JPH05508359A - 立体的に改良された弾性ラミネート - Google Patents
立体的に改良された弾性ラミネートInfo
- Publication number
- JPH05508359A JPH05508359A JP3505039A JP50503991A JPH05508359A JP H05508359 A JPH05508359 A JP H05508359A JP 3505039 A JP3505039 A JP 3505039A JP 50503991 A JP50503991 A JP 50503991A JP H05508359 A JPH05508359 A JP H05508359A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- laminate
- elastomeric
- zone
- layer
- skin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- B32B25/04—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B25/08—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
- B29C55/023—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets using multilayered plates or sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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- B29C61/06—Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory
- B29C61/0608—Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory characterised by the configuration or structure of the preforms
- B29C61/0616—Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory characterised by the configuration or structure of the preforms layered or partially layered preforms, e.g. preforms with layers of adhesive or sealing compositions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
- B32B38/0008—Electrical discharge treatment, e.g. corona, plasma treatment; wave energy or particle radiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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- B32B2310/00—Treatment by energy or chemical effects
- B32B2310/14—Corona, ionisation, electrical discharge, plasma treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2405/00—Adhesive articles, e.g. adhesive tapes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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- B32B2555/00—Personal care
- B32B2555/02—Diapers or napkins
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/91—Product with molecular orientation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
- Y10T428/24446—Wrinkled, creased, crinkled or creped
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24628—Nonplanar uniform thickness material
- Y10T428/24669—Aligned or parallel nonplanarities
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Character Input (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
- Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (43)
- 1.エラストマーラミネートであって、少なくとも一枚の非エラストマースキン 層及び少なくとも一枚の部分的エラストマー中核層を含んで成り、ここでこのラ ミネートは少なくとも1つの優先的活性化ゾーンを含んで成り、ここで前記の少 なくとも一枚の中核層は実質的にエラストマーであり、そしてここで前記ラミネ ートは形成されたときは非弾性であり、そして伸ばされたときは優先的に伸び且 つ前記優先的活性化ゾーンにおいて回復して弾性体となることができることを特 徴とするエラストマーラミネート。
- 2.エラストマーラミネートであって、少なくとも一枚の非エラストマースキン 層及び少なくとも一枚の部分的エラストマー中核を含んで成り、このラミネート が優先的活性化領域及び非優先的活性化領域を含んで成ることを特徴とするエラ ストマーラミネート。
- 3.ゾーン活性化可能な非弾性ラミネートを形成せしめる方法であって、エラス トマー中核と熱可塑性スキン層の多重層ラミネートを提供し、次いで前記ラミネ ートをーもしくは複数の層における一定の領域にて処理せしめて優先的活性化ゾ ーンを提供する(ここで前記優先的悟性化ゾーンは優先的に伸び且つ回復して弾 性ゾーンを形成する)段階を含んで成る方法。
- 4.前記優先的活性化領域がこのラミネート上の優先的活性化ゾーンを規定する 、請求項2に記載のエラストマーラミネート。
