sleeve and the inner cone in the radial direction of the outer cone. A ring-shaped inner cone that meshes with the hub and is rotated integrally with the hub, and is arranged between the outer cone and the inner cone, and the outer and inner peripheral surfaces thereof are respectively rubbed against the outer cone and the inner cone. In the synchro hub, there is provided a transmission, which has a ring-shaped intermediate cone engaged with the dog gear in the rotational direction through a plurality of engaging projections provided on one end surface of the dog gear. While forming a lubricating oil passage for introducing the lubricating oil supplied from the rotary shaft to the other end side of the intermediate cone, each of the intermediate cones is provided on the one end side of the intermediate cone. It is characterized in that a lubricating oil storage means is provided which is engaged with the dowel and integrally covers the vicinity of the ends of the two friction surfaces, the inner and outer friction surfaces.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the lubricating structure for the transmission according to the first aspect, the lubricating oil storage means is an annular base portion that covers an outer side of one end of the intermediate cone. Substantially provided with a lip portion which is provided at each of an outer position and an inner position in the radial direction of the base member and which is brought into contact with the end surface of the outer cone and the end surface of the inner cone with an appropriate pressing force. It is characterized by being made of an elastic material having a U-shaped cross section.

[0010]

[Action]

 With each of the inventions of the present application, the following actions can be obtained by adopting such a configuration.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the lubricating oil introduced to the other end side of the intermediate cone through the lubricating oil passage formed in the synchronizing hub has a centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the synchronizing hub. Under the influence, it is pushed outward in the radial direction, mainly moves to the one end side of the intermediate cone through the friction surface located outside in the radial direction, and is temporarily stored in the lubricating oil storage means. Further, the lubricating oil stored in this lubricating oil storage means passes through the inner friction surface, which is less affected by centrifugal force than the outer friction surface portion, and has a relatively low lubricating oil pressure. It is refluxed to the end side. As described above, the lubricating oil is circulated from the outer friction surface to the inner friction surface by receiving the transfer action due to the centrifugal force, so that the lubricity of each friction surface is equalized as much as possible. ..

According to the second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the same effect as described above, the lubricating oil storage means is made of an elastic material having a lip portion. When the pressure of the stored lubricating oil exceeds a certain level, the lip part elastically deforms and part of the lubricating oil leaks to the outside, and the excessive rise of the lubricating oil pressure hinders the operation of each cone. It is possible to prevent the occurrence of such a problem, and the good operation of each cone ensures a high level of synchronization.

[0013]

[Effect of the device]

 Therefore, according to the lubrication structure of the transmission of the present invention, the effect of the centrifugal force on the transfer of the lubricating oil is effectively utilized by the extremely simple structure of providing the lubricating oil storage means on one end side of the intermediate cone. Since it is possible to lubricate the two friction surfaces located on the outer side and the inner side in the radial direction almost uniformly, the lubricity of the inner friction surface is inferior to that of the outer friction surface as in the conventional case. There is no possibility of seizure occurring on the inner friction surface, and a practical effect that a good synchronizing action by the cones can be secured for a long period of time and contributes to the performance improvement of the transmission can be obtained. It is a thing.

Further, in this case, the lubrication oil passage is not formed inside each cone as in the conventional case, and the lubrication oil storage means is arranged outside the intermediate cone, so that the lubricity of each friction surface is not uniform. Therefore, it is not necessary to give unnecessary thickness to each cone, and it is possible to contribute to the promotion of downsizing and weight reduction of the device.

In particular, according to the lubrication structure of the transmission according to the second aspect, it is possible to surely prevent the operation of each cone from being hindered due to the excessive increase in the pressure of the lubricating oil due to the pressure adjusting action by the elastic deformation of the lip. Therefore, the effect of ensuring higher operational reliability can be obtained.

