JPH05505568A - Wear drying equipment, wear drying method, and automatic wear forming machine - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Nine and Ewakari The present invention relates to an apparatus for drying ware (ceramics, ceramics) and a method for drying ware. This invention relates to improvements in methods and automatic wear forming machines.

Conventional automatic wafers such as those for manufacturing Mazda (cylindrical pot-like vessels) In a molding machine, clay is placed in a mold made of plaster of Paris. Supplied. The mold is then transferred to a molding machine where the clay is used to form the garment. It is then pressed into the desired shape. Then the mold is heated to multiple high temperatures to dry the ware. The garment is passed under a stream of air or gas, and then removed from the mold for further processing. served. Many such types are generally constructed by endless chains or belts. It is transported to the molding machine in a carousel (carousel type rotating carriage).

According to the invention, it is possible to carry a garment and constitute a chamber for the garment. ware drying apparatus comprising a mold for substantially closing the chamber; means for creating a reduced pressure in the chamber less than ambient pressure; The ware is positioned between the heat application means and the mold. a ware drying apparatus further comprising heat application means arranged to enable location is provided.

Preferably, the apparatus includes means for providing gas flow through the chamber. Ru. The gas stream may be air or any other suitable gas or gas mixture. Vine.

The closure means includes a temple cover that engages the upper portion of the chamber.

The cover and/or chamber may be arranged in a lowered position in which the cover engages the chamber and in a lowered position in which the cover is disengaged from the chamber. relative movement is possible in a substantially vertical direction between the raised position and the raised position.

Providing one or more openings in the device through which gas flow can enter the room. Can be done. The opening can be provided in the cover.

The apparatus also further includes means for sealingly closing the hole in the lower portion of the chamber. Mitsuru. The lower closure means works by creating a reduced pressure in the room that is less than ambient pressure. It is possible to move.

The bottom closure means has a hole closing position and a hole exiting position, preferably on the bottom side of the hole. and a closure member movable between spaced apart positions.

The heat application means is preferably positioned within the hollow ware when the chamber is closed. It is composed of sea urchins. Alternatively, the heat application means is substantially adjacent to the flatware in the room. It can be positioned as

The heat application means includes an electrical heating element located on the cover. heating element is good Preferably it provides radiant heat and is preferably controllable. heating elements are preferred The vine includes multiple heating zones that are individually controllable.

The heating element can be a source of infrared radiation.

One or more of the openings that allow gas to enter the chamber are arranged so that the gas entering the chamber is heated. and a heat application means adjacent to the heat application means.

The means for creating a reduced pressure below ambient pressure is within the chamber and preferably through the cover. and a vacuum pump in communication with the

Communication with the vacuum pump is provided through an outlet that allows gas to escape from the interior of the chamber. Ru. Preferably, the means for creating a reduced pressure below ambient pressure substantially includes air passing through the chamber. Brings body flow.

Alternatively, the means for communicating gas through the chamber is provided by pores in the mold structure. Offered vine. Applying a coating to the mold to reduce the porosity to a suitable value Can be done.

According to the invention there is also an automatic ware comprising a drying device according to any of the above characteristics A molding machine is provided.

The ware forming machine preferably includes a plurality of molds movable along an endless path. There is. A type is arranged so that it is located on an endless path at a certain point in time. and the drying device is preferably in operative relationship with the mold when the mold is in the path section. and preferably each mold in the path section is provided with a drying unit. The relevant d The dress path is preferably located at the location where the clay is molded into a mold to form the garment. It is located between the position where the mold is removed from the mold.

The endless path section is made up of multiple zones, each zone having a different type of drying process. It is also possible to apply certain conditions.

This molding machine warms the mold after taking out the molding ware and before filling the clay. The vine includes means for introducing air. The means of introducing warm air is preferably , by flowing air across the heat application means of a drying device not located within the mold. It has a structure and a distribution relationship for heating the air.

A drying device is located above the endless path section and can be mounted on a movable carrier that can be selectively lowered to engage the mold of The carrier is configured as a rotatable carousel (carousel type rotating carriage). can be done.

