JPH0561521A - Numerical controller - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a numerical control NC device which can perform the machining at a high speed and with high accuracy. CONSTITUTION:A program generation means 13 generates curved surface machining program from the code and the parameter which instruct the machining of a curved surface when this machining is instructed base on the parameter data on an object to be machined. A tool locus generation means 15 generates the curved surface machining tool locus data from the tool locus code and the parameter which instruct the curved surface machining when the tool locus data is generated from the curved surface machining program. Then a shift command generation means 17 produces the shift command data including the tool radius offset from the curved surface machining tool locus data.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a numerical control device (hereinafter referred to as NC device) for numerically controlling a processing machine.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 14 is a schematic block diagram showing a conventional NC device. The NC device 30 inputs an NC program for processing a workpiece (hereinafter referred to as a work) from the host computer 31 to the NC program input section 32 via the communication line 40 and stores it in the NC program storage section 33. To do.

When the NC device 30 starts execution, the NC program analysis unit 34 reads the NC program from the NC program storage unit 33, converts it into movement command data, and outputs it to the pulse distribution unit 35. Further, the NC program analysis unit 34 issues an instruction to the I / O control unit 37 to perform I / O control when I / O control is required. on the other hand,
The pulse distributor 35 distributes the movement command data based on the designated machining speed to create a speed command pulse, and outputs the command pulse to the servo controller 36.

The servo control unit 36 controls the processing machine 38 by the command pulse to perform NC processing on the work (not shown). At this time, the position information 39 from the processing machine 38 is fed back to the servo control unit 36 and used for servo control. The NC program storage unit 33
A large-capacity NC program that cannot be stored in the program is input from the external host computer 31 to the NC program input unit 32, and then directly output to the program analysis unit 34, and thereafter, processed in the same manner as described above.

Next, the process of creating an NC program used when processing a workpiece by the above NC device will be described by taking a case of processing a curved surface as an example. In the host computer 31, a curved surface to be processed is set as an ideal curved surface locus 151 as shown in FIG. 15, and this locus 151 is divided at an arbitrary pitch p. Then, the position of each point sequence q at the division point is calculated based on the expression representing the curved surface and the division pitch p. Then, each point sequence q is connected by a minute line segment t approximated by a straight line or a circular arc shown in FIG. 15, and an NC program for instructing a linear movement or a circular movement as shown in FIG. 18 is created. At this time,
The trajectory error between the ideal curved surface trajectory 161 and the minute line segment is shown in FIG.
As shown in, the locus error 162 when the division is performed with a small pitch (division pitch p ₁ ) is smaller than the locus error 163 when the division is performed with a large pitch (division pitch p ₂ ). Therefore, in order to improve the machining accuracy in the NC device, it has been required to create the NC program by making the division pitch of the ideal curved surface locus as small as possible.

[0006]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention
In the C device, when the curved surface is processed with high accuracy, the pitch is finely divided when dividing the ideal curved surface locus. However, when this method is used, the pitch is increased, so that the data amount of the NC program continuously interpolated by the minute line segment becomes large.

On the other hand, since there is a limit to the amount of data that can be analyzed in a fixed time, when the pitch is made fine and the amount of data becomes large as described above, the time required to analyze the NC program increases. Further, the processing speed by the NC program input from the host computer is limited by the communication speed of the communication line, but there is also a problem that using a high-speed communication line results in cost.

For the above reasons, there is a problem that if the processing is performed with high accuracy, the processing speed is reduced and it takes time. It is an object of the present invention to provide an NC device capable of high-speed machining with high accuracy in consideration of the above problems.

[0009]

To achieve the above object, in the present invention, an NC program is created from parameter data including machining conditions of a workpiece in a numerical control device which interpolates straight lines and curves to control machining. When instructing curved surface machining, an NC program creating means for creating a curved surface machining NC program including a code and a parameter for instructing the curved surface machining, and tool trajectory data including a tool radius offset from the NC program and parameter data are created. When creating the tool trajectory data from the curved surface machining NC program, the tool trajectory creating means for creating the curved surface machining tool trajectory data including the tool trajectory code for instructing the machining of the curved surface and the parameters, and the curved surface machining tool trajectory data Create movement command data per minute line segment length from the included tool trajectory data. In doing so, movement command creating means for creating movement command data including the tool radius offset from the curved surface machining tool trajectory data, storage means for storing the movement command data, and movement command data from the storage means. A position coordinate creating means for reading out and creating position coordinate data for each minute unit time and outputting the position coordinate data to the servo control unit is provided.

