JPH0543989A - Hard magnetic material and its production - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve the magnetic properties of a hard magnetic material while using a composition having superior cost performance characteristic and to extend the use of the hard magnetic material. CONSTITUTION:The material is a hard magnetic material having the following composition formula, Fe100-alpha-betaMalphaXbeta where M means at least one element selected from the group consisting of Co, Ni, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W, B, C, Si, P, and S, X means N and/or H, and the symbols (alpha and beta) stand for 1-20 and 1-25 by atomic ratio, respectively. The method for producing this hard magnetic material consists essentially of alloying the constituent elements, other than X, in the above composition formula, forming the resulting alloy into ribbon state or flake state by a melt-spin ribbon process, and then subjecting the above, in the above state or after crushing, to heat treatment at <=1500 deg.C in an atmosphere containing at least one kind among nitrogen gas, hydrogen gas, and ammonia gas.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a hard magnetic material having excellent magnetic properties and cost performance, and a method for producing the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, hard magnetic materials have been used in increasing amounts as materials for permanent magnets or magnetic recording media. The conventional hard magnetic material will be described below mainly with respect to permanent magnets. Generally, the properties required for hard magnetic materials are
Saturation magnetization (hereinafter referred to as 4πIs) and residual magnetic flux density (hereinafter referred to as Br) are large, coercive force (hereinafter referred to as iHc) is large, and maximum magnetic energy as a result of these (hereinafter referred to as (BH) max) And the Curie point (hereinafter referred to as Tc) is sufficiently high. Currently, hard ferrite materials, alnico materials, and rare earth-transition metal materials are used as hard magnetic materials. For example, rare earth-transition metal materials include Sm.
-Co type 1-5 type, 2-17 type, Nd-Fe-B type, etc. are used.

[0003]

However, the conventional hard magnetic materials have the following problems. That is,
Hard ferrite is inexpensive, but has low magnetic properties. Alnico is relatively expensive, and iHc is one of the magnetic properties.
Is low, and the rare earth-transition metal system has high magnetic properties, but is quite expensive. That is, the conventional hard magnetic materials are all (BH) max / (gram ·
Since the cost performance represented by (yen) is not so large, there are limitations in industrial use, and there is a problem that it is not possible to sufficiently achieve miniaturization and high performance of applied equipment.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and provides a hard magnetic material which is inexpensive and has high magnetic properties and excellent magnetic properties against price, and which is excellent in cost performance, and a manufacturing method thereof. With the goal.

[0005]

In order to achieve this object, the present invention proposes a hard magnetic material having the following composition formula.

[Chemical 2] However, M is Co, Ni, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Zr,
At least one selected from Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W, B, C, Si, P and S. X is composed of at least one of N and H and has the following atomic ratio range. 1 ≦ α ≦ 20 1 ≦ β ≦ 25

Further, the production of the hard magnetic material having the above composition is
First, the constituent elements other than X in the above composition formula are first alloyed, and then they are formed into ribbons or flakes by the quenching ribbon method, and are crushed as they are or after being crushed at a temperature of 1500 ° C. or lower, nitrogen gas, hydrogen gas or It can be obtained by performing a heat treatment in an atmosphere containing at least one kind of ammonia gas as a basic step.

[0007]

With such a structure, it has both the advantages that it has high magnetic properties and that it is possible to use inexpensive raw materials mainly composed of iron alloys. Material can be provided.

[0008]

EXAMPLES Examples of the present invention will be described below. The present invention is

[Chemical 3] The iron-based hard magnetic material has a composition represented by the general formula M is Co (cobalt), Ni (nickel), T
i (titanium), V (vanadium), Cr (chrome), M
n (manganese), Zr (zirconium), Nb (niobium), Mo (molybdenum), Hf (hafnium), Ta
(Tantalum), W (tungsten), B (boron), C
(Carbon), Si (silicon), P (phosphorus) or S (sulfur)
One or more are selected from among, and the atomic ratio α is 1 ≦
It is set in the range of α ≦ 20.

Further, for X, one or both of N (nitrogen) and H (hydrogen) is selected, and the atomic ratio β is set within the range of 1 ≦ β ≦ 25.

The reason why 1 ≦ α ≦ 20 is set is that when α <1, stable nitrogen or an alloy containing nitrogen and hydrogen cannot be obtained, and when α> 20, Br in the magnetic properties is lowered. is there. Further, 1 ≦ β ≦ 25 is set so that when β <1, the content of nitrogen or nitrogen and hydrogen is too small to show high magnetic properties, and when β> 25, the amount of non-magnetic components becomes too large, resulting in magnetic properties. This is because the excellent product cannot be obtained. However, the value of β can be adjusted to some extent by heat treatment.

Next, a method for producing such a hard magnetic material will be described together with an experimental procedure carried out to confirm the effect of the hard magnetic material of the present invention. The Fe-M alloy composition shown in Table 1 was used in the experiment, and the Fe-M-X hard magnetic material of the present embodiment obtained by injecting or compounding nitrogen or hydrogen into this Fe-M hard magnetic material. Of the Fe-M alloy composition as in the above-mentioned example, but without the nitrogen penetration treatment or the compounding treatment, the magnetic characteristics of the same are also measured and compared. Went by. The experiment was performed according to the following procedure.

