JPH0552032B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0552032B2 JPH0552032B2 JP59032891A JP3289184A JPH0552032B2 JP H0552032 B2 JPH0552032 B2 JP H0552032B2 JP 59032891 A JP59032891 A JP 59032891A JP 3289184 A JP3289184 A JP 3289184A JP H0552032 B2 JPH0552032 B2 JP H0552032B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- electrode
- phosphoric acid
- fuel cell
- thick
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005056 cell body Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0002—Aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0005—Acid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0008—Phosphoric acid-based
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は、リン酸型燃料電池用触媒の改良に関
するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to improvements in catalysts for phosphoric acid fuel cells.
燃料電池の基本原理は、水の電気分解とは逆の
反応を利用して、H2とO2と電気化学的に反応さ
せて水を生成し直接起電するもので、このH2と
O2の電気化学的反応に於いては触媒を必要とす
る。 The basic principle of a fuel cell is to use a reaction opposite to the electrolysis of water to electrochemically react with H 2 and O 2 to generate water and directly generate electricity.
The electrochemical reaction of O 2 requires a catalyst.
燃料電池本体は、多孔質のカーボン電極の間
に、電解質マトリツクスを挟んだもので、両側の
カーボン電極には一般にPt系合金の触媒が担持
されている。そしてこの燃料電池本体の両電極の
側にO2とH2が夫々溜められるような構造の素子
が配されている。 The fuel cell body has an electrolyte matrix sandwiched between porous carbon electrodes, and a Pt-based alloy catalyst is generally supported on both carbon electrodes. Elements configured to store O 2 and H 2 respectively are arranged on both electrode sides of the fuel cell main body.
前記電解質マトリツクスに封入される電解液の
種類により、燃料電池はアルカリ型、リン酸型、
溶融炭酸塩型、固体電解質型等があるが、特にリ
ン酸型燃料電池では、電極反応での活性化分極が
大きいので、これを低減させる為に活性な電極触
媒の使用が必須であり、触媒としてPtを欠かす
ことができない。 Depending on the type of electrolyte sealed in the electrolyte matrix, fuel cells can be of alkaline type, phosphoric acid type,
There are molten carbonate type, solid electrolyte type, etc., but especially in phosphoric acid type fuel cells, the activation polarization in the electrode reaction is large, so it is essential to use an active electrode catalyst to reduce this. As such, Pt is indispensable.
ところでPtは触媒活性が高いが、H2の吸蔵が
体積の100倍程度で放電特性が十分満足できるも
のとは云えないものである。放電特性を上げるに
はPtの触媒量を増やせば良いが、Ptは高価であ
るので、その触媒量を減らす為に種々の電極材料
についての研究がなされている。 By the way, although Pt has a high catalytic activity, it cannot be said that the discharge characteristics are sufficiently satisfactory because the amount of H 2 absorbed is about 100 times the volume. In order to improve the discharge characteristics, it is possible to increase the amount of Pt catalyst, but since Pt is expensive, research is being carried out on various electrode materials in order to reduce the amount of catalyst.
本発明は斯かる実情に鑑みて、触媒活性が高
く、しかもガス透過性が高く且つ放電特性に優れ
たリン酸型燃料電池用触媒を開発すべく鋭意攻究
の結果、大概満足できる触媒を見い出した。 In view of these circumstances, the present invention has conducted intensive research to develop a catalyst for phosphoric acid fuel cells that has high catalytic activity, high gas permeability, and excellent discharge characteristics, and as a result has found a catalyst that is generally satisfactory. Ta.
本発明のリン酸型燃料電池用触媒は、Pd中に
Ptを５〜15wt％含有するPd−Pt合金である。 The phosphoric acid fuel cell catalyst of the present invention contains Pd.
It is a Pd-Pt alloy containing 5 to 15 wt% of Pt.
本発明のリン酸燃料電池用触媒に於いて、Pd
を主成分とした理由は、触媒活性がPtよりも低
いが、H2の吸蔵が体積の800程度でガス透過性が
高く、且つ放電特性が極めて優れていて、しかも
Ptよりも安価であるからである。またPtをPdに
５〜15wt％添加して合金化した理由は、触媒活
性に優れたPtを効率良く作用させるべく分子の
状態で分散する為で、5wt％未満では触媒作用が
不十分で、15wt％を越えるとガス透過性が低く
なり、且つ放電特性が不十分となるものである。 In the catalyst for phosphoric acid fuel cells of the present invention, Pd
The reason for using Pt as the main component is that although its catalytic activity is lower than that of Pt, it can store about 800 H 2 by volume, has high gas permeability, and has extremely excellent discharge characteristics.