This machine can handle hollow ware, flat ware, casting (pouring) ware, and molded ware. It works for both press and press wear.

Furthermore, according to the invention, a method is provided for drying a garment in a mold, the method comprising: substantially closing the mold, creating a vacuum less than ambient pressure within the closed mold, and applying pressure to the surface of the mold. This includes applying heat to one or more sides of the garment that are not exposed.

Provide a gas flow through the mold.

A reduced pressure below ambient pressure is created only during a portion of the drying method. Ambient pressure A lower vacuum means that the % of water in the garment is reduced to a predetermined percentage, e.g. in the range of 2-6%. It will be canceled as soon as it is released.

Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawing, FIG. 1 is a schematic side sectional view of a portion of an automatic wear forming machine according to the present invention; Figure 2 is a plan view of the molding machine shown in Figure 1, and Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a part of the molding machine shown in Figure 1. FIG. 4 is a side view of a part of an automatic wear forming machine according to a second embodiment of the present invention. It is a schematic side sectional view, FIG. 5 is a schematic side sectional view of a portion of an automatic wear forming machine according to a third embodiment of the present invention. and FIG. 6 is a drawing similar to FIG. 1 of an improvement according to the invention, and FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view of an automatic wear forming machine according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

Figures 1 to 3 of the drawings show an automatic ware suitable for forming hollow ware such as Mazda. A molding machine 10 is shown. The forming machine 10 has outer and inner rails 14,16 and inner rails. It has an endless track 12 consisting of a chain 18 running on a chain 16. ing. A first portion 20 of the orbit 12 describes a substantial portion of a circle and a second portion 22 describes it. It juts out from here to form an elbow on the outside of the circle.

A plurality of pairs of mold carriers 24 are each movably positioned on the rails 14.16. In case the outer carrier 24A is attached to the guide wheel 26 and the inner carrier 24B is attached to the chain. Between each pair of carriers 24 is an open-ended truncated cone. A casing 28 is installed. A calcined plaster mold 30 of an appropriate shape is placed inside the casing 28. carried by. A passageway 32 is provided through the base of the mold to facilitate placement of the clay within the mold. This allows air to be drawn from it during placement and molding. vertically movable A washer 34 attached to a spindle 36 is located within the cavity 38 below the passageway 32. and the washer 34 closes the lower end of the passage 32 in the raised position. There is.

At the downstream end of the second portion 22 of the track with respect to the direction of movement of the chain 18, the viscous A molding machine 40 is provided for molding soil into a garment within a mold 30. 40 molding machines A clay extruder 42 is located upstream of the clay extruder 42 for supplying the required amount of clay into the mold 30. ing. Upstream of the extruder 42, the mold is dried when it is empty and prior to filling with clay. There is a zone 44 into which heated air is blown for drying. Upstream end 4 of second portion 22 6, to take out the dried garment from the mold 30 by, for example, suction means. A product transfer device (not shown) is installed.

A carousel 48 is installed coaxially above the first portion 20 of the track, and this A number of vertically aligned rams 50 are mounted along the line. Cap (cover) 52 is provided at the lower end of each ram 5o. The lip 54 attached downwardly is the cap 52. It is formed with an annular seal 56 along its periphery and at its lower edge. cap 5 2 of each of the mold casings 28 when it is lowered onto the mold casing 28. dimensioned to hermetically close the upper end of one of the The mold 3o is confined in the chamber C. A cylindrical heating element 58 is located on the underside of the cap 52. protrudes coaxially and is sized to fit inside the wear article 60 within the mold 30. I'm being kicked. Electrical leads 62 extend from heating element 58 through cap 52. ing. A passageway 64 also extends through the cap 52 and carries a flexible vibe 66. Connected to the vacuum pump via.

In use, chain 18 and carousel 48 are driven and timed with each other. It is determined by When the mold 30 is indexed to the underside of the extruder 42, the required amount of clay is dispensed. It is supplied from there. Next, the molding machine 40 presses the clay onto the side of the mold 30 to form a predetermined shape. to form a wear article. Clay is fed into mold 30 and there During molding, a separate vacuum pump (not shown) is used to assist in these steps. Air is sucked through the holes 32.