[0010]

According to the present invention, in the step of creating the NC program by the NC program creating means, the NC program for instructing the curved surface is used as the shape data and a parameter including the code for instructing the processing of the curved surface and the machining condition of the work (hereinafter, Curved surface machining NC program). That is, the curved surface is not interpolated by straight lines and circular arcs.

Therefore, conventionally, the NC program section (FIG. 1) for instructing curved surface processing approximated by linear movement and circular movement is used.
8 is represented as an AS code T, which is a code similar to the G code shown in FIG. 4, the data amount is reduced. Then, the curved surface machining NC program is converted into curved surface machining tool trajectory data composed of a tool trajectory code for instructing curved surface machining and parameters by the tool trajectory generation means, and then converted into movement command data by the movement command generation means.

As described above, according to the present invention, the data amount of the NC program for instructing the curved surface machining and the tool locus data is reduced, and the time required for the data processing is shortened. Further, regarding the curved surface machining portion, after the tool locus including the tool radius offset is formed in the movement command preparation portion, it is divided into minute line segment lengths, so that the calculation error for the offset is reduced and the machining accuracy is improved.

[0013]

1 is a schematic block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a parameter data creating means (not shown) for creating parameter data from an expression representing a shape of a work surface of a workpiece, a coefficient of the expression, a value of a radius of a tool to be used, the NC device 1, A processing machine 22 for processing a work (not shown) in response to a signal from the NC device 1.

The processing process in this embodiment will be described below. The NC device 1 uses the parameter data input unit 1 in advance to interactively enter the parameter data before machining the workpiece.
It is input from 1 and stored in the parameter data storage unit 12. The NC program creating unit 13 reads the parameter data from the parameter data storage unit 12, creates an NC program including the curved surface portion based on the data as shown in FIG. 2, and stores it in the NC program storage unit 14. ..

In the creation of the NC program, the NC program part for machining curved surface parts other than straight lines and circular arcs is
As shown in the figure, an AS code T as a code similar to the G code and parameter data W including the processing conditions shown in FIG.
And is stored in the NC program storage unit 14. That is, the curved surface portion is not calculated but is stored as the shape data in the code T and the parameter data W.

The tool locus creation unit 15 forms tool locus data from the NC program stored in the NC program storage unit 14 and the parameter data stored in the parameter data storage unit 12, and the tool locus data storage unit 16 stores the tool locus data. Remember. FIG. 4 shows a part of the process of calculating the tool trajectory in the tool trajectory generator 15. In FIG. 4, an NC program locus 41 included in the NC program indicates a locus of a work reference, and the locus is drawn from the starting point A in the order of B, C, D, E, F, and A. The section from B to E shows the locus of the part that is processing the work. In the locus, A to B, E to F to A indicate linear movements, B to C and D to E indicate circular arc movements, and C to D indicate curved surface movements other than linear and circular arcs.

The tool locus creating unit 15 uses the NC program locus 41 and the parameter data to machine portions A to B and E to F by linear movement and a machining portion B by circular movement.
For C to D and D to E, a tool locus 42 which is a tool-based movement locus (a locus in which a tool radius offset is taken into consideration) is calculated to create tool locus data. In addition, tool locus 4
The passing points G to J of 2 are B to E of the NC program locus 41.
It corresponds to each.

On the other hand, the tool loci HI of the tool locus 42 corresponding to the machining portions C to D caused by the movement of the curved surface are represented by the tool locus code U and the parameter V of the curved surface as shown in FIG. At this time, the code U and the parameter V are H
For the section from to I, the tool locus is not calculated, and the above N
The code T and the parameter data W in the C program are used. In this way, the tool trajectory data 42 corresponding to the NC program trajectory 41 is created.

If there are adjacent straight line portions P ₁ -P ₂ and P ₂ -P ₃ in the tool path as shown in FIG. 6, connection arcs P ₄ -P ₅ are formed as shown in FIG. Then, the two straight line portions are connected to create tool trajectory data.
The tool locus data created as described above is stored in the tool locus data storage unit 16.

The movement command creating section 17 reads out the tool trajectory data from the tool trajectory data storage section 16, divides the tool trajectory into minute line segment lengths u as shown in FIG. Create move command data. At this time, for the curved surface portion of the tool trajectory data, a tool trajectory in which the tool radius offset is considered from the tool trajectory data including the curved surface code and the parameter as shown in FIG. Split with. Then, the movement command data for this minute line segment is created. In this case, the movement command creating unit 17 causes the NC program locus 1 as shown in FIG.
A perpendicular line is drawn from 01 to find a point offset by the tool radius r. Then, these points are connected to create a tool locus 102, and at the same time, the tool locus corresponds to S _n , S _{n + 1} , and S _{n + 2} divided by the length of the minute line segment, as shown in FIG. Various movement command data.