[0016]

【Example】

 Hereinafter, the lubrication structure of the transmission according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 shows a main part of a vehicle manual transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention. Reference numeral 1 denotes a rotary shaft that serves as an output portion of engine torque, and a speed change gear 2 integrally formed with a dog gear 3 on one side thereof is loosely rotatably fitted to the rotary shaft 1 and the dog gear 3 is provided. Synchro hubs 4 are spline-connected so as to closely face each other. A hub sleeve 8 which is axially displaced in association with the operation of a gear shift operation lever (not shown) is mounted on the outer peripheral portion of the synchro hub 4 via a key 9 and A synchronizing mechanism Z described later is arranged between the dog gear 3 and the dog gear 3.

The synchronizing mechanism Z, which is the subject of the present invention, is a so-called double-cone synchronizing mechanism including three cones, an outer cone 5, an intermediate cone 6 and an inner cone 7. The outer cone 5 has the largest diameter among the cones and is integrally formed by an annular body having a substantially L-shaped cross section, and the inner peripheral surface 5a thereof is a tapered surface. Moreover, the lining 61 is attached. The outer cone 5 is movably arranged between the dog gear 3 and the synchronizing hub 4.

The inner cone 7 is an annular body having the smallest diameter among the cones, and the outer peripheral surface 7 a is provided as a tapered surface and the lining 62 is provided here, while the inner peripheral surface 7 is a cylindrical surface. I am trying. Further, engaging claws 12, 12, ... Are projectingly provided at a small diameter end of the inner cone 7 at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction. The inner cone 7 has the engagement claws 12, 12, ... Engagement with the engagement protrusions 14, 14, ... Formed on the side surfaces of the synchro hub 4, respectively. The inner cone 7 is loosely fitted in the shoulder portion 25 of the ear 2, and therefore the inner cone 7 is rotated integrally with the synchronous hub 4 (that is, the rotary shaft 1).

The intermediate cone 6 is integrally formed of an annular body having a parallelogram-shaped cross-section with the outer peripheral surface 6a and the inner peripheral surface 6b facing each other in parallel. 6a is the first friction surface 41 for the outer cone 5, and the inner peripheral surface 6b is the second friction surface 42 for the inner cone 7. Further, the large-diameter-side end portion of the intermediate cone 6 (corresponding to one end portion in the scope of utility model registration claims) has engaging claws 11, 11 of appropriate sizes outward in the axial direction. A plurality (4 in this embodiment, see FIG. 2) are provided at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction. The intermediate cone 6 is arranged between the outer cone 5 and the inner cone 7 with the engaging claws 11, 11, ... Directed to the dog gear 3 side. The engaging claws 11, 11, ... Are engaged in a plurality of engaging holes 13, 13 ,. Therefore, the intermediate cone 6 can rotate integrally with the dog gear 3 and the transmission gear 2.

In the state where the above cones 5 to 7 are assembled between the synchro hub 4 and the dog gear 3, the end of the intermediate cone 6 on the small diameter side (the other one in the scope of utility model registration claims) A hub-side annular gap 19 of a predetermined size is formed on the outer side (corresponding to the end portion). Further, in FIG. 1, reference numeral 15 denotes a “corner-shaped” peripheral member projecting on the side of the synchronizing hub 4, and the end portion of the outer cone 5 is positioned directly inside the peripheral member 15. There is.

When the synchronizing mechanism Z configured as described above is arranged between the synchronizing hub 4 and the dog gear 3, the key 9 is axially displaced in accordance with the gear shift operation, and the key 9 is applied to the outer cone 5. When a force is applied to press the dog gear 3 toward the dog gear 3, a predetermined frictional force acts on the friction surfaces 41 and 42 between the cones by the pressing force, and the rotational force of the synchro hub 4 is the inner cone 7 and the intermediate cone. It is transmitted to the dog gear 3 side via 6 and the dog gear 3 is synchronized with the synchronizing hub 4. As a result, the meshing between the hub sleeve 8 and the dog gear 3 is performed smoothly and reliably, and a predetermined gear shift is achieved.

