JPH0562439B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0562439B2 JPH0562439B2 JP1128616A JP12861689A JPH0562439B2 JP H0562439 B2 JPH0562439 B2 JP H0562439B2 JP 1128616 A JP1128616 A JP 1128616A JP 12861689 A JP12861689 A JP 12861689A JP H0562439 B2 JPH0562439 B2 JP H0562439B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- conductive polymer
- electrode
- electrodes
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 79
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004709 Chlorinated polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010382 chemical cross-linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001688 coating polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011231 conductive filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001179 medium density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004701 medium-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005382 thermal cycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/02—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient
- H01C7/027—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient consisting of conducting or semi-conducting material dispersed in a non-conductive organic material
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
- Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Apparatuses And Processes For Manufacturing Resistors (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US75014976A | 1976-12-13 | 1976-12-13 | |
| US750149 | 1976-12-13 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP52149792A Division JPS6057192B2 (ja) | 1976-12-13 | 1977-12-13 | 電極と導電性重合体とからなる手段およびその製造方法 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0256886A JPH0256886A (ja) | 1990-02-26 |
| JPH0562439B2 true JPH0562439B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1993-09-08 |
Family
ID=25016715
Family Applications (4)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP52149792A Expired JPS6057192B2 (ja) | 1976-12-13 | 1977-12-13 | 電極と導電性重合体とからなる手段およびその製造方法 |
| JP1128616A Granted JPH0256886A (ja) | 1976-12-13 | 1989-05-22 | 自己制御性ストリップヒーター |
| JP1128617A Granted JPH0256887A (ja) | 1976-12-13 | 1989-05-22 | 自己制御ストリップヒーター |
| JP2286933A Granted JPH03257783A (ja) | 1976-12-13 | 1990-10-23 | ヒーターの製造方法 |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP52149792A Expired JPS6057192B2 (ja) | 1976-12-13 | 1977-12-13 | 電極と導電性重合体とからなる手段およびその製造方法 |
Family Applications After (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1128617A Granted JPH0256887A (ja) | 1976-12-13 | 1989-05-22 | 自己制御ストリップヒーター |
| JP2286933A Granted JPH03257783A (ja) | 1976-12-13 | 1990-10-23 | ヒーターの製造方法 |
Country Status (10)
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4238812A (en) * | 1978-12-01 | 1980-12-09 | Raychem Corporation | Circuit protection devices comprising PTC elements |
| AU530836B2 (en) * | 1979-05-10 | 1983-07-28 | Sunbeam Corp. | Heating element |
| CA1156300A (en) * | 1980-04-01 | 1983-11-01 | Gordon S. Carlson | Electric blanket safety circuit |
| US4591700A (en) * | 1980-05-19 | 1986-05-27 | Raychem Corporation | PTC compositions |
| CA1168433A (en) * | 1980-05-19 | 1984-06-05 | Umesh K. Sopory | Ptc conductive polymers and devices comprising them |
| US4309596A (en) * | 1980-06-24 | 1982-01-05 | Sunbeam Corporation | Flexible self-limiting heating cable |
| EP0250776B1 (en) | 1983-06-30 | 1992-06-10 | RAYCHEM CORPORATION (a Delaware corporation) | Method for detecting and obtaining information about changes in variables |
| GB8623082D0 (en) * | 1986-09-25 | 1986-10-29 | Raychem Gmbh | Heated conduit |
| DE4024268A1 (de) * | 1990-07-31 | 1992-02-06 | Lehmann & Voss & Co | Elektrisch leitfaehiges kunststoffelement und seine verwendung |
| DE4307371A1 (de) * | 1993-03-09 | 1994-09-15 | Hit Hillesheim Innovations Und | Beheizbare Leitung für ein Strömungsmedium |
| DE4426188A1 (de) * | 1994-07-23 | 1996-01-25 | Mekra Rangau Plastics | Außenspiegel für Kraftfahrzeuge |
| CN113635534A (zh) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-11-12 | 芜湖佳宏新材料股份有限公司 | 一种降低导电聚合物和金属导体接触电阻的工艺方法 |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB828334A (en) * | 1956-10-30 | 1960-02-17 | British Insulated Callenders | Improvements in or relating to electrically conductive non-metallic materials |
| US3861029A (en) * | 1972-09-08 | 1975-01-21 | Raychem Corp | Method of making heater cable |
| JPS5432173B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1974-03-29 | 1979-10-12 | ||
| JPS5530669B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1974-03-29 | 1980-08-12 | ||
| US4177376A (en) * | 1974-09-27 | 1979-12-04 | Raychem Corporation | Layered self-regulating heating article |
| CA1100561A (en) * | 1975-12-08 | 1981-05-05 | Stephen H. Diaz | Apertured deformable laminar heating elements |
-
1977
- 1977-12-07 GB GB50916/77A patent/GB1600256A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-07 GB GB26479/80A patent/GB1600257A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-09 AU AU31394/77A patent/AU515034B2/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-09 FR FR7737164A patent/FR2392572A1/fr active Granted
- 1977-12-10 DE DE19772755077 patent/DE2755077A1/de active Granted
- 1977-12-12 BE BE183389A patent/BE861776A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-12-12 NO NO774258A patent/NO147735C/no unknown
- 1977-12-12 CA CA292,832A patent/CA1106890A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-13 NL NL7713800A patent/NL185545C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-12-13 JP JP52149792A patent/JPS6057192B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1977-12-13 SE SE7714126A patent/SE434587B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1983
- 1983-07-19 SE SE8304042A patent/SE447781B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1985
- 1985-08-09 CA CA000488467A patent/CA1206507B/en not_active Expired
- 1985-10-28 SE SE8505088A patent/SE8505088L/ not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1989
- 1989-05-22 JP JP1128616A patent/JPH0256886A/ja active Granted
- 1989-05-22 JP JP1128617A patent/JPH0256887A/ja active Granted
-
1990
- 1990-10-23 JP JP2286933A patent/JPH03257783A/ja active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE8304042D0 (sv) | 1983-07-19 |
| JPS5395298A (en) | 1978-08-21 |
| SE7714126L (sv) | 1978-06-14 |
| CA1106890A (en) | 1981-08-11 |
| GB1600257A (en) | 1981-10-14 |
| DE2755077A1 (de) | 1978-06-29 |
| NL185545C (nl) | 1995-01-16 |
| CA1206507B (en) | 1986-06-24 |
| AU515034B2 (en) | 1981-03-12 |
| JPH0559557B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1993-08-31 |
| GB1600256A (en) | 1981-10-14 |
| SE434587B (sv) | 1984-07-30 |
| FR2392572A1 (fr) | 1978-12-22 |
| JPH053120B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1993-01-14 |
| AU3139477A (en) | 1979-06-14 |
| NO774258L (no) | 1978-06-14 |
| SE447781B (sv) | 1986-12-08 |
| NO147735B (no) | 1983-02-21 |
| NL7713800A (nl) | 1978-06-15 |
| SE8505088D0 (sv) | 1985-10-28 |
| NO147735C (no) | 1983-06-01 |
| NL185545B (nl) | 1989-12-01 |
| SE8304042L (sv) | 1983-07-19 |
| BE861776A (fr) | 1978-06-12 |
| DE2755077C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1987-06-11 |
| JPH0256886A (ja) | 1990-02-26 |
| FR2392572B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1984-03-30 |
| JPS6057192B2 (ja) | 1985-12-13 |
| JPH03257783A (ja) | 1991-11-18 |
| JPH0256887A (ja) | 1990-02-26 |
| SE8505088L (sv) | 1985-10-28 |
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