This is because it is cheaper than Pt. In addition, the reason why Pt is added to Pd by 5 to 15 wt% to form an alloy is to disperse Pt, which has excellent catalytic activity, in a molecular state so that it can work efficiently.If it is less than 5 wt%, the catalytic action is insufficient. When it exceeds 15 wt%, gas permeability becomes low and discharge characteristics become insufficient.
次に本発明のリン酸型燃料電池用触媒の具体的
な実施例と従来例について説明する。 Next, specific examples and conventional examples of the phosphoric acid fuel cell catalyst of the present invention will be described.
実施例 １
PbにPtを10wt％添加して合金化したPd−Pt合
金の粉末をカーボン電極（0.50mm厚）上に焼付塗
装して100μｍ厚の触媒層を形成した。Example 1 Pd-Pt alloy powder, which was alloyed by adding 10 wt% of Pt to Pb, was baked onto a carbon electrode (0.50 mm thick) to form a 100 μm thick catalyst layer.
実施例 ２
PdにPtを5wt％添加して合金化したPd−Pt合
金をカーボン電極（0.50mm厚）上にめつきして
10μｍ厚の触媒層を形成した。Example 2 A Pd-Pt alloy made by adding 5 wt% of Pt to Pd was plated on a carbon electrode (0.50 mm thick).
A catalyst layer with a thickness of 10 μm was formed.
実施例 ３
PdにPtを8wt％添加して合金化したPd−Pt合
金より成る150μｍの箔をカーボン電極（0.50mm
厚）上に接合して触媒層を形成した。Example 3 A carbon electrode (0.50 mm
(thick) to form a catalyst layer.
実施例 ４
Pdにptを10wt％添加して合金化したPd−Pt合
金の塩の溶液をカーボン電極に含浸させ、還元し
てPd−Pt合金の触媒を担持した。Example 4 A carbon electrode was impregnated with a salt solution of a Pd-Pt alloy made by adding 10 wt% of pt to Pd and reduced to support a Pd-Pt alloy catalyst.
従来例 １
Ptの粉末をカーボン電極（0.50mm厚）上に焼付
塗装して100μｍ厚の触媒層を形成した。Conventional Example 1 Pt powder was baked onto a carbon electrode (0.50 mm thick) to form a 100 μm thick catalyst layer.
従来例 ２
Ptをカーボン電極（0.50mm厚）上にめつきして
10μｍ厚の触媒層を形成した。Conventional example 2 Pt is plated on a carbon electrode (0.50mm thick)
A catalyst layer with a thickness of 10 μm was formed.
従来例 ３
Ptより成る150μｍの箔をカーボン電極（0.50mm
厚）上に接合して触媒層を形成した。Conventional example 3 A 150μm foil made of Pt is connected to a carbon electrode (0.50mm
(thick) to form a catalyst layer.
従来例 ４
Ptの塩の溶液をカーボン電極に含浸させ、還
元してPtの触媒を担持した。Conventional Example 4 A carbon electrode was impregnated with a Pt salt solution and reduced to support a Pt catalyst.
然してこれら実施例１〜４及び従来例１〜４の
電極触媒をリン酸型燃料電池の負極に用い、正極
にPt−Rh5wt％合金の粉末をカーボン電極（0.50
mm厚）上に焼付塗装して100μｍ厚の触媒層を形
成した電極触媒を用いて起電した処、第１図のグ
ラフに示すような発電特性が見られた。この第１
図のグラフで明らかなように実施例１〜４の電極
触媒を負極に用いたリン酸型燃料電池は従来例１
〜４の電極触媒を負極に用いたリン酸型燃料電池
に比べ発電特性に優れていることが判る。これは
ひとえに負極に用いた実施例１〜４の電極触媒
が、触媒活性に優れ、ガス透過性が高く且つ放電
特性が極めて優れているからに他ならない。 However, the electrode catalysts of Examples 1 to 4 and Conventional Examples 1 to 4 were used as the negative electrode of a phosphoric acid fuel cell, and the Pt-Rh5wt% alloy powder was used as a carbon electrode (0.50 wt%) for the positive electrode.
When electricity was generated using an electrode catalyst on which a 100 μm thick catalyst layer was formed by baking coating on a 100 μm thick catalyst layer, the power generation characteristics shown in the graph of Figure 1 were observed. This first
As is clear from the graph in the figure, the phosphoric acid fuel cell using the electrode catalysts of Examples 1 to 4 as the negative electrode is the conventional example 1.