By the way, in the so-called double-cone type synchronous mechanism Z having the three cones 5 to 7 as described above, a large friction force acts on each friction surface, so that the friction surfaces are sufficiently lubricated to prevent seizure. It is necessary to ensure a smooth and highly reliable synchronizing action for a long period of time by preventing it. However, if lubricating oil is simply supplied to each friction surface 41, 42, it is necessary to provide each friction surface 41, 42. As described above, the difference in centrifugal force at 42 may cause the lubricating oil to be biased toward the first friction surface 41 located on the radially outer side, resulting in insufficient lubricity at the inner second friction surface 42. .. Therefore, in this embodiment, the inventions of the present application are applied to achieve substantially uniform lubrication of the friction surfaces 41 and 42, thereby preventing the occurrence of defects such as seizure in advance. I am doing it.

That is, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, one end of the synchro hub 4 communicates with the shaft side lubricating oil passage 31 on the rotary shaft 1 side, and the other end of the synchro hub 4 has the other end. While forming a hub side lubricating oil passage 32 that opens to the side surface of the synchronizing hub 4 and faces the hub side annular gap 19, an oil seal 20 described later is arranged at the large diameter end of the intermediate cone 6. is doing.

The oil seal 20 corresponds to the lubricating oil storage means in the scope of utility model registration claims, and is integrally formed in an annular shape by a rubber material having a predetermined elasticity. That is, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the oil seal 20 is formed by continuously forming an annular base material portion 21 having a predetermined width in the radial direction and inner and outer edge portions of the base material portion 21. It has a substantially U-shaped cross-sectional shape including a pair of lip portions 22 and 23. Furthermore, in the base material portion 21 of the oil seal 20, the engaging openings 24, 24, ... Having a size capable of being elastically engaged with the engaging claws 11, 1 ,.・ Is formed.

As shown in FIG. 1, the oil seal 20 formed in this manner has the respective engaging openings 24, 24, ... With the respective lip portions 22, 23 facing the intermediate cone 6 side. By engaging the above-mentioned engaging claws 11, 11, ... With elastic force, they are locked to the side portion of the intermediate cone 6. Then, in the state of being locked to the engaging claws 11, 11, ..., The lip portions 22 and 23 are brought into contact with the end faces of the outer cone 5 and the inner cone 7 with a predetermined pressing force. A seal-side annular gap 30 is formed on the large-diameter end side of the intermediate cone 6 to cover the ends of the friction surfaces 41 and 42 in a communicating state by the oil seal 20.

When the oil seal 20 is provided on the large-diameter end side of the intermediate cone 6 as described above, the lubricating oil supplied to the hub-side annular gap 19 through the hub-side lubricating oil passage 32 is synchronized with the synchronous hub. 4 and the like are pushed outward in the radial direction by the centrifugal force caused by the rotation, and the hydraulic pressure in the hub side annular gap 19 is higher on the first friction surface 41 side than on the second friction surface 42 side. As a result, the lubricating oil in the hub-side annular gap 19 gradually leaks mainly to the seal-side annular gap 30 through the gap of the first friction surface 41, and the first friction surface 41 portion is sufficiently leaked during this period. Lubricate to. In this case, the peripheral edge member 15 projecting from the synchronizing hub 4 can appropriately prevent the lubricating oil from moving further outward in the radial direction from the hub-side annular gap 19, and thus the lubricating oil The supply to the first rubbing surface 41 side can be ensured.

On the other hand, the lubricating oil leaking to the seal side annular gap 30 side and stored therein is relatively high under the influence of the centrifugal force acting on the first friction surface 41 portion, It leaks into the gap on the second friction surface 42 side and is returned to the hub side annular gap 19, and at that time, the second friction surface 42 is sufficiently lubricated.

In this way, the lubricating oil circulates in the order of the hub-side annular gap 19 → the first friction surface 41 → the seal-side annular gap 30 → the hub-side annular gap 19 due to the transfer action due to the centrifugal force. Therefore, the first friction surface 41 and the second friction surface 42, which are different in the influence of the centrifugal force, are almost uniformly lubricated regardless of the existence of the centrifugal force. Even in the case of seizure, the occurrence of defects such as seizure can be prevented in advance, and as a result, the performance of the transmission can be maintained in a good state for a long time and its reliability can be improved. is there.

