JPH0549309A - Method for improving germination of seed - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve both germination rate and germination ratio and obtain seeds capable of performing efficient and planned cultivation due to improvement in germination by treating seeds with pericarps with an acid, then mechanically breaking the pericarps and removing the pericarps. CONSTITUTION:Seeds with pericarps such as spinach are immersed in a 3N sulfuric acid at ambient temperature for 1hr to carry out acid treatment. The treated seeds are then placed in a ventilating type oven, etc., heat-treated at 35-70 deg.C for 3-24hr, subsequently placed in a vibration type screen grader and, together with a cylindrical hard rubber, vibrated at 35 deg. phase angle and 3600 r.p.m. number of revolutions of the vibrator to mechanically break the pericarps. The seeds are simultaneously graded and the broken pericarps are then removed with a wind force grader, etc., to perform cleaning and grading. Thereby, the objective seeds, free of the pericarps and improved in germination rate and germination ratio without any dispersion in water absorbing rate are obtained.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for improving germination of seeds and a method for removing a fruit cover for improving germination.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, it has become important to improve the germination rate and germination rate in order to carry out efficient and systematic cultivation in agricultural production. Therefore, in particular, seeds in which the seed embryo, the endosperm, or the cotyledon are covered with a hard fruit cover are soaked in advance with sufficient water before sowing. However, seeds covered with a hard fruit cover tend to have different water absorption rates, and because the growth power of the embryo to break through the fruit cover is strong and weak, the germination speed and germination rate are likely to fluctuate, and high performance At present, seeds are needed.

[0003]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors have found that if the fruit cover of a seed with a fruit cover can be removed without fatally damaging the seed embryo, endosperm, cotyledons, etc. It was thought that the germination rate could be improved, and as a result of diligent studies, it was possible to remove the fruit cover advantageously by mechanically destroying the fruit cover after acid-treating the seeds with the fruit cover, and the seeds obtained were The inventors have found that the germination rate and germination rate are sufficiently satisfactory, and have reached the present invention.

In the present invention, as the acid treatment method, a method of immersing seeds in an inorganic acid such as sulfuric acid is usually used. When using, for example, sulfuric acid as the acid, it is generally 0.05 to 36.
N, preferably 0.4 to 4N, more preferably 1 to 3N
Sulfuric acid is used. The immersion treatment time varies depending on the type and concentration of the acid used, but is generally 10 minutes to 4 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 2 hours.

As a method for mechanically destroying the fruit cover, it is desirable to adopt a method which does not damage the seed embryo, endosperm, cotyledon, etc., for example, hard rubber such as natural rubber, styrene rubber, butadiene rubber, neoprene rubber, Examples include a method of contacting with a material such as ceramics such as porcelain by stirring, vibration, or the like. The material such as hard rubber used is preferably spherical or cylindrical, and the size thereof is generally about the same as the volume of one seed grain to about 5 times. In addition, the amount used is about 0.
It is generally about 5 to 3 times. Examples of the apparatus used at that time include a vibrating type sieving machine, a ball mill, a hulling machine, a threshing machine, etc. The seeds can be sieved, which is preferable. In addition, the obtained seed-cover-removed seeds can be further selected by a wind separator.

In the present invention, dry heat treatment at the stage after acid treatment of seeds and before mechanically destroying the fruit cover is preferable for improving germination rate and germination rate. The dry heat treatment is usually carried out immediately after the acid treatment, the treatment temperature is generally 35 ° C to 70 ° C, preferably 55 ° C to 65 ° C, and the treatment time is generally 3 to 24 hours, preferably 8 to 16 hours. The device used for the dry heat treatment is not particularly limited as long as it is a heating device capable of controlling the temperature, but a ventilated oven or the like is suitable for uniform treatment.

The seeds used in the present invention include seed embryos, endosperms, and cotyledons covered with a hard fruit cover, such as spinach, okra, honeywort, chrysanthemum, beet, sunflower, buckwheat, pumpkin, broad bean, etc. Food crops such as cotton, industrial crops such as cotton, and trees such as acacia and ginkgo.

[0008]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. Example 1 Spinach ( Spinacia o leracea L.) seeds 3 at room temperature
After soaking in N-sulfuric acid for 1 hour, put it in a ventilated oven.
Dry heat treatment was performed at 60 ° C. for 8 hours. Then, put it in DALTON Vibrating Sieve <Micro Shifter> 300 type, and hard rubber (volume 5 cm ³
The columnar one was vibrated together with 3 times the volume of the seed). At this time, the rotation speed of the vibrator was 3600 rotations / minute, and the phase angle was 35 degrees. The obtained seed-cover-removed seeds were further selected by a wind sorter.

Example 2 Ginseng (Leucaena leucocephala) seeds at room temperature at 25N
After dipping in sulfuric acid for 2 hours, put it in a ventilated oven 60
Dry heat treatment was performed at 24 ° C. for 24 hours. Then, put it in DALTON Vibrating Sieve <Micro Shifter> 300 type, and hard rubber (volume 5 cm ³
The columnar one was vibrated together with the seed and the same volume. At this time, the vibrator rotation speed is 3600 times / minute and the phase angle is 35
It was degree. The obtained seed-cover-removed seeds were further selected by a wind separator.

Example 3 Soil using a petri dish and a Wagner pot based on the International Seed Inspection Regulations (1989) using the fruit-cover-removed seed and the untreated seed (fruit-covered seed) obtained in Example 1. Germination test was performed. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0011]

[Table 1]

[0012]

[Table 2]

As shown in the above table, the seeds from which the fruit cover has been removed by the method of the present invention have good germination rate and germination rate, and at the time of germination, they are surely germinated from radicles,
No abnormalities in the plant body were observed.

Example 4 A germination test in a petri dish was conducted using the seed-cover-removed seeds obtained in Example 2 and the untreated seeds (seed with seeds-cover) according to the International Seed Inspection Regulations (1989). .. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0015]

[Table 3]

As shown in the above table, the seeds from which the fruit cover has been removed by the method of the present invention have a good germination rate and a good germination rate, and at the time of germination, they are surely germinated from radicles,
No abnormalities in the plant body were observed.

[0017]

According to the method for improving germination of seeds and the method for removing a fruit cover for improving germination according to the present invention, seeds having good germination rate and germination rate can be obtained.

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A method for improving germination of seeds, which comprises removing a fruit cover by mechanically destroying the fruit cover after acid-treating the seed with a fruit cover. 2. A method for removing a fruit cover by mechanically destroying the fruit cover after acid-treating the seed with a fruit cover. 3. A method for removing a fruit cover by acid-treating the fruit-covered seed, followed by dry heat treatment and then mechanically destroying the fruit cover. 4. The method of removing a fruit cover according to claim 3, wherein the dry heat treatment is performed at 35 to 70 ° C. 5. The method of removing a fruit cover according to claim 2, 3, or 4, wherein the fruit cover is brought into contact with hard rubber when the fruit cover is mechanically destroyed. 6. The method for removing a fruit cover according to claim 5, wherein when mechanically destroying the fruit cover, a vibrating screen sorter is used to perform sifting simultaneously with the destruction.