It can be seen that the power generation characteristics are superior to the phosphoric acid fuel cells using the electrode catalysts No. 4 to 4 as the negative electrode. This is simply because the electrode catalysts of Examples 1 to 4 used for the negative electrode have excellent catalytic activity, high gas permeability, and extremely excellent discharge characteristics.
以上詳記した通り本発明のリン酸型燃料電池用
触媒は、Ptが分子の状態でPd中に均一に分散し
ていて触媒活性が高く、またPdが主成分である
為ガス透過性が高く且つ放電特性が極めて優れて
いて、その上安価であるので、従来のPt或いは
Pt合金の触媒にとつて代わることのできる画期
的なものと言える。 As detailed above, the phosphoric acid fuel cell catalyst of the present invention has high catalytic activity because Pt is uniformly dispersed in Pd in molecular form, and also has high gas permeability because Pd is the main component. In addition, it has extremely excellent discharge characteristics and is inexpensive, so it is different from conventional Pt or
It can be said to be a revolutionary product that can replace Pt alloy catalysts.
第１図は本発明のPd−Pt合金触媒を用いたリ
ン酸型燃料電池と従来のPt触媒を用いたリン酸
型燃料電池との発電特性を示すグラフである。
FIG. 1 is a graph showing power generation characteristics of a phosphoric acid fuel cell using the Pd-Pt alloy catalyst of the present invention and a phosphoric acid fuel cell using a conventional Pt catalyst.
Claims (1)
であるリン酸型燃料電池用触媒。1. A phosphoric acid fuel cell catalyst which is a Pd-Pt alloy containing 5 to 15 wt% of Pt in Pd.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59032891A JPS60177554A (en) | 1984-02-23 | 1984-02-23 | Catalyst for phosphoric acid type fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59032891A JPS60177554A (en) | 1984-02-23 | 1984-02-23 | Catalyst for phosphoric acid type fuel cell |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS60177554A JPS60177554A (en) | 1985-09-11 |
| JPH0552032B2 true JPH0552032B2 (en) | 1993-08-04 |
Family
ID=12371504
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59032891A Granted JPS60177554A (en) | 1984-02-23 | 1984-02-23 | Catalyst for phosphoric acid type fuel cell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS60177554A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0231861B1 (en) * | 1986-01-27 | 1993-07-28 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Method for processing silver halide color photographic material for prints |
| JP7281157B2 (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2023-05-25 | グローバル・リンク株式会社 | Polymer electrolyte fuel cell and electrode manufacturing method |
-
1984
- 1984-02-23 JP JP59032891A patent/JPS60177554A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS60177554A (en) | 1985-09-11 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Kinoshita | Electrochemical oxygen technology | |
| US5069988A (en) | Metal and metal oxide catalyzed electrodes for electrochemical cells, and methods of making same | |
| KR100982645B1 (en) | Supports for fuel cell catalysts | |
| JPH05258755A (en) | Manufacture of solid polyelectrolyte fuel cell | |
| US3549423A (en) | Method for manufacturing foam type electrode | |
| JPH09245801A (en) | Electrode for polymer solid electrolyte fuel cell and manufacture thereof | |
| JPS6322023B2 (en) | ||
| US5800938A (en) | Sandwich-type solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell | |
| US3393100A (en) | Process of generating electrical energy utilizing a fuel containing carbon monoxide and a fuel cell electrode structure therefor, comprising a carbon-monoxide resistant electrode body | |
| EP0101423A3 (en) | Fuel cell anode | |
| JPS5910024B2 (en) | Mitsupei alkaline chikudenchi | |
| JP4937527B2 (en) | Platinum catalyst for fuel cell and fuel cell including the same | |
| JP3019978B2 (en) | Electrochemical cell, electrochemically active material and method for producing the same | |
| JPH11126616A (en) | Co-tolerant platinum-zinc electrode for fuel cell | |
| RU2230400C1 (en) | Air-spirit fuel cell | |
| JPS60746B2 (en) | gas electrode | |
| US3306780A (en) | Sintered nickel-carbon gas diffusion electrode for fuel cells | |
| JPH0552032B2 (en) | ||
| JPH05258781A (en) | Lithium/air cell | |
| US3414438A (en) | Fuel cell having sintered porous electrode consisting of electrically conductive material and of boron | |
| JP2001015120A (en) | Catalyst for polymer solid electrolyte type fuel cell and polymer solid electrolyte type fuel cell | |
| US4461812A (en) | Lightweight storage battery | |
| JPS6247968A (en) | Molten carbonate fuel cell capable of internal reformation | |
| JP2001015121A (en) | Catalyst for polymer solid electrolyte type fuel cell and solid electrolyte type fuel cell | |
| JP2988673B2 (en) | Molten carbonate fuel cell |