Further, in this case, since the oil seal 20 is made of an elastic material and is elastically pressed against the outer cone 5 and the inner cone 7 via the lip portions 22 and 23, the seal side annular ring When the hydraulic pressure in the gap 30 rises above a certain level, the respective lip portions 22 and 23 are deformed under the pressure to leak a part of the lubricating oil to the outside, thereby preventing an abnormal rise in the hydraulic pressure. Therefore, high-pressure lubricating oil does not enter the friction surfaces 41 and 42 to hinder the operation of the cones 5 to 7, and higher reliability can be obtained.

Further, in this embodiment, the lubricity of the friction surfaces 41 and 42 is ensured by a simple structure in which the oil seal 20 is locked to the end portion of the intermediate cone 6. Therefore, it can be applied to existing models as it is with almost no specification changes, and its versatility is extremely high. Further, unlike the conventional case, since the lubricating oil passage is not formed in the outer cone 5 and the inner cone 7, it is not necessary to increase the thickness of each cone 5 and 7 more than necessary, which contributes to downsizing and weight saving of the device. It is possible.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a main part of a transmission including a lubrication structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view of the oil seal shown in FIG.

3 is a sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 is a rotary shaft, 2 is a speed change gear, 3 is a dog gear, 4 is a synchronizing hub, 5 is an outer cone, 6 is an intermediate cone, 7 is an inner cone, 8 is a hub sleeve, 11 and 12 are engaging claws, and 13 is an engagement. A fitting hole, 14 is an engaging protrusion, 15 is a peripheral member, 19 is a hub-side annular gap, 20 is an oil seal, 21
Is a base material portion, 22 and 23 are lip portions, 24 is an engagement opening,
30 is a seal side annular clearance, 31 is a shaft side lubricating oil passage, 32
Is a hub side lubricating oil passage, 41 is a first friction surface, 42 is a second friction surface, 43 is a third friction surface, 61 is an outer lining, and 62 is an inner lining.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Creator Katsufumi Oda 3-1, Shinchi, Fuchu-cho, Aki-gun, Hiroshima Mazda Motor Corporation

Claims (2)

[Scope of utility model registration request] 1. A synchronous hub that meshes with a rotary shaft to rotate integrally therewith, a transmission gear that is loosely fitted to the rotary shaft coaxially with the synchronous hub, and meshes with an outer peripheral portion of the synchronous hub. Of the hub sleeve, which is slidably displaceable in the axial direction thereof, and is selectively meshed with the hub sleeve between the synchro hub and the transmission gear in accordance with the sliding displacement of the hub sleeve to rotate the synchro hub. To the transmission gear, an annular outer cone disposed between the synchronizing hub and the dog gear, which is meshable with the hub sleeve by axial displacement of the hub sleeve, and a radial direction of the outer cone. An inner ring-shaped inner cone that is placed inside and that rotates together with the synchro hub and the outer cone and inner ring The outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral surface are arranged between the outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral surface of the cone, respectively, and serve as friction surfaces for the outer cone and the inner cone, respectively, and the dog gear is rotated in the rotational direction through a plurality of engaging projections provided on one end surface of the cone. In the transmission having an annular intermediate cone engaged with the intermediate cone, a lubricating oil passage for introducing the lubricating oil supplied from the rotary shaft to the other end side of the intermediate cone is formed in the synchro hub. On the other hand, on the one end side of the intermediate cone, there is a lubricating oil storage means which is locked to each engaging claw of the intermediate cone and integrally covers the vicinity of the ends of the two friction surfaces, the inner and outer friction surfaces. A lubrication structure for a transmission, which is provided. 2. The annular base material portion according to claim 1, wherein the lubricating oil storage means covers an outer side of one end portion of the intermediate cone, and a radially outer position and an inner position of the base material portion. Each of the outer cones is formed of an elastic material having a substantially U-shaped cross-section with a lip portion that is brought into contact with the end surface of the outer cone and the end surface of the inner cone with an appropriate pressing force. Lubrication structure of the transmission characterized by.