- 5.前記の少なくとも1つの優先的活性化ゾーンが、その伸長方向に対して横方 向において、平均して、その範囲の少なくとも20%以上相対的に低い弾性率の 領域を有する、請求項1,2又は4に記載のエラストマーラミネート。
- 6.前記の少なくとも1つの優先的活性化ゾーンが、その伸長方向に対して横方 向において、平均して、その範囲の少なくとも50%以上低弾性率の領域を有す る、請求項5に記載のエラストマーラミネート。
- 7.非優先的に活性化されるゾーンが、前記の少なくとも1つの優先的活性化ゾ ーンに対応する範囲に比べて、その伸長方向に対して横方向において、平均して その範囲にわたって少なくとも20%以下の低弾性率領域を有する第2のゾーン を含んで成る、請求項6に記載のエラストマーラミネート。
- 8.前記ラミネートが伸ばされたとき、少なくとも一枚のスキン層の非弾性変形 限界を超えて前記優先的活性化ゾーンにおける低弾性率領域を優先的に伸ばし、 この層がこのラミネートの回復に基づいてマイクロテキスチャー化された表面を 形成せしめる、請求項7に記載のエラストマーラミネート。
- 9.前記優先的活性化ゾーンにおいてこのラミネートが、少なくとも1秒後にそ の伸ばされた長さから15%以上回復する、請求項1,3又は4のいずれか1項 に記載のエラストマーラミネート。
- 10.ラミネートが少なくとも5秒後にその伸ばされた長さから15%回復する 、請求項1,3又は4のいづれか1項に記載のエラストマーラミネート。
- 11.ラミネートが少なくとも20秒後にその伸ばされた長さから15%回復す る、請求項1,3又は4のいづれか1項に記載のエラストマーラミネート。
- 12.ラミネートがその伸ばされた長さから20秒後に15%より少なく回復し 、そして26.7℃以上の活性化温度にかけたときに全回復の少なくとも50% 回復する、請求項1,3又は4のいづれか1項に記載のエラストマーラミネート 。
- 13.回復が機械的に開始される、請求項1,3又は4のいづれか1項に記載の エラストマーラミネート。
- 14.ラミネートが1秒後に少なくとも15%回復する、請求項1,3又は4の いづれか1項に記載のエラストマーラミネート。
- 15.非優先的活性化ゾーンが、アニーリングプロセスにかけられた少なくとも 1つの相対的に高い弾性率領域を含む、請求項1,3又は4のいづれか1項に記 載のエラストマーラミネート。
- 16.前記相対的に低弾性率の領域が可塑化処理にかけられた、請求項1,3又 は4のいづれか1項に記載のエラストマーラミネート。
- 17.非優先的活性化ゾーンが、架橋処理にかけられた少なくとも1つの相対的 に高い弾性率領域を含む、請求項1,3又は4のいづれか1項に記載のエラスト マーラミネート。
- 18.少なくとも一層において、少なくとも1つの低弾性率領域における前記の 層のポリマー組成よりも高い弾性率のポリマー組成を前記第2のゾーンにおいて 利用している、請求項7に記載のエラストマーラミネート。
- 19.前記の高い弾性率のポリマー組成物が前記の低弾性率ポリマー組成物にお けるポリマーより高い弾性率のポリマーを含んで成る請求項18に記載のエラス トマーラミネート。
- 20.前記の高い弾性率のポリマー組成物及び前記低弾性率のポリマー組成物が 、主として実質的に同一のポリマーを含んで成り、そのいづれか又はその両者が 弾性率改質剤を含んで成る請求項18に記載のエラストマーラミネート。
- 21.前記高弾性率ポリマー組成物が非エラストマーであり、そして前記低弾性 率ポリマー組成物がエラストマー組成物であり、ここで少なくとも一方の層が中 核層を占めている、請求項18に記載のエラストマーラミネート。
- 22.前記中核層の少なくとも一枚が内層であり、そして少なくとも一枚のスキ ン層が外層である、請求項1,3又は4に記載のエラストマーラミネート。
- 23.少なくとも2枚のスキン層を含んで成る請求項22に記載のエラストマー ラミネート。
- 24.請求項1又は4のいづれかに記載のエラストマーラミネートを含んで成り 、少なくとも1つの優先的活性化ゾーンの外側の領域が接着層を更に含んで成る 、弾性体接着性テープ。
- 25.2つの相対的に非優先的活性化ゾーンが優先的活性化ゾーンの両側に隣接 し、ここで前記非優先的活性化ゾーン上の接着層はこのラミネートの同一の面上 にあり、ここで弾性テープは接着性閉鎖タブとしての利用に適するサイズである 、請求項24に記載の弾性接着性テープ。
- 26.おむつ閉鎖タブに含まれ、そしてここで前記優先的活性化ゾーンがその少 なくとも一方の面に低接着性バックサイズを更に含んで成る、請求項25に記載 の弾性テープ。
- 27.前記の少なくとも1つの優先的活性化ゾーンが少なくとも1つの優先的応 力領域を含んで成り、そしてここで前記の少なくとも1つの優先的活性化ゾーン がその伸長方向に対して横方向において、平均して、このラミネートの範囲の少 なくとも20%以上優先的応力領域を有する、請求項1,3又は4のいづれか1 項に記載のエラストマーラミネート。
- 28.少なくとも1つの非優先的活性化ゾーンが、前記の少なくとも1つの優先 的活性化ゾーンの対応の範囲と比べ、その伸長方向に対して横方向に、平均して その範囲にわたって少なくとも20%以下の優先的応力領域を有する第2のゾー ンを含んで成る、請求項27に記載のエラストマーラミネート。
- 29.前記の優先的応力領域がスコアリング、アブレーション、コロナ処理又は 前記領域の少なくとも一層からの材料の除去によって形成される、請求項17に 記載のエラストマーラミネート。
- 30.少なくともいくつかの前記優先的及び非優先的活性化領域がパターンを形 成し、これは伸長し且つ回復させたときに前記優先的活性化領域において実質的 に活性化されてパターン化表面マクロテキスチャー及び前記優先的活性化領域に おける少なくとも一枚のマイクロテキスチャー化スキン層を形成する、請求項2 に記載のエラストマーラミネート。
- 31.前記パターンにおける前記優先的及び非優先的活性化領域の両方が伸長さ れ且つ回復された、請求項30に記載のエラストマーラミネート。
- 32.前記パターンにおける前記優先的及び非優先的活性化領域の両方が微細構 造化スキン層領域を形成する、請求項31に記載のエラストマーラミネート。
- 33.コロナ放電処理によって作られる優先的応力領域を有するように前記ラミ ネートを処理し、ここで前記コロナ放電処理はこのラミネートの領域をそのコロ ナ飽和点よりも低く処理し、そして前記のラミネートの一様な変形によって前記 領域において微小亀裂を作り上げることを含んで成る、請求項30に記載の方法 。
- 34.前記一様な変形が表面からの前記ラミネートの鋭利な巻取角度によって提 供される請求項33に記載の方法。