Alloy before introduction of element X, namely Fe-M
The alloy was prepared by weighing and mixing the respective metal elements or semi-metal elements and arc-melting them. The arc button was heat-treated as necessary to make it uniform, and then crushed into small pieces, which were then formed into ribbons or flakes by the rapid cooling ribbon method. Depending on the composition of the Fe-M alloy, it was difficult to inject it, but in that case, it was adjusted by the nozzle diameter and the gas pressure. In addition, by the quenching ribbon method, it is possible to obtain either an amorphous form or a fine crystal grain aggregate form, but by adjusting the quenching rate,
A fine crystal grain aggregate was used. However, once amorphized, the heat treatment to precipitate fine crystals is also appropriately adopted as another embodiment.

Next, the average particle size of this product is about 100 μm.
It was pulverized until it became a powder. This powder is put in a heat treatment furnace, and is placed in a nitrogen gas or ammonia gas atmosphere for 300 times.
By heating at a temperature of ~ 1500 ° C for 1-10 hours, nitrogen alone or nitrogen and hydrogen are simultaneously introduced into the Fe-M alloy.
-X-based hard magnetic material powder was used. Br and iH of this powder
c was measured by VSM. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0014]

[Table 1]

As is clear from Table 1, Examples 1 to 15, which are hard magnetic materials of the present invention, can obtain higher Br and higher iHc than Comparative Examples 1 to 3, and particularly iH.
As for c, the size of iHc required for practical use is 1KO.
It can be seen that excellent values of e and above are realized.

In the examples, more preferable M is Co, Ni, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Zr, Nb, M.
At least one selected from o, Hf, Ta, W, B, C, Si, P and S is used, but Al (aluminum) and C are also used for the purpose of improving magnetic properties.
u (copper), Zn (zinc), Ga (gallium), Ge (germanium), Sn (tin), Sb (antimony), B
It is also possible to use i (bismuth), Mg (magnesium), Ca (calcium) or misch metal, didymium alloy, etc. together.

Naturally, those containing oxygen and chlorine, which are industrially unavoidable impurities, in the composition are also included in the present invention. Further, in the above-mentioned Examples, a quenching ribbon method, which is a more preferable manufacturing method, is shown, and after a ribbon-shaped or flake-shaped Fe-M alloy is obtained, this is pulverized into a powder, It is also possible to employ a commonly used alloying method or powdering method, for example, high frequency melting or various milling methods. As the quenching method, various high-speed quenching methods such as a single roll method, a twin roll method, a disk method, an atomizing method, and a thermal spraying method can be used. Further, with respect to the introduction of the X component, at least one of nitrogen gas, hydrogen gas or ammonia gas is preferably used.
Although the atmosphere is made of at least one kind, an argon gas or the like may be mixed in addition to these gases, or a carburizing gas may be mixed. Further, the gas pressure is not limited to 1 atm, and the heat treatment may be performed under high pressure, for example. Further, although nitrogen or the like was once made into a powder in the examples, nitrogen or the like may be introduced into a ribbon-shaped, flake-shaped, or small-lump Fe-M alloy if possible.
Further, in each step, application of a magnetic field can be combined to manufacture a hard magnetic material having higher characteristics. Similarly,
Before or after each step, a heat treatment step or a curing step can be added if necessary.

As described above, according to the hard magnetic material of the present invention, a powdery hard magnetic material having excellent magnetic properties can be obtained at a low cost and high cost performance can be realized. By producing a bonded magnet or a bulk-shaped permanent magnet using the same, it is possible to contribute to the expansion of applications of the permanent magnet.

[0019]

According to the composition and manufacturing method of the present invention, it is possible to obtain an iron-based hard magnetic material having high magnetic characteristics and being inexpensive and excellent in cost performance. Therefore, the problem of achieving high magnetic properties while using inexpensive raw materials, which was difficult to achieve with conventional hard ferrite-based, alnico-based, or rare earth-transition metal-based hard magnetic materials, can be achieved, and industrial use of hard magnetic materials can be achieved. It is possible to greatly relax the restrictions in use, and expand the applications of the hard magnetic material.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁵ Identification code Internal reference number FI technical display part H01F 1/06

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A hard magnetic material having the following composition formula: [Chemical 1] However, M is Co, Ni, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Zr,
Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W, B, C, Si, P or S
At least one selected from. X is composed of at least one of N and H and has the following atomic ratio range. 1 ≦ α ≦ 20 1 ≦ β ≦ 25 2. The compositional elements according to claim 1, wherein the constituent elements except X are first alloyed and then formed into ribbons or flakes by the quenching ribbon method, and as such or after crushing, at a temperature of 1500 ° C. or lower. A method for producing a hard magnetic material, which is basically constituted by heat treatment in an atmosphere containing at least one of nitrogen gas, hydrogen gas and ammonia gas.