As the mold 30 moves into the first portion 20 of the track, the mold passes under the carousel 48. , the caracel lowers the cap 54 onto the mold by the action of each one of the rams 5o. be assigned to do so. When the cap 54 is attached in this way, the vibrator 66 and through passage 64 an inspiratory action is applied. The reduced pressure created within the mold 30 causes the The shaft 34 is raised to close the passage 32. At the same time, heat is applied by heating element 58. Applies to the interior of the type. The mold moves along the first part until it reaches the second part of the trajectory As the heat and intake air is applied, the ram 50 closes the cap 5 when the second section is reached. 2 is lifted away from the mold 30. Ware 6o is then molded by a product transfer device. 30 and warm drying air is blown onto the mold 30 in zone 44. I get kicked. The heated drying air is passed across the circumference of the heating element 58 in the raised position. It may be heated by

In a second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, a relatively narrow inlet passage 63A is heated. It is provided through element 58. The inlet passage 63A passes through the cap 52. The interior of the mold 30 is communicated with the exterior of the mold 30 in cooperation with the inlet passage 63B. vacuum pump The suction action of the pump draws air into the chamber C from the outside through the inlet passages 63A, B.

As air flows through inlet passages 63A,B, it is heated by heating element 58. heated. Air flows from inlet passages 63A, B through chamber C and through passage 64. It flows out through.

This heated air flow helps eliminate the relatively humid atmosphere within room C and By replacing it with warmed dry air, the drying of the clothing is promoted. Warming The air flow allows the temperature within chamber C to be reduced and still provide effective drying. Achieve dryness. This helps save energy and extend the life of the mold. air Alternatively, connect a specific gas or gas mixture source to inlet 63B. It's okay.

The dimensions and number of inlet passages 63A, B are determined by the capacity of the vacuum pump and as required within chamber C. It should be understood that the degree of depressurization from ambient pressure is predetermined. molding The machine 40 can handle cast ware, molded ware and molded ware, including hollow ware and flat ware. Vine used to form and dry pressware.

FIG. 5 shows a garment composition according to a third embodiment of the invention for drying flat garments. A part of the machine is shown. This molding pattern is similar to carriers 24A and 24B. (not shown) includes a mold casing 128 that can be mounted therebetween. Plaster mold 1 30 is supported within the casing 128, and a passageway 132 is provided for the placement and placement of the clay within the mold. and the base of the mold 139 to allow air to be drawn from the molding medium. It is formed. Acts in a manner similar to the washer 34 and spindle 36 described above. A washer and spindle (not shown) are provided to close the end of the passageway 132. can be done.

A cap 152 is provided at the lower end of each ram in the carousel 48. Cat The pool 152 has a wall 154 extending downwardly around its periphery, similar to that previously described. In a similar manner, it is sealed to the casing 128 at its lower edge to form a chamber C2. flat A planar ceramic heating element 158 is provided on the underside of the cap 152 of the ware in the mold 130. Distract to the position directly above. The planar heating element 158 has a heating effect in the radial direction. a plurality of identical parts arranged in an annular band so as to be able to be changed to Contains shaft heating elements. For example, if the garment is of relatively small diameter (saucer, saucer), smaller towards the periphery of the casing 128 and towards the center large heating action is required. As a result, toward the center of heating element 158 Only bands are operated. Electrical leads 1162 connect heating element 158 to heating control device. It extends through the cap 152 to a position (not shown). The heating element 158 is Although an infrared source may be used, any other suitable heating means may also be used.

A passageway 164 extends through cap 152 and communicates with the vacuum pump. one or more An additional passageway 163 extends through wall 154. These passages 163 lead to chamber C3. Give an entrance. Air enters chamber C2 under the suction action provided by the vacuum pump. Suction is drawn through the port 163. Air flows through chamber C2 and through passage 164. It flows out through. As the air flows through chamber C2, it is heated by heating element 158. It is heated by Air circulation through the chamber removes moisture from the chamber atmosphere and This accelerates the drying of the clothing. A heat insulator/insulator 165 is placed on the underside of the cap. A cap is provided to help reduce heat loss through the cap.