- 35.弾性化された優先的活性化ゾーン及び弾性化されていない非優先的活性化 ゾーンを有するエラストマーラミネートを含んで成る弾性領域を有するラミネー トを有する製品であって、このラミネートが少なくとも一枚の非エラストマース キン層及び少なくとも一枚の部分的エラストマー中核層を含んで成る製品。
- 36.前記製品が、エラストマーラミネートが取り付けられている締め付け表面 を更に含んで成る衣料である、請求項35に記載の製品。
- 37.前記ラミネートが前記非弾性化ゾーンにて前記締め付け表面に取り付けら れている請求項36に記載の製品。
- 38.おむつに含まれる請求項36に記載の製品(ここで前記ラミネートは、中 央弾性化ゾーン及び2つの非弾性化外部ゾーンを含んで成る任意のおむつ閉鎖タ ブを占めるか〔少なくともこの一方はその少なくとも一方の面上にて接着剤がコ ートされている〕、脚部又は腰部の締め付け領域での弾性化要素を占めそして前 記非弾性化ゾーンにて前記締め付け表面に取り付けられている)。
- 39.前記のラミネートが、このラミネートの幅に浴って相対的に一定の平均厚 みを有する、実質的に同時伸長層より成るフィルムである、請求項1〜4のいづ れか1項に記載のエラストマーラミネート。
- 40.前記の中核及びスキン層が、伸長及び回復の後にその活性化ゾーンにおい て実質的に連続的に接触し続けている、請求項1〜4のいづれか1項に記載のエ ラストマーラミネート。
- 41.前記の中核及びスキン層が、伸長及び回復の後にその活性化ゾーンにおい て実質的に断続的に接触し続けている、請求項1〜4のいづれか1項に記載のエ ラストマーラミネート。
- 42.少なくとも部分的エラストマー中核がA−B−Aブロックコポリマーを含 んで成る請求項1〜4のいづれか1項に記載のエラストマーラミネート。
- 43.ABAブロックコポリマーがスチレン−イソプレン−スチレン、スチレン −ブタジエン−スチレン又はスチレン−エチレンブチレン−スチレンブロックコ ポリマーを含んで成る、請求項42に記載のエラストマーラミネート。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/502,330 US5344691A (en) | 1990-03-30 | 1990-03-30 | Spatially modified elastic laminates |
US502,330 | 1990-03-30 |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JPH05508359A true JPH05508359A (ja) | 1993-11-25 |
JP3103112B2 JP3103112B2 (ja) | 2000-10-23 |
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JP50503991A Expired - Lifetime JP3103112B2 (ja) | 1990-03-30 | 1991-01-14 | 立体的に改良された弾性ラミネート |
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US (2) | US5344691A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0521883B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3103112B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR960000739B1 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE141863T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU646663B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2075296C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69121703T2 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2091918T3 (ja) |
MX (1) | MX173331B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1991015364A1 (ja) |
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US4681580A (en) * | 1985-03-29 | 1987-07-21 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Disposable diapers with unitary waistshield and elastically expansible waistbands |
US4820590A (en) * | 1985-05-08 | 1989-04-11 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Oriented elastomeric film and method of manufacture |
US4813946A (en) * | 1985-10-24 | 1989-03-21 | Sabee Reinhardt N | Method and apparatus for forming and transporting elastic ribbons |
US4606964A (en) * | 1985-11-22 | 1986-08-19 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Bulked web composite and method of making the same |
US4813947A (en) * | 1985-12-30 | 1989-03-21 | Personal Products Company | Closure system for resealably attaching a tape tab to a fabric surface |
US4795456A (en) * | 1986-03-14 | 1989-01-03 | Avery International Corporation | Stretchable diaper tab |
DE3787751T2 (de) * | 1986-04-15 | 1994-02-03 | Procter & Gamble | Artikel mit einem Abschnitt, der nach der Herstellung elastisch schrumpfbar ist. |
