JPH0540407Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] "Industrial application field" This invention is used to continuously and automatically measure and record the relative movement of structures such as long rails and bridges. The present invention relates to an automatic measuring device for the relative displacement of a structure that measures the displacement.

``Background of the Idea'' Railway rail joints are subject to large shocks and vibrations caused by wheels, so the rail ends, joint plates, trackbed ballast, etc. that make up the joints are subject to significant wear, loosening, and fatigue. As a result, deterioration phenomena such as dropped joints, broken rail ends, and mud spraying occur, making it the weakest point of the track in terms of track maintenance costs, ride comfort, and safety.

Therefore, the trend around the world is to weld the joints, which are the weak points of track, to make long rails. Especially when operating at high speeds, the use of long rails is essential to avoid damage to the ballast at the joints and to extend maintenance intervals. In recent years, the use of long rails has been actively promoted and is playing a leading role in the modernization of track.

Generally, rails expand and contract due to temperature changes, but with long rails, if the necessary trackbed resistance is secured, only a section of about 100m from the end of the rail will expand or contract, and the center will be almost completely restrained by the trackbed resistance. , becomes an immovable section.

From the standpoint of track stability, it is desirable to have a long stationary section, and the longer the long rail is, the more advantageous it is, but its length is limited by the insulation of the signal track section or the bridge section.

Generally, the amount of expansion and contraction at the end of the long rail reaches around 100mm. Therefore, it became necessary to take measures to accommodate the amount of expansion and contraction at the ends of the long rails, and this was achieved by using expansion joints.

The expansion joint is made up of a tongue rail whose end is cut off diagonally and a receiving rail whose end is bent outside the track in a dogleg shape. As the end of the long rail extends and the design stroke limit of the expansion joint disappears, the tongue rail will come into contact with the notch in the receiving rail, and as this progresses further, the tongue rail will overhang the gauge and become significantly smaller. It becomes a dangerous situation.

On the other hand, when the long rail contracts and the end of the long rail moves significantly toward the fixed point, it exceeds the limits of the opposite direction between the tongue rail and the receiving rail, expands into the gauge, and receives the train load on a small section of the tongue rail. This is also a dangerous situation.
Therefore, controlling the amount of expansion and contraction at the expansion joint is the most important factor in ensuring the safety of train running.

"Conventional technology" When measuring the amount of expansion and contraction at the end of a conventional long rail,
Make a mark with a punch or the like based on the positional relationship between the tongue rail and receiving rail when the long rail was initially set up, and measure the deviation of the mark with a measuring tool, or place a mark on one side of the long rail as shown in Figure 7. Attach the scale plate and attach arm 2 to the other side of the long rail. When the long rail is initially set up, set the tip of arm 2 so that it matches the center 0 point scale attached to scale plate 1, and then periodically adjust the arm 2. In some cases, an expansion/contraction measuring device is used which measures the amount of expansion/contraction of the long rail by measuring the amount of deviation from the zero point indicated by the tip of the long rail.

"Problems that the invention attempts to solve" In the conventional technique and the former technique, there are differences depending on the experience and skill level of the measurer, and it is difficult to perform accurate measurements.

Furthermore, when using the expansion/contraction measurement device shown in Figure 7, although the reading error due to the experience and skill level of the measurer is reduced, it is virtually impossible to measure automatically and continuously. be.

Therefore, with conventional technology, it is not possible to accurately grasp changes in the amount of expansion and contraction at all expansion joint installation points, and it is therefore necessary to estimate the degree of expansion and contraction of the rail, which was not actually measured, based on the amount of expansion and contraction measured at a specific point in time. It turns out.

For these reasons, it is difficult to say that measuring the amount of expansion and contraction at the ends of long rails by hand alone can ensure the safety of train running.

In addition, continuous manual measurement is not limited to long rails, but also in cases such as recording the growth of cracks in concrete buildings, measuring displacement of fixed points such as the ground or rocks, or measuring the behavior of bridge girders. It's difficult.

The purpose of this invention is to have sufficient durability against vibrations caused by repeated train loads and weather changes such as rainfall, and to enable installation and adjustment that allows for continuous and automatic measurement and recording without manual intervention. Another object of the present invention is to provide an automatic measuring device for the relative movement of a structure that is easy to remove.

``Means for solving the problem'' This invention includes at least a displacement detection period in which the displacement caused by the movement of the movable shaft is output as an electrical signal to one of the two structures that may move relative to each other; A wire winding device is connected to the movable shaft of the device through an elastic member, and the main body of the measuring device is fixed, and a wire fixing fitting is attached to the other structure to resist the elastic force pulled from the wire winding device. By connecting the wire fixing knob attached to the end of the drawn wire to this wire fixing fitting, the wire end is fixed to the other structure, and the two structures are connected with the wire. . In addition, the measuring device main body and wire winding device are housed in a case, and the simple structure is provided with a grease chamber in the part of the case where the wire is pulled out, thereby creating a rainproof structure that prevents rainwater from entering the case.

According to the configuration of this invention, the relative movement of one or both of the structures is converted into the movement of the wire winding device through the wire, and the movement of the wire winding device is transmitted through the elastic member to the movable shaft of the displacement detector. and the displacement detector is displaced. This displacement is converted into an electrical signal and extracted, so
The amount of relative movement of structures can be detected as an electrical signal.

Therefore, by automatically recording this on the recorder, the relative displacement of the structure can be automatically and continuously measured. For example, the amount of expansion and contraction at the expansion joint of a long rail can be completely controlled. (Alternatively, the relative movement of the structure can be monitored by displaying it on a suitable distant display device.) Also, the wire winding device can be connected to the movable shaft of the displacement detector through an elastic member. This allows the displacement detector to be protected from vibrations of the structure, and the simple structure prevents rainwater from entering, allowing accurate measurements and making the entire device inexpensive and easy to use. Moreover, it can be constructed in a small size.

Therefore, according to this invention, the amount of relative movement of the object to be measured can be continuously and automatically measured. For example, the amount of expansion and contraction at the expansion joint of a long rail can be completely controlled.

"Embodiment" An embodiment of this invention is shown in FIGS. 1 to 6. Figure 1 shows the internal structure of the measuring instrument main body of the automatic measