JPH0542452A - Non-circularity working method by machining and non-circularity nc working machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a non-circularity working method and NC working machine for shaft material in which the rake angle in cutting work of a tool is made constant to provide a product with a good shape precision. CONSTITUTION:A main spindle 11 of C-axial control, a tool rest 22 of X-axial and Y-axial control, and the turret 23 of Ct-axial control of the tool rest parallel to the C axis are synchronously controlled by an NC, and, in machining, the radially mounted tool edge of the turret 23 is situated on the X-asis by their synthetic motions, and the rake angle of a tool cutter edge is controlled to fixed angle to the tangent in the cutting point of a cutting surface.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a machining method and an NC machining machine suitable especially for non-round machining of the outer diameter of a shaft.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a non-round processing method, there is Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-262901 previously proposed by the applicant. This is shown in Figs.
The chuck 2 of the spindle 1 having the C-axis control function as shown in FIG.
A rotary tool shaft 5 having a collet 5 on a turret 4 which can be swivel indexed is supported by the Z-axis direction axis of a turret tool post 3 whose X-axis and Z-axis positions are controlled with respect to the workpiece gripped by the Z-axis.
The collet of the rotary tool shaft 5 which is rotatably provided in the axial direction and which is indexed to the machining position has a handle 6 and an L-shaped tool holder 7 having a cutting edge line on the shaft center line of the handle. Mount the tool with the bite T1 fixed to the L-shaped head in the radial direction.
Then, by the NC control, the combined movement of the rotation of the workpiece on the C-axis control and the movement of the cutting tool T1 on the X-axis control and the rotary tool axis so that the rake angle α of the cutting tool T1 becomes a constant angle with respect to the tangent line of the cutting point. (Ma axis) is controlled and a predetermined non-round shape is machined on the outer circumference.

[0003]

In this case, the tool cutting edge must be mounted so as to be located at the center of the rotary tool axis, but it is difficult to align the cutting edge with the rotation center, and the deviation thereof causes machining of the workpiece. There is a problem of shape error. Further, since the L-shaped tool holder is used, there is a problem that the machining becomes difficult or impossible due to interference in machining the shaft.
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a non-round machining method and an NC machining machine by turning which can correct a mounting error of a tool and have high machining accuracy. It is the one we are trying to provide.

[0004]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a rotation control axis C axis of a spindle, a control axis X axis in a direction perpendicular to the spindle of a turret tool post, and the C of the turret tool post. Axis and the control axis Y-axis perpendicular to the X-axis, and the turning angle control axis Ct-axis of the turret which is arranged in parallel with the C-axis and is used to mount the tool, are combined to make the tool edge X-axis. The cutting is performed while being controlled so that the rake angle of the tool cutting edge located above is a constant angle with respect to the tangent line at the cutting point on the cutting surface.

Further, a main shaft capable of controlling C-axis rotation, a turret tool post capable of controlling an X axis in a direction perpendicular to the main axis and a Y axis control in a direction perpendicular to the X axis and the C axis, and the turret tool post having A turret which is pivotally supported by a Ct axis parallel to the C axis, and a tool mounted in a radial direction of the turret;
It includes a control unit for synchronously controlling the control axes so that the tool cutting edge is located on the X-axis during cutting and the rake angle of the tool cutting edge is a constant angle with respect to the tangent line at the cutting point of the cutting surface. It is a waste.

Further, the rotation control axis C axis of the main shaft, the control axis X axis of the turret tool post in the direction orthogonal to the main axis, and the turning angle control axis Ct of the turret which is arranged in parallel with the C axis and is equipped with a tool.
Axis and the turning control axis Ma axis of the tool parallel to the Ct axis, the tool edge is located on the X axis by the combined movement by simultaneous control, and the rake angle of the tool cutting edge is relative to the tangent line at the cutting point of the cutting surface. Cutting while controlling so as to have a constant angle,

Further, there is provided a spindle capable of controlling C-axis rotation, a turret tool post capable of controlling X-axis in a direction perpendicular to the main axis, and a turret which is pivotally supported by the turret tool post at a Ct axis parallel to the C-axis. A rotary tool shaft that is rotationally controlled by a Ma axis parallel to the Ct axis on the turret, a tool that is mounted on the rotary tool shaft in the radial direction of the turret, and a tool edge during cutting is located on the X axis and a tool cutting The control unit synchronously controls all the control axes so that the rake angle of the blade becomes a constant angle with respect to the tangent line at the cutting point of the cutting surface, and includes a control unit.