US4778701A (en) * | 1986-05-27 | 1988-10-18 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Composite prelaminated tape system |
JPS6350807U (ja) * | 1986-09-24 | 1988-04-06 | ||
US4767726A (en) * | 1987-01-12 | 1988-08-30 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Glass microbubbles |
US4834741A (en) * | 1987-04-27 | 1989-05-30 | Tuff Spun Products, Inc. | Diaper with waist band elastic |
US4880682A (en) * | 1988-03-22 | 1989-11-14 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Low gloss film and process of manufacture (FP 1323) |
US5057097A (en) * | 1988-09-13 | 1991-10-15 | Avery Dennison Corporation | Stretchable but stable film and fastening tape |
CA2066411A1 (en) * | 1989-11-17 | 1991-05-18 | Dennis L. Krueger | Elastomeric laminates with microtextured skin layers |
-
1990
- 1990-03-30 US US07/502,330 patent/US5344691A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-01-14 AU AU74473/91A patent/AU646663B2/en not_active Expired
- 1991-01-14 DE DE69121703T patent/DE69121703T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-01-14 CA CA 2075296 patent/CA2075296C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-01-14 JP JP50503991A patent/JP3103112B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-01-14 AT AT91905190T patent/ATE141863T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-01-14 ES ES91905190T patent/ES2091918T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-01-14 WO PCT/US1991/000277 patent/WO1991015364A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1991-01-14 EP EP19910905190 patent/EP0521883B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-01-14 KR KR1019920702395A patent/KR960000739B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-02-18 MX MX024578A patent/MX173331B/es unknown
-
1994
- 1994-06-02 US US08/252,898 patent/US5468428A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2008001104A (ja) * | 2006-06-22 | 2008-01-10 | Tredegar Film Products Corp | 機械方向に低引張り性質を示す弾性フィルム |
JP2015529581A (ja) * | 2012-08-08 | 2015-10-08 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 伸張可能なウェブ積層体の作製方法 |
JP2016511177A (ja) * | 2013-03-01 | 2016-04-14 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 層状のセグメントを有するフィルム、並びにこれを作製する方法及び装置 |
JP2016112878A (ja) * | 2014-12-12 | 2016-06-23 | 日東電工株式会社 | 伸縮性積層体、それを含む物品、伸縮性積層体伸長物、および、それを含む物品 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69121703D1 (de) | 1996-10-02 |
CA2075296A1 (en) | 1991-10-01 |
JP3103112B2 (ja) | 2000-10-23 |
KR960000739B1 (ko) | 1996-01-12 |
US5468428A (en) | 1995-11-21 |
US5344691A (en) | 1994-09-06 |
AU7447391A (en) | 1991-10-30 |
AU646663B2 (en) | 1994-03-03 |
ES2091918T3 (es) | 1996-11-16 |
CA2075296C (en) | 2001-10-30 |
ATE141863T1 (de) | 1996-09-15 |
WO1991015364A1 (en) | 1991-10-17 |
MX173331B (es) | 1994-02-16 |
DE69121703T2 (de) | 1997-03-20 |
EP0521883B1 (en) | 1996-08-28 |
EP0521883A1 (en) | 1993-01-13 |
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