JPH0554017A - Simulation device for word order determination - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To rationalize a work order determining process to improve the management of a processing line by calculating candidates of the execution order of element works to be executed and calculating the preprocessing time required for each candidate of the order. CONSTITUTION:An allowable order of element works is calculated by an element work order candidate calculating means D; and for example, when works will be performed in the order of J3, J2 and J1, a work position WP1 for the element work J3, a work position WP2 for the element work J2, etc., are calculated by a work position calculating means B. An overall processing time calculating means E totalizes work times stored in an element work information storage means A and move times calculated by a move time calculating means C with respect to all works to calculate the overall processing time, An allowable time comparing means F compares the overall process ing time of each candidate of the work order with an allowable time to discriminate whether works can be executed within the allowable time or not. Thus, the work order determining process is facilitated to determine the rational work order in a short time.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention According to the present invention, a worker carries out a plurality of elemental operations on a work being conveyed, for example, "attaching component A", "tightening component A", "attaching component B" and the like. The present invention provides a work sequence determination simulation device used to determine in which order each elemental work is to be carried out in an upcoming production factory.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a factory where various works are carried, for example, the body of a car is subjected to various works to complete the car, it is necessary to decide in what order the works are to be carried out. Conventionally, in order to determine this order, a large number of forms are created by decomposing necessary work for each element work. Here, the element work is the minimum work unit such as "attachment of A component", "tightening of A component", "attachment of B component", and "inspection of attachment state of C component". Here, the "tightening of the A component" needs to be performed after the "attaching of the A component", and the order cannot be changed without necessity, but there are many operations that are not restricted in the order of execution. So conventionally,
The order of elemental work performed by a skilled worker is determined based on the form for each elemental work.

[0003]

However, in the case of carrying out an extremely large number of elementary works such as in an automobile factory, even a skilled worker needs a huge number of man-hours to determine a rational work order. To do. Furthermore, as a recent trend, many kinds of products are often produced on the same assembly line, which also complicates the work of determining the work order. Therefore, at the actual work site, the work order is usually determined only for standard products. For this reason, even if the product is a standard product, it is easy for the product that has many optional operations or that the work for a product other than the standard product is too late. In this case, the work order is reviewed again, and the work order is determined by a complicated and time-consuming method such as performing verification work on the actual processing line. The present invention is intended to solve the above problems by providing a simulation device for facilitating the determination of the work order.

[0004]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, in the present invention, a simulation device whose concept is schematically shown in FIG. 1, that is, a work W that is being conveyed.
In a production factory where workers carry out a plurality of elementary works, a simulation device for determining the order in which the elementary works are carried out. For each elementary work, the time required for the work and the work are carried out. Element work information storage means A for storing a place that needs to be approached, means D for calculating a candidate of the order of performing the element work, and element work according to the calculated order of candidates. At this time, from the means B for calculating the position of the work existing when performing each element work, and the information of the calculated work position and the place that needs to be approached to perform the element work, The means C for calculating the moving time of the worker and the total processing time when the work is performed according to the candidate of the work order based on at least the working time of each element work and the cumulative total of the moving time for each candidate of the work order. Calculation Means E that has developed working order determination simulation apparatus and a means F for comparing the total processing time calculated allowable time.

[0005]

According to the simulation apparatus having the above-described structure, the element work order candidate calculation means D calculates the order of possible element work, for example, J1 → J2 → J3 or J3 → J2 → J1. When the candidates of the order of the elemental work are calculated, the work position calculating means B positions the workpieces when the elemental work is performed based on the timing of performing each elemental work, for example, in the case of FIG. , J3 → J2
When the work is performed in the order of J1, the work positions WP1 and J2 when the element work of J3 is performed are calculated.

Further, among the works, there is a work that requires access to a specific place in order to take out parts and tools.
Therefore, the moving time calculating means C calculates the moving times WT1, WT2, etc. based on the calculated work positions WP1 ... And the places P1 .. The place that needs to be approached is stored in the element work information storage means A for each element work, and the moving time calculation means C refers to this to specify the approach required location. The total processing time calculating means E calculates the total processing time by accumulating the working times stored in the elementary work information storing means A and the moving times calculated by the moving time calculating means C for all the elemental works. Here, as shown in the upper part of FIG. 1, the moving distance and the moving time are different depending on the order of the element work. The permissible time comparison means F compares the total processing time with the permissible time for each candidate in the work order, and based on the order, compares whether or not work is possible within the permissible time. The above-described operation of the simulation device facilitates the process of determining the work order, and makes it possible to determine a rational work order in a short time.

[0007]

Next, an embodiment embodying the present invention will be described. As shown in FIG. 2, the simulation apparatus according to this embodiment comprises a computer system 10, a storage device 40 connected to the computer system 10, a keyboard 50, and a display 60. Below, the example which used this simulation apparatus for deciding the assembly work order of a motor vehicle is demonstrated.