As described above, for the curved surface portion, the movement command generation unit 1 is used for both the tool locus generation and the division into minute line segment lengths.
7, the amount of NC program and tool trajectory data can be reduced, and the error is reduced. Therefore, data can be created accurately. It should be noted that the length of the minute line segment is set to be a line segment length shorter than the minimum radius of the connecting arc as shown in FIG. 8 so that the vector change of the moving speed becomes small. Further, as shown in FIG. 12, the tool path 121 is divided at a predetermined pitch to divide the minute line segment S1.
When S1 to S6 are created, the directions are within a predetermined range and can be regarded as the same direction.
The amount of data is reduced by converting into compressed movement command data corresponding to one line segment L1. The movement command data thus obtained has a component (parameter) having a relationship between the tool speed and the unit time.

The movement command data storage unit 18 stores the movement command data created as described above. At the time of processing, the position coordinate creating unit 19 moves the movement command data storage unit 18
The sequential movement command data is read from, the position coordinate data for each minute unit time is created, and is output to the servo control unit 20. At this time, when the position coordinate creation unit 19 reads the compression movement command data, it is developed as a plurality of minute line segments of the tool trajectory data to create the position coordinate data. The position coordinate data is created by calculating the component having the relationship between the tool speed and the unit time.

The position coordinate creating section 19 also controls the processing machine 22 by issuing an input / output command to the I / O control section 21 if necessary. As described above, since the movement command data is premised on the calculation processing by the position coordinate creating means, the data amount can be small. Further, since the position coordinate data is created according to a minute unit time, it contains a component for controlling the processing speed. Therefore, the process of creating the speed command pulse based on the designated processing speed is unnecessary, and the time required for data processing can be shortened.

The system of this embodiment is shown in FIG.
Although it is configured as an NC device including all functional blocks as shown in FIG. 13, the NC device and the host computer may be configured with different functions as shown in FIG.

[0025]

According to the present invention, since the tool locus is created and the minute line segment length is divided for the curved surface portion by the movement command creating means, the amount of NC program and tool locus data is reduced. be able to. Therefore, the time required for data processing is shortened. Also, regarding the curved surface processing part, the movement command creation part forms a tool trajectory including a tool radius offset, and after that, it is processed by dividing it into minute line segment lengths, so the calculation error for the offset is reduced and the processing accuracy is improved. To do.

As a result, high-speed machining with high accuracy becomes possible.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of an NC program.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of parameter data used in the examples.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a part of a process of calculating a tool path.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a tool locus code and parameters created by a tool locus creating means.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing two adjacent straight lines in a tool path.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a state in which two straight lines of a tool path are connected to each other via a connecting arc.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a state in which the tool path is divided into line segment lengths shorter than the minimum radius in the connecting arc.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a state in which the tool locus is divided into minute line segment lengths.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a tool radius offset method performed when the movement command creating unit gives an instruction for curved surface machining.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of movement command data.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a state in which a tool path is divided by minute line segments.

FIG. 13 is a schematic block diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a schematic block diagram showing a conventional NC device.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a relationship between an ideal curved surface trajectory and a minute line segment.

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a relationship between a trajectory pitch error generated between an ideal curved surface trajectory and a minute line segment and a division pitch.

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of a conventional NC program for instructing the processing of a curved surface portion.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 NC device 22 processing machine 30 NC device 38 processing machine

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A numerical controller for performing machining control by interpolating straight lines and curves, creates an NC program from parameter data including machining conditions of a workpiece, and when instructing curved surface machining, the curved surface is machined. NC program creating means for creating a curved surface machining NC program consisting of codes and parameters to be instructed, tool trajectory data including a tool radius offset from the NC program and parameter data, and tool trajectory data from the curved surface machining NC program In the case of doing, tool locus creating means for creating curved surface machining tool locus data consisting of a tool locus code for instructing machining of a curved surface and parameters, and movement per minute line segment length from the tool locus data including the curved surface machining tool locus data When creating command data,
A movement command creating unit that creates movement command data from the curved surface machining tool trajectory data including the tool radius offset, a storage unit that stores the movement command data, and a minute unit that reads the movement command data from the storage unit. Position coordinate creating means for creating position coordinate data for each time and outputting the position coordinate data to the servo control unit,
And a numerical control device.