[0008]

According to the first and second aspects of the present invention, the main axis is controlled by the C axis, the tool is controlled by the X, Y, Ct axes, and the radius R of the workpiece machining point at the X axis angle θ, the tool angle θ _{1, and the} Ct axis are used. Θ ₂ = θ _1, Y = L ₁ sin θ _1, X = R + L ₁ (1-cos as the distance L _{1 to the} cutting edge)
Each axis is controlled so as to satisfy the control formula of θ ₁ ), and the tool movement edge is positioned on the X-axis by the combined motion, and the non-round circle is turned with a constant rake angle.

According to the third and fourth aspects, the spindle is controlled by the C-axis,
The tool is controlled by X, Ct, and Ma axes, the radius of the machining point of the workpiece is R at the C axis angle θ, and at the tool angle θ ₁ , the Ct axis angle θ _{3, the} Ma axis angle θ _{2, and the} Ct axis to the Ma axis. Distance L
₁ , as the distance L ₂ from the Ma axis to the tool edge, θ ₃ = sin ⁻¹ {(L ₂ / L ₁ ) · sin θ ₁ } θ ₂ = π−θ ₁ −θ ₃ X = R + L ₁ (1-cos θ ₃ ) + L ₂ (1-cos θ ₃ ) Each axis is controlled so as to satisfy the control formula, and the combined motion makes the tool cutting edge position on the X-axis, and the rake angle is constant. To do.

[0010]

Embodiment An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. In the well-known NC lathe, the chuck 1 is attached to the headstock 10.
A C-axis turning controllable main shaft 11 fitted with 2 is rotatably supported. A guide surface 14 in a direction perpendicular to the main shaft 11 (C axis) (Y axis) is formed on a slide 13 (not shown) which can be controlled to move and position in the Z axis direction, and is perpendicular to the main shaft 11 and the Y axis direction. An intermediate stand 16 having a guide surface 15 in the cutting direction (X axis) cut on the upper surface is fitted to the guide surface 14. The middle stand 16 is controlled by NC and the saddle 13
A feed screw 20 rotated by a servo motor 19 provided with an encoder 18 is provided to control the movement and positioning in the Y-axis direction via a female screw. A turret tool post 22 is placed on the guide surface 15 of the intermediate stand 16, and a turret 23 is provided so as to be rotatable about an axis (Ct axis) parallel to the C axis.

A gear 32 is fixed to a central shaft 31 of the turret 23, and is rotated by a servomotor 35 with an encoder 34 via a gear group 36. Further, the tool rest 22 is moved and positioned in the X-axis direction via a female screw by a feed screw 40 rotated by a servo motor 39 with an encoder 38 provided on the middle stand 16. Further, a tool holder 43 fixes a bite T2 to the turret 23 in the radial direction of the turret. Next, in FIG. 2 showing a control block diagram, 5
1 is a machining program memory for storing a machining program in advance, 52 is a control data memory for storing data calculated by a control data section described later, and 53 is an X for non-round shape machining.
Machining data memory for storing machining data consisting of axis and C axis data in advance, 54 is a program reading section for reading out a command from the machining program memory, 55 is a C axis for non-round machining from machining data, X axis,
A control data calculation unit for calculating control data for Ct axis and Y axis,

Reference numeral 56 interprets the read program and issues a control data calculation command, and a non-round machining mode UC-M.
Whether it is D or the true circle machining mode C-MD is discriminated, and in the case of the axis movement command in the true circle machining mode, the command value COMA of the axis is read out and the control data is read out in the case of the non-round machining mode.
9 is a program interpreting section for outputting a control data read command, and 57 is an axis movement command COMA from the program interpreting section.
Z-axis function generating section for calculating and outputting Z-axis command CONZ based on, 58, X, C, Ct, Y-axis function generating section for calculating and outputting X, C, Ct, Y-axis command CONZ, 59 is control data A control data reading unit for issuing a read command from the control data memory 52, 60 includes an AND circuit and an OR circuit, and Z, X, C, Ct, and Y axes according to the mode signal UC-MD or C-MD from the program interpreting unit 56. A switching unit for switching commands to the Z axis driving unit, a Z axis driving unit 61, an X axis driving unit 62,
63 is a C-axis drive unit, 64 is a Ct-axis drive unit, and 65 is a Y-axis drive unit.