FIG. 7 shows a wear forming machine 200 according to a fourth embodiment of the invention. Molding machine 200 is substantially rectangular, but one end extends outward so as to constitute the nirbow 222. It has an endless trajectory 212 extending out. The trajectory is as shown in Figures 1 to 3. This is any conventional form and will not be described in further detail. An example is shown in Figure 5. A plurality of mold casings 128 supporting molds 130 of the type shown are movable along a track. their movements are precisely timed and indexed.

Each side of the track has sections forming locations for ten adjacent casings 128. It has a picture 270. Between each side of the rectangle there are ten positions for movement of the casing 128. Additional compartments 272 (here four) are configured to provide location.

casings 128 between each compartment, typically all ten in each compartment. Means are provided for simultaneously moving from compartment to compartment. such means of transportation includes a pivoting lift bar (not shown).

A cap 152 (FIG. 5) is provided above each of the four rows of compartments 272.

The cap 152 engages with or disengages from the casing 128 provided below. It is movable by a ram to dry the flatware held in the casing. Makes drying possible.

A wear forming machine 240 is provided at the top of the nirbow 222. Upstream of molding machine 240 is equipped with mold cleaning and mold conditioning equipment (not shown). This setting Further upstream of the preparation, there is a stage (not shown) for taking out the wear from the casing 128. ) exists. At the wear removal stage, the wear is white-dried (moisture is reduced by 1~ The tube is connected to a similar device for additional drying (drying step) to an extent of 2%.

In such similar devices, the ware is naturally not installed in the mold, but instead is attached to the ware. A suitable closable container is provided to support the The white drying equipment is followed by a kiln. Connect to the vine.

In use, track 272 rotates clockwise as shown in FIG. track The movement of the road ensures that the casing 128 is moved at the exact point in time and at the exact point in time. precisely indexed to ensure movement to the required position. 10 cases As the casing occupies each of the positions in compartment 270, the casing Pivoting arms allow each of the lowest sections of section 272 (as shown in FIG. 7) to moved to position. In compartment 272, cap 152 is placed on casing 128. to provide primary drying at the required temperature for the required period. Primary drying section 27 In 2, only heat is applied without applying vacuum, thereby stabilizing the garment. has often been found to be beneficial. At the required point, the casing is It is moved to compartment 272 where additional drying is applied, this time under reduced pressure. 2nd time Such an additional drying step is performed in an additional compartment 272 and the casing 12 8 is finally moved to the upper run of track 212 (as viewed in FIG. 7). After that, The material is again accurately indexed and moved to the unloading station where it is The ware is then removed for subsequent drying and firing. Casing 128 and its The inner mold 130 is then cleaned and conditioned.

The automatic wear forming machine described above has a number of beneficial features. Establishing reduced pressure inside the mold This lowers the boiling point of water, thereby providing improved drying. from vacuum pump air intake, and if a gas flow is provided through the chamber, the water generated from the garment Remove steam to further improve drying. Closing types is more localized It also provides more efficient heating of clothing. Inside the wear for hollow wear and for flat garments, place the heating element close to the garment and The fact that the heating element is located between the heating element and the mold reduces the heating effect on the mold (and thus reduces the heating effect on the mold). Reduce mold damage. The necessary drying is therefore carried out more efficiently and quickly. Letsuru.

Using the molding machine described above, the drying time is 90 to 10 minutes for hollow garments. 0 seconds to 50-55 seconds and 19-20 minutes to 3-4 for flat wear decreased in minutes. Therefore, it has 28 molds instead of 45 molds as in the past. It is now possible to build a molding machine, reducing the required floor space, which is of particular utility. Often. This device does not require gas and does not require removal of burnup gases. This makes it ideally suited for relatively small-scale operations.