The storage device 40 stores the element work information storage area 4
2 has stored therein information on all elemental work required for assembling an automobile. As shown in FIG. 3, the information about the element work is, for each element work, the element work code, the element work name, the work site, the work time, the code of the necessary part, and the shelf containing the part of the code The codes are stored in pairs. In the case of FIG. 3, the element work called “A part mounting” is stored by the code “100”, and the element work is executed in “front left” of the vehicle, which takes “15” seconds. For "A1, A2, A3"
Of parts are required and are housed in shelf "51". As shown in FIG. 6, the work parts are classified into 14 positions in total, and are specified by any one of them. Further, the storage device 40 has a shelf information storage area 43, in which a shelf storing parts and information regarding the location thereof are stored as a pair. One example is illustrated in FIG. The illustrated example illustrates that the shelf specified by the code “18” is present at the 0 / 10th position of the Nth process on the left (L) side of the Nth process in the production line. ..

Here, as shown in FIG. 5, one line is divided into a plurality of processes, and the N process means the Nth process from the beginning. The 0/10 place in the Nth step indicates the 0th position when the length of the Nth step is divided into 10 equal parts. In this way, the position of the shelf is stored for each shelf. Further, the storage device 40 has an area 44 for storing vehicle type information. As shown in FIG. 8, a vehicle type and elemental work required for production of the vehicle type are stored in association with each other. In the figure, (a) shows the vehicle models equipped with all the options, and illustrates that all the elemental work is required to produce this. On the other hand, it is 10
1 element work illustrates that 135 element work is unnecessary in the vehicle of U.

In addition to the above, the storage device 40 is provided with an area 45 for storing production information, in which the number of vehicles planned to be produced (production per day) as shown in FIG. The number of units) is stored. Note that these pieces of information are input and stored in the storage device 40 by the operator using the keyboard 50. Further, the storage device 40 has an area 41 for storing the assigned elemental work, in which all the elemental work are divided for each process and stored in association with the process. In the case of FIG. 7, it is illustrated that the element work 100, 101, 135, 187, 188, 189 is assigned to be executed in the Nth step, and is input and stored. Note that this assignment is made by a skilled worker in consideration of the equipment of the processing line.

The computer system 10 includes an area 20 for storing programs and an area 3 for temporarily storing data.
0, and this program executes a simulation for determining the order in which the element work assigned to each process is performed.

10 and 11 show a computer system 10.
3 shows the procedure of the process executed by the keyboard 50, and the element work assigned to each process in step S2 is performed by the keyboard 50.
And stores it in the allocation element work storage area 41. In the storage device 40, data is previously stored in the areas 42 to 45. Step S4 is for each process
The time to finish the element work assigned to each process, that is, the allowable time is input, and the process of storing this in the storage area 36 is executed.

In step S6, a process of calculating all possible elemental works in the order of carrying out a plurality of elemental works assigned to one process and storing them in the work order candidate storage area 31 is executed. Of the elemental work in FIG. 3, the Nth
An example will be given of the case where the element works “100”, “101”, and “135” are assigned to the process. Element work 101 cannot be performed prior to element work 100, but if element work 100 and 135 do not occur before and after the execution, all the orders allowed under this constraint, that is, 100 → 101 → 135. And 135 → 100 → 10
1 and 100 → 135 → 101 are calculated. Other orders violate the above constraints and are not calculated.

A step S8 sequentially searches for one of the sequential candidates. In step S10, one of the vehicle types is sequentially searched. In step S12, the vehicle type retrieved in step S10 and the element work necessary for production of the vehicle type are retrieved from the information in FIG. In step S14, step S8
According to the work order retrieved in step S12, when performing the necessary element work retrieved in step S12, the position of the work existing when performing each work and the walking time of the worker are calculated.

In step S8, for example, 100 → 1
A case in which the order of 01 → 135 is searched will be described. As shown in FIG. 12, a worker at the start point at the start of the N-th process starts from the shelf 51 to the parts A1, A2, A3 required for the work 100. Based on the take-out time, the work position at the start of the Nth step, the walking speed of the worker, and the work transfer speed, the work part of the work to be transferred by the worker (in this example, the front part of the vehicle) The position reaching the left side (that is, the work position at the start of element work,
(Shown in Medium WP1) and walking time are calculated. The calculated work position and moving time are stored in the areas 32 and 33, respectively.

In step S15, the work position WP2 at the end of execution of the element work is calculated from the work time for carrying out the element work and the work transfer speed. Next, for example, when the element work 101 is finished,
Shelf 1 once to carry out element work 135 to be carried out next
I have to go back to 8. Therefore, in step S16, a shelf that needs to be approached for the next element work is calculated, and the walking time is calculated from the work position at the end of the work in step S15 and the shelf position searched in step S16 (S17).
Here, when moving from the element work 100 to 101, 101
Has no shelves that require access, so step S16
No shelf code is detected in step S17, and the walking time becomes zero in step S17.

In this way, as the walking → work → walking is repeated and the work progresses, the time required for it accumulates (S20), and the entire calculation of the elementary work assigned to the process is completed. Continues to accumulate. When the calculation is completed for all the assigned elemental work (S2
If YES in step 2), when the work is performed in the order searched in step S8, the total processing time required to execute the work for the vehicle searched in step S10 is obtained. This is stored in area 34.