The operation of the present invention having such a configuration will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. First, as shown in FIG. 3, the machining method of the present invention is such that, as shown in FIG. 3, the turret rotation axis Ct axis, the main axis of the tool rest 22, the X axis perpendicular to the C axis, and the movement axis Y of the tool rest 22 perpendicular to the C axis and the X axis. The rake angle α with respect to the machining surface of the tool is controlled to be constant by the combined movement of the three axes. That is, the radius of the workpiece at the C-axis angle θ ₀ is R,
If the tool angle for E that keeps the rake angle constant is θ ₁ , then C
When the t-axis angle θ _{2, the} Y-axis position Y, and the X-axis position X are set, the control equation is θ ₂ = θ ₁ Y = L ₁ × sin θ ₁ X = R + L ₁ (1-cos θ ₁ ). However, L ₁ is the distance from the center of the turret rotation axis to the tool edge. Since the value varies depending on the tool set, θ ₁ = 0 and Y = 0 are set when the tool is set, and the value is found in the machining data memory 53 by the usual tool offset method.

When a machining command is issued there, step S1
At 1, the program reading unit 54 reads one block of the program from the machining program memory 51. In step S2, the program interpreter 56 interprets the program contents, and in step S3 it is determined whether the command is a control data operation command. If YES, the processed data is read from the processed data memory 53 in step S5. In step S6, the control data calculation unit 55 causes X, C, C
The control data for the t and Y axes are calculated. The data calculated in the control data memory 52 in step S7 is written, and the process proceeds to step S13. If NO in step S3, non-round machining mode UC-M in step S4
Judge whether it is D or not. If NO in the case of perfect circle machining C-MD, in step S10, other axis movement commands COMA
Determine whether or not.

If YES, then in step S11 Z
The Z-axis command CONZ is calculated by the axis function generator 57, and X,
The C, Ct, Y-axis function generator 58 causes X, C, Ct, Y
The axis command CONA is calculated, and a command value is generated as a function to issue a command. If NO in step S10, the process proceeds to step S13. If YES in step S4, the control data reading unit 59 reads the control data for the X, C, Ct, and Y axes from the control data memory 52, and in step S9, the switching unit 60 performs X, C, Ct, Y by time sharing.
It outputs to each drive unit 62, 63, 64, 65 of the shaft. In step S12, it is determined whether or not the control data ends, and if NO, the process returns to step S8. If YES, it is determined in step S13 whether the machining program is over,
If NO, the process returns to step S1, and if YES, all the processes are ended.

[0016]

Second Embodiment A second embodiment will be described below with reference to FIG. On a bed of a well-known NC lathe, a tool rest 71 provided so as to be movable and positioned in the X and Z axis directions is provided with a swivel axis 73 about an axis (Ct axis) parallel to the central axis C axis of the main spindle 11. A turret 72 is provided so as to be rotatable. The rotation of the turret 72 is controlled by the rotation of the output shaft of a servo motor 75 with an encoder 74, which is transmitted through a gear group 76 to a gear 77 which is fixed to a rotation shaft 73. Turret 7
2 has a plurality of tools attached in the radial direction,
At least one of them is a rotary tool shaft 7 parallel to the Ct axis.
9 (Ma axis) is rotatably supported by a bearing, and a tool holder 80 having a bite T mounted in a radial direction is attached to a chuck at a tip end. A bevel gear 81 attached to the rear end of the rotary tool shaft 79 meshes with a bevel gear 83 of an intermediate shaft 82 rotatably supported in the radial direction of the turret 72. Further, a rotary shaft 85 is inserted through a center hole of the swivel shaft 73, is rotatably supported by a bearing, and a bevel gear 86 is attached to an end inside the turret 72 and meshes with a bevel gear 87 attached to an end of the intermediate shaft 82. ing. The swivel shaft 85 has a gear 8 at the rear end.
8 is attached, and this gear meshes with the gear 91 of the output shaft of the servomotor 90 with the encoder 89.

The elements of this control block diagram are the same as those shown in FIG. 2, but the part related to the Y axis is the Ma axis. That is, the Y address of the control data memory is Ma, the Y of the axis function generating unit 58 is Ma, the Y and OR circuit of the switching unit 60 is Ma, and the OR circuit, and the Y axis drive unit 65 is M.
2 will be read as described above because it becomes the drive unit of a. According to the present invention configured as described above, the turret rotation axis Ct axis, the tool holder rotation axis Ma axis, and the main axis axis C axis of the tool rest are combined with the movement control axis X axis at right angles to the machined surface of the tool T. The rake angle is controlled to be constant.

