JPH0549249U - Optical copy grinding machine - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] [Purpose] When grinding a three-dimensional work such as a general-purpose blade, an optical copy grinding machine that can perform highly accurate processing by always focusing the tip of the grindstone and the processing surface provide. [Configuration] Since a woodworking cutter (work) W and a grinding wheel 13 are projected by a screen (projection device) 51, the positional relationship in a horizontal plane, that is, in the X and Y biaxial directions can be easily understood. Then, the image of the grinding wheel 13 is moved along the projected image of the woodworking cutter W, and the image of the grinding wheel 13 is moved up and down relatively with respect to the woodworking cutter W. It can be taught in three dimensions. When the machining program is created, the NC device (control device) 3 controls the positioning of the servo motor (grinding stone moving device) and the servo motor (workpiece moving device) 37 at the same time while calculating the vertical movement amount at the division points between the teaching points. The processing taught three-dimensionally can be performed accurately.

Description

[Detailed description of the device]

[0001]

[Industrial applications]

 The present invention relates to an optical profile grinding machine, and more particularly to an optical profile grinding machine suitable for grinding a three-dimensional work such as a shaped tool.

[0002]

[Prior Art]

 Conventionally, to grind shaped tools such as woodworking cutters, end mills, throw-away tips, etc., these tools are fixed on the table top with a fixing jig, etc. Teach and create NC machining program. However, the three-dimensional shaped blade has a rake angle, a lead angle, a clearance angle, etc., and even if it is projected on the projector, there will be a part that does not match the focus part, so when processing Machining is performed while manually raising and lowering the focus of the machining surface.

[0003]

[Problems to be solved by the device]

 However, in such a conventional technique, since the focus is adjusted by manually moving the table up and down during machining, there is a problem in that the tip of the grindstone and the machining surface are out of focus and the machining accuracy cannot be obtained. there were.

The object of the present invention was made by paying attention to such a conventional technique, and when grinding a three-dimensional work such as a general-purpose blade, the focus of the tip of the grindstone and the working surface is always maintained. The objective is to provide an optical copy grinding machine that can perform high-precision machining by combining the two.

[0005]

[Means for Solving the Problems]

 In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the optical profile grinding machine according to the present invention has a projection device for projecting a work and a grinding wheel at a predetermined magnification, and a planar movement along the work on which an image of the grinding wheel is projected. In addition to moving the grinding wheel image in a direction perpendicular to this plane by a predetermined amount and focusing on it, a teaching device that three-dimensionally teaches the machining shape at the shape change point and the grinding wheel in the horizontal plane. A whetstone moving device that moves the work, a work moving device that reciprocates the work up and down, or a vertical movement, and at the time of machining, when performing machining based on the machining program taught by the teaching device, while performing necessary calculations, And a control device for simultaneously controlling the grindstone moving device and the work moving device in three axes.

[0006]

[Action]

 According to the optical profile grinding machine of the present invention, since the work and the grinding wheel are projected by the projection device, the positional relationship in the horizontal plane, that is, in the X and Y biaxial directions can be easily known. Then, the image of the grindstone is moved along the projected image of the work, and the image of the grinding wheel is moved up and down relatively to the work, so that the machining shape is taught three-dimensionally at the shape change point. .. Therefore, at the time of machining, the control device calculates the vertical movement amount at the required point based on the machining program taught by the teaching device, and simultaneously controls the grindstone moving device and the work moving device on three axes simultaneously, so that the tip of the grindstone is always operated. With the focus of the machined surface, machining is performed with high accuracy.

[0007]

【Example】

 A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1, the optical profile grinding machine 1 includes an NC device 3 as a control device, a storage device 5, a teaching device 7, etc., and inputs / outputs processing information to / from the storage device 5. A control panel 9 is provided externally. A grindstone head 15 that holds the grindstone 13 above the machine base 11 rotatably supports the grindstone 13 around a shaft 17, and the grindstone head 15 can move up and down along the frame 19. It is provided in. Then, the grinding wheel 13 is rotated by a driving means 23 such as a motor provided on the back surface of the column 21 for guiding the rotation of the grinding wheel head 15 through a belt (not shown) to perform grinding.