The drying process described above mainly refers to the drying stage commonly referred to as "demolding". child This is a dry condition that allows the garment to be removed from the mold once it reaches that condition. be. The percentage of water in the wear at this stage is usually in the range of 10-15%.

The next step is to keep the percentage of water in the garment in the range of 1-2% following demolding. Dry the garment until it becomes dry. This is commonly referred to as "white dryness" It is called. The present invention is easily used in "white dry" wear. in this case , the ware is placed on a support, such as a perforated plate, in a substantially sealed container. vacuum A connection to the pump and a heating element are provided within the container in substantially the same manner as described above. It will be done. A gas inlet is also provided in the container in the manner described above. During operation, surroundings Provide an atmosphere within the container that is less than the pressure and also, if applicable, as described above. to provide gas flow through the container. Vacuum pump will make the wear finally dry The water content is probably stopped before the moisture content is on the order of 3-5%. . Releasing the vacuum before final drying reduces the probability of cracking in dried clothing. It was discovered that

Various other modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention (see, for example, FIG. The washer for closing the passage through the mold is attached to the mold casing, as illustrated in The ram 28 is replaced by a short stroke ram 70 which closes the bottom of the mold. Type and/or The cap can be moved by different means and the cap can be moved by the described ram. The mold itself, rather than the cap, may be raised or lowered by other means. Ru.

Also, the cap 52.152 and corresponding lip 54 and wall 154 are shaped like mold 30.1. 30 can be directly sealed. This does not require the arrangement of the casing 28.128. Essential. In such cases, the gas inlets are provided by the pores of the mold structure itself. 6 Furthermore, the porosity of the mold is reduced to an appropriate value so that the drying process as described above can take place. A coating can be applied to the mold to keep it in place. Alternatively or additionally, stone Molds made of materials other than plaster can be used.

abstract A ware drying device comprising a mold 30 and a truncated conical casing 28. Ram 50 A vertically movable cap 50 selectively closes the upper end of the casing 28. It is set up for the purpose of A heating element 58 projects from the underside of the cap 52 and is hollow within the mold. It has dimensions to fit inside the clothing article 60 of. Drying the wear article 60 The vacuum pump is of type 28 so that heat and vacuum less than ambient pressure are applied to is connected through a passage 64 to the interior of the . A gas flow is provided through the drying medium 28. One or more apertures may be provided in the cap 52 to allow the cap to open.

international search report 1111-＾--u　-PCT/GB　91/nntna international search report GB 9100304 S^　44856

Claims (40)