The radius of the workpiece at the C-axis angle θ ₀ is R,
If the tool angle is θ _{1 in} order to keep the rake angle constant,
The control expressions for the Ct-axis angle θ ₃ , the Ma-axis angle θ ₂ , and the X-axis position X are θ ₃ = sin ⁻¹ {(L ₂ / L ₁ ) · sin θ ₁ } θ ₂ = π−θ ₁ −θ ₃ X = R + L ₁ (1-cos θ ₃ ) + L ₂ (1-cos θ ₃ ). However, L ₁ is the distance from the turret rotation axis center Ct axis to the tool rotation axis center Ma axis, L ₂ is the distance from the holder rotation axis center Ma axis to the tool cutting edge, and when the tool is set θ ₁ = θ ₂ = θ _It is calculated by a normal tool offset method with ₃ = 0. The obtained data is input to the processed data memory 53. The flowchart of the control of this method is the same as that of FIG. 4, but the Y axis and the Ma axis are read in the step corresponding to the block diagram, and the flowchart and description are omitted.

[0019]

Since the present invention is constructed as described above, the present invention has the following effects. The clearance angle of the tool can be reduced, a sufficient edge angle can be secured, the rigidity of the tool is increased, and heavy cutting is possible. Further, the rake angle of the tool with respect to the workpiece can be made constant, and a non-round working surface with good product quality can be obtained. Further, since it is possible to align the cutting edge with the center of tool rotation by a normal tool offset method, it becomes easy to set the tool.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of a tool post structure of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a control block diagram of the same.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of processed data.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart of control.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of a conventional tool rest structure.

FIG. 6 is a view in which an outer diameter cutting tool is similarly attached to a rotary tool.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a positional relationship between a Ma axis and a tool edge.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a positional relationship between a conventional workpiece and a tool.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a positional relationship between a conventional workpiece and a tool.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a positional relationship between a conventional workpiece and a tool.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory view of a structure of a tool rest according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of processed data according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of Codes] 13 Saddle 16 Middle stand 22,71 Turret stand 23,72
Turret 31,73 Swivel axis 43,80
Holder 79 Rotating tool axis T1, T
2, T3 byte

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A rotation control axis C axis of a spindle, a control axis X axis perpendicular to the spindle of a turret tool post, and a control axis Y axis perpendicular to the C axis and the X axis of the turret tool post. , The tool cutting edge is located on the X-axis and the rake angle of the tool cutting edge is cut on the cutting surface by the combined movement by the simultaneous control of the turning angle control axis Ct axis of the turret which is arranged in parallel with the C-axis and which mounts the tool. A non-round machining method by turning, which is characterized in that cutting is performed while controlling the angle to a tangent line at a point. 2. A C-axis controllable spindle, and a Y-axis controllable in the direction perpendicular to the C-axis and in a direction perpendicular to the X-axis and the C-axis.
A turret tool post capable of axis control, a turret supported by the turret tool post so as to be pivotally controllable by a Ct axis parallel to the C axis, a tool mounted in the radial direction of the turret, and a tool tip during cutting. It is characterized in that it includes a control unit located on the X-axis and synchronously controlling the control axis so that the rake angle of the tool cutting edge becomes a constant angle with respect to the tangent line at the cutting point of the cutting surface. Non-round NC processing machine by turning. 3. A rotation control axis C axis of a spindle, a control axis X axis in a direction orthogonal to the spindle of a turret tool post, a turning angle control axis Ct axis of a turret which is arranged in parallel with the C axis and on which a tool is mounted, The tool cutting edge is positioned on the X-axis by the combined movement by simultaneous control of the tool turning control axis Ma axis parallel to the Ct axis, and the rake angle of the tool cutting edge is a constant angle with respect to the tangent line at the cutting point of the cutting surface. A non-round machining method by turning, which is characterized by cutting while controlling so that 4. A turret in which a C-axis turning control is possible, an X-axis controllable turret in a direction orthogonal to the main axis, and a turret rotatably supported by the turret turret by a Ct axis parallel to the C-axis. And a control axis Ma parallel to the Ct axis on the turret
A rotary tool axis controlled by a shaft, a tool mounted on the rotary tool axis in the radial direction of the turret, the tool edge during cutting is located on the X axis, and the rake angle of the tool cutting edge is for cutting the cutting surface. A non-round NC processing machine by turning, which includes a control unit for synchronously controlling all control axes so as to form a constant angle with respect to a tangent at a point, and performing a synthetic motion.