The column 21 has a sliding surface on the lower surface, and moves in the front-rear direction (X-axis direction) along a guide groove formed on the upper surface of the pedestal 25. On the lower surface of the pedestal 25, there is provided a moving table 27 that allows the grinding wheel 13, the grinding wheel head 15, and the column 21 to move in the front-back direction. On the lower surface of the moving table 27, the grinding wheel 13, the grinding wheel 13, A Y-axis moving device 29 for moving the head 15 and the column 21 in the left-right direction (Y-axis direction) is provided.

An X-axis handle 31 and a Y-axis handle 33 are provided on the front surface of the machine base 11, and the grinding wheel 13, the grinding wheel head 15, and the column 21 are manually movable in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. There is. Although not shown, these are also movable by a servo motor as a grindstone moving device.

A table 35 is horizontally provided at a position facing the grinding wheel 13 on the upper right side of the machine base 11. Referring also to FIG. 2, a servomotor 37 controlled by the NC device 3 is attached to the upper surface of the table 35, and a rotatable work shaft 39 is supported. A woodworking cutter W, which is a work, is fixed by a work clamp WC through a work hole 39 in a central hole. The work shaft 39 is connected to the servo motor 37 by a transmission means such as a belt 41 and rotated by a desired angle to rotationally move the processed portion of the woodworking cutter W.

The table 35 is movable in the X-axis direction by the X-axis handle 45 along the guide surface of the X-axis moving table 43 provided on the lower side. Further, a Y-axis moving base 47 having a guide surface movable in the Y-axis direction is provided below the X-axis moving base 43, and a Y-axis handle 49 provided at the right end of the Y-axis moving base 47. Is rotated to move in the Y-axis direction.

On the other hand, a screen 51 as a projection device for projecting the grinding surface is provided above the grinding surfaces of the grinding wheel 13 and the woodworking cutter W which is a workpiece, and the grinding wheel 13 and the woodworking cutter W are projected. It is supposed to do. The magnification of this projector is provided so that it can be selected in several steps, and is appropriately set by input from the input device of the NC device 9.

Next, a teaching procedure for creating a machining program will be described. The woodworking cutter W to be machined is displayed on the screen 51, the grinding wheel 13 is moved in the X and Y axis directions along the machined shape, and the working shaft 39 is rotated around the C axis, thereby processing the woodworking cutter W. Move in the direction of rotation to adjust the focus and teach each shape change point. At that time, data necessary for program execution is calculated and stored each time. Further, separately, data for which the radius R of the woodworking cutter W, the division distance DL, and the like need to be set is input from the input device of the NC device 3 and stored in the storage device 5.

In the machining program created as described above, the X and Y coordinates and the rotation angle θ at each division point are obtained by dividing the teaching points from each other and performing arithmetic processing. By using a movement command (linear interpolation or circular interpolation, etc.) dedicated to the woodworking cutter W, the woodworking cutter grinding software is called and executed for each command, and grinding is performed by simultaneous three-axis control.

In the simultaneous three-axis control, the contents of the calculation executed at each division point are as follows.

Since two axes (X, Y) are linear axes and one axis (C axis) is a rotation axis, it is necessary to change all three axes to linear axes. From FIGS. 3 and 4, Y ′ = Y cos θ ... 1, Z ′ = − Y sin θ ... 2 where A: center of woodworking cutter R: radius of woodworking cutter Y: from center of woodworking cutter to grindstone Distance X; Moving distance in X-axis direction θ; Rotation angle around C-axis Y '; Distance before rotation Z'; Distance before rotation 1 and 2 are applied to the equation of surface (for arc).