[Claims] 1. comprising a mold capable of carrying the wear and forming a chamber for the wear; a ware drying device, the device being selectively actuated to substantially close said chamber; means for creating a reduced pressure in the chamber that is less than ambient pressure; The garment can be positioned between the thermal means and the mold. A wear drying apparatus further comprising thermal means arranged as follows. 2. The garment drying device of claim 1, wherein the apparatus includes means for providing gas flow through the chamber. Drying equipment. 3. 3. The wear drying apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the gas flow is an air flow. 4. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the closing means includes a cover engageable with the upper part of the chamber. Wear drying equipment according to one or more of the following. 5. The cover and/or chamber may be in a lowered position where the cover engages the chamber and when the cover is separated from the chamber. The wear according to claim 4, which is capable of relative movement in a substantially vertical direction between the raised position and the raised position from which the wear is removed. drying equipment. 6. The device is provided with one or more openings through which a gas flow can enter the room. Claims 2 to 3 or claims 4 to 5 according to claims 2 to 3 Air drying equipment. 7. The third aspect of claim 6 according to claims 4 to 5, wherein the opening is provided in the cover. Air drying equipment. 8. The apparatus further includes means for sealingly closing the hole in the lower portion of the chamber. A wear drying device according to any one of claims 1 to 7. 9. The lower hole closure means can be actuated by creating a reduced pressure in the chamber that is less than ambient pressure. 9. The wear drying apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the wear drying apparatus has the following functions. 10. The lower hole closure means has a closure movable between a hole closing position and a hole exiting position. 10. The wear drying device according to claim 8, further comprising a chain member. 11. so that the heat application means can be positioned within the hollow ware when the chamber is closed. A wear drying device according to any one of claims 1 to 10. 12. The heat application means can be positioned substantially adjacent to the flat wear in the room. A wear drying device according to any one of claims 1 to 10. 13. According to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the heat application means comprises an electrical heating element. Wear drying equipment. 14. 14. The clothing drying device of claim 13, wherein the heating element is controllable. 15. 15. The clothing drying apparatus of claim 14, wherein the heating element includes a plurality of heating zones. 16. 16. The wear drying apparatus of claim 15, wherein the heating zones are separately controllable. 17. 17. A utensil according to any one of claims 13 to 16, wherein the heating element is an infrared radiation source. Air drying equipment. 18. Claim 4 or according to claim 4, wherein the thermal means is attached to the cover. A wear drying device according to any one of claims 5 to 17. 19. The gas flowing into the chamber through one or more of the openings that allow the gas to flow into the chamber is heated. Claim 6 or according to Claim 6 provided adjacent to the heat application means so as to A wear drying device according to any one of claims 7 to 18. 20. The means for creating a reduced pressure below ambient pressure is a vacuum pump in communication with the interior of the chamber. A wear drying device according to any one of claims 1 to 19. 21. According to at least claim 4, the vacuum pump communicates with the interior of the chamber through the cover. 21. The wear drying device according to claim 20. 22. Communication with the vacuum pump is provided through an outlet that allows gas to exit from the interior of the chamber. The wear drying method according to claims 20 to 21 as at least according to claim 2. Device. 23. The means for creating a reduced pressure below ambient pressure substantially also allows gas flow through the chamber. 23. The wear drying apparatus according to claim 22. 24. Pores in the mold structure provide a means for gas flow through the chamber. Claim 2 provided or any of Claims 3 to 23 as pursuant to Claim 2 Wear drying equipment according to paragraph 1. 25. 24. The mold is coated with a coating to reduce the porosity to a suitable value. wear drying equipment. 26. An automatic wear maker comprising a wear drying device according to any one of claims 3 to 23. Shape machine. 27. 27. The garment forming machine of claim 26, including a plurality of molds movable along an endless path. . 28. Some of the types are arranged so that they are located at one point on a portion of an endless path. and the drying device is in operative relationship with the mold when the mold is in the path portion. Air forming machine. 29. 29. The garment composition of claim 28, wherein each mold in said path section is provided with a drying unit. Shape machine. 30. The endless path section is a position where clay is molded in a mold to form clothing. The wafer according to claim 28 or 29, which is located between the position where the ware is taken out from the mold. A molding machine. 31. The endless path section is composed of a plurality of bands, and each band has a different type. The wear composition according to any one of claims 28 to 30, wherein drying conditions such as Shape machine. 32. After removing the moldware and before filling the mold with clay, warm air is introduced into the mold. 32. A wear forming machine according to claim 30, further comprising means for inserting the material into the garment. 33. Heat application in drying equipment where means for introducing warm air are not located within the mold It has a structure and distribution relationship for heating the air by flowing the air across the stages. The wear forming machine according to claim 32. 34. A drying device is located above the endless track section and A charge mounted on a movable carrier that can be selectively lowered into engagement with each mold. A wear molding machine according to any one of Items 27 to 33. 35. 35. The wear forming machine of claim 34, wherein the carrier includes a rotatable carousel. 36. By drying the garment in the mold, the mold is essentially closed and the garment is dried inside the mold. One or more sides of the garment that create a reduced pressure below ambient pressure and that do not face the mold. A method of drying ware in molds comprising applying heat to. 37. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the gas flow is provided through the mold. 38. 37. Creating a reduced pressure below ambient pressure only during a portion of the drying stage. 37 methods. 39. Decompression lower than ambient pressure is released when the percentage of water in the garment is reduced to a predetermined percentage. 39. The method of claim 38. 40. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the predetermined percentage is in the range of 2-6%.