In step S24, in order to weight and average the total processing time thus obtained, the total processing for that vehicle is added to the number of vehicles produced (see FIG. 9) searched in step S10. Multiply by time and accumulate this for each car model. When it is determined in step S26 that the accumulation for all vehicle types has been completed, this is divided by the total number of vehicles produced for all vehicle types to calculate the average time per vehicle (S2).
8). This is stored in area 35. Here, the average work time obtained in S28 is the average work time per machine when performing the required work in the order searched in step S10.

The above processing is repeated for all the candidates for the work order, and when the average time is calculated for all the work orders, the work order with the minimum average time is searched (S32). This corresponds to the shortest walking time of the worker when working in this order,
This will find the most reasonable order. By the above processing, after the order is provisionally determined, it is checked whether or not this is practically possible. This is performed by the processing of FIG.

In step S34, it is compared whether or not the simulated average time is within the allowable time. If the average time is no, it is necessary to take measures such as reviewing the allocation of element work (S50).

If YES in step S34, the check in step S38 is executed. Here, the total processing time and the allowable time for the vehicle type with the largest amount of work are compared. If it is within the allowable time, the next check is performed as it is, but if it is not within the allowable time, it is checked in step S40 whether or not interference actually occurs. For example, as shown in FIG. 13, the work performed in the N-th step exceeding the allowable time is 1
88 and 187, both of which are left rear operations. On the other hand, the first work site in the N + 1th step is left 2
In that case, although the work of the Nth process is over, it does not actually interfere and does not delay the next process, so that the work order is not yet unexecutable. Step S4
If it is determined that no interference occurs even if the vehicle requires a maximum work amount of 0, the process returns to the check after step S42. Step S42 is to increase and correct the average time in consideration of the fact that the work is delayed for some reason.
For example, in a line where it is empirically known that a delay of about 15% may occur, the average time is multiplied by 1.15. Even in this case, if it is still within the allowable time, the result in S44 is YES, and in this case, it is expected that no problem will occur even if this order is adopted. The result is displayed on the display 60. On the other hand, if there is a delay and it is not necessary to reach the allowable time, step S44 becomes NO, and step S46 compares whether or not interference actually occurs. If there is no interference here, that order may be adopted, and step S4
Go to 8.

On the other hand, if interference occurs in any of steps S34, S40 and S46, even if machining is performed in that order (the optimum order is calculated in this order), inconvenience still occurs. Is shown. Therefore, necessary processing such as redistributing the work assigned to the Nth process to other processes is performed (S50), and step S2 and subsequent steps are executed again. Note that, in FIG. 12, the solid line indicates the walking route and the broken line indicates the movement during the actual work. Work 135 in the figure is 10
Although the work 135 is started later than the work 0, the work start point of the work 135 is on the left side because the work 135 is a work on the left rear position.

According to the present embodiment, whether or not the average work of the day is within the permissible time in the line for producing a large number of products, and whether or not the high-load product is within the average time, is a reality. Whether or not interference occurs, or the presence or absence of interference when a delay occurs, can be accurately predicted by simulation, and the process of determining the work order can be made efficient. Further, since an unreasonable allocation is discovered in advance and an opportunity to correct it is created, the allocation to each process can be rationalized. In the present embodiment, since the work is a large body such as the vehicle body, the information on the work site is used to accurately calculate the movement time. If the work is small, it is not necessary to consider the work site. In the case of the present embodiment, the work position calculating means B, the moving time calculating means C, the total processing time calculating means E, and the allowable time comparing means F are constituted by the computer system 10, and easily change and correct the data. it can.

[0024]

According to the present invention, the candidates of the order in which the element work to be performed are to be calculated are calculated, and the total processing time required when the element work is executed in that order is calculated for each of the candidates in each order. Therefore, it becomes possible to retrieve the most reasonable order from the candidates of order in a short time, and to predict in advance whether or not the order can be processed within the allowable time. Therefore, the process of determining the work order is rationalized, and the management of the processing line is improved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing the concept of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a system of an embodiment embodying the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing element work information.

FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing shelf information.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing how to indicate a shelf position.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing how to indicate a work site.

FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically showing allocation element work information.

FIG. 8 is a diagram schematically showing vehicle type information.

FIG. 9 is a diagram schematically showing production information.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a processing procedure by the computer system 10.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a processing procedure by the computer system 10.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing positions of workers.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a work content of a worker.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A simulation device for determining the order in which a worker carries out a plurality of elemental works on a conveyed work, in order to determine the order in which the elemental works are carried out. , The element work information storage means for storing the time required for the work and the place where it is necessary to approach for performing the work, the means for calculating the candidates for the order of performing the element work, and the calculated order. When carrying out element work according to the candidate of
The movement of the worker from the means for calculating the position of the existing work when performing each elemental work, and the information on the calculated work position and the location that must be approached to perform the elemental work A means for calculating the time, a means for calculating the total processing time when the work is performed according to the candidate of the work order based on at least the work time of each element work and the cumulative total of the moving time for each candidate of the work order, And a means for comparing the calculated total processing time with an allowable time.