AX + bY cos θ−cY sin θ + d = 0 ... 3 Further, Equations 1 and 2 are applied to a linear equation (space) (for a straight line).

(X−X1) / (X2−X1) = (Y cos θ−Y1 cos θ1) / (Y2 cos θ2 −Y1 cos θ1) = (− Y sin θ + Y1 sin θ1) / (− Y2 sin θ2 + Y1 sin θ1) converting ...... four three equations in equation for θ, c> 0, b> 0, θ = cos-1 [- (aX + d) / Y * ((c 2 + b 2) 1/2) ] - Tan- 1 (c / b) ...... 5 c <0, b> 0, θ = sin-1 [- (aX + d) / Y * ((c 2 + b 2) 1/2) ] - tan-1 (-b / c) ...... 6 c <0, b <0, θ = cos-1 [(aX + d) / Y * ((c 2 + b 2) 1/2) ] - tan-1 (c / b ) ...... 7 c > 0, b <0, θ = sin-1 [(aX + d) / Y * ((c 2 + b 2) 1/2) ] - tan-1 (-b / c ) ...... 8 3 points (X1, Y1 , Θ1) (X2, Y2, θ2) (X3, Y3, θ3), the coefficients of a, b, c, and d in equation 3 of the surface can be obtained (θ is the rotation angle of the C axis). ..

Converting equation 4 into an equation for obtaining θ, cos θ is obtained from the first term = second term .... 9 sin θ is obtained from the first term = third term. = Substitute in sin θ / cos θ to obtain θ.

Θ = tan-110 / 9 ... 11 (where 9 ≠ 0) From the second term = third term, when converted to an equation for obtaining θ, α = Y2cosθ2−Y1cosθ1 and β = −Y2sinθ2 + Y1sinθ1 And θ = sin-1 (γ / Y) −tan-1 (β / α) ... 12 (where X2−X1 = 0) γ is γ = Y [sin θ1 + tan-1 (β / α )] By teaching two points, θ can be obtained from the equation (4).

For example, in the case of machining the curve shown in FIG. 5, if the end point is substituted in the equation obtained above and the machining is performed while moving at once, the machining surface swells and the focal point of the curved surface is changed. It will not match [same as normal helical cutting]. FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the movement component in the Y-axis direction and the rotation angle of the C-axis at this time. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, the amount of movement in the X and Y directions is divided by the specified dividing distance, and is substituted into the above-obtained formula to calculate θ (rotation angle) and X to each dividing point, Machining is performed while rotating along with movement in the Y direction. By repeating this process until the end point is reached, the work surface can always be focused. FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the movement component in the Y-axis direction and the rotation angle of the work shaft 39 at this time.

Next, the overall operation will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10.

First, in step S1, setting values such as the radius R of the woodworking cutter W and the division distance DL are input from the input device of the NC device 3 and stored in the storage device 5. Then, referring to FIG. 11 together, in step S2, the woodworking cutter W and the grinding wheel 13 are projected on the screen 51, and the image of the grinding wheel 13 is shown in X and Y along the machining shape of the woodworking cutter W. Move in the axial direction. Then, at the shape change point, the work shaft 39 is moved to vertically move the processing portion of the woodworking cutter W to focus the work. This is taught in order.

The execution of the machining program created in this way is started. That is, a movement command (linear interpolation or circular interpolation, etc.) dedicated to the woodworking cutter W is called (S4 step), and the above-mentioned calculation is performed for each division point according to this (S5 step). The rotation angle θ is obtained (S6 step). Then, by rotating the work shaft 39, the woodworking cutter W is rotated by the required rotation angle θ obtained in step S6, and the grindstone head 15 is moved in the required amounts X and Y axis directions (step S7). .. The amount of movement at this time is determined by the division distance DL input as the setting condition. Next, it is judged whether or not the moving process is completed (step S8), and if the moving process is not completed yet, the process returns to step S6 to perform further axial movement. Further, it is judged whether or not the execution of the machining program is completed (S9 step), and if the machining program is not completed, the process returns to the step S4 and the same processing as described above is performed. If all the machining programs have been completed, the execution of the machining program is completed (S10 step).

In this way, the woodworking cutter W and the grinding wheel 13 are projected onto the screen 51, the image of the grinding wheel 13 is moved along the projected image of the woodworking cutter W, and the woodworking cutter W is moved relative to the woodworking cutter W. Since the image of the grinding wheel 13 is moved up and down to be taught, the processed shape is taught three-dimensionally at the shape change point. Therefore, at the time of machining, the servo motor 37 simultaneously controls the rotational position or the three axes so that it can move up and down based on the machining program displayed on the teaching device 7, so that the tip of the grindstone and the machining surface are always focused. Since the processing is performed while the processing is performed, the processing can be performed with high accuracy.

In the above-described embodiment, the woodworking cutter W is attached to the work shaft 39, and the vertical movement of the working portion is performed by rotating the work shaft 39, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, as shown in FIG. 12, a work clamp WC may be provided on the upper surface of the table 35, and an elevator 55 that moves up and down by a servo motor 53 may be provided below the Y-axis moving base 47.

In this case, the NC device 3 controls the servo motor 53 to move the Y-axis moving base 47, the X-axis moving base 43, and the table 35 up and down by the elevator 55 to be clamped on the upper surface of the table 35. The woodworking cutter W that is being used is vertically positioned. Even in this case, three-axis control is possible as in the above embodiment.

In the above-mentioned embodiment, the one in which the woodworking cutter W is ground as the work is described, but the present invention is not limited to this, and can be applied to various general-purpose blades.

[0030]

[Effect of the device]

 The optical profile grinding machine according to the present invention is configured as described above. Since the work and the grinding wheel are projected by the projection device, the positional relationship in the horizontal plane, that is, in the X and Y biaxial directions is easy. Recognize. Then, the image of the grindstone is moved along the projected image of the work, and the image of the grinding wheel is moved vertically or rotationally relative to the work to teach the machining shape three-dimensionally at the shape change point. Further, at the time of machining, the grindstone moving device and the work moving device are simultaneously controlled on three axes based on the machining program taught by the teaching device. Therefore, since the processing is always performed while focusing the tip of the grindstone and the processing surface, the processing can be performed with high accuracy.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing an embodiment of an optical profile grinding machine according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of a vertical positioning device for a woodworking cutter.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a state in which the woodworking cutter is rotated around the C axis.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a relationship between rotation axis coordinates and linear axis coordinates.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a processed shape.

6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the movement component in the Y-axis direction and the rotation angle of the C-axis for the processing of FIG.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a processed shape by division.

8 is a diagram showing the relationship between the movement component in the Y-axis direction and the rotation angle of the C-axis for the processing of FIG.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing an overall flow.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart for creating a machining program.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing a positional relationship between a grinding wheel and a woodworking cutter at a processing position.

FIG. 12 is a front view showing another example of a vertical positioning device for a woodworking cutter.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Optical Copy Grinding Machine 3 NC Device (Control Device) 7 Teaching Device 13 Grinding Wheel 35 Table (Work Holding Device) 51 Screen (Projection Device) W Woodworking Cutter (Work)

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] 1. A projection device for projecting a work and a grinding wheel at a predetermined magnification, and a plane movement of the grinding wheel image along the projected work, and a predetermined amount of the grinding wheel image perpendicular to the plane. A teaching device that three-dimensionally teaches a processing shape at a shape change point by relatively moving and focusing, and a whetstone moving device that moves a grinding wheel in a horizontal plane,
A work moving device for vertically reciprocating or vertically rotating a work, and the grinding wheel moving device and the work moving device at the same time while performing necessary calculations when performing processing based on a processing program taught by the teaching device during processing. An optical profile grinding machine comprising a control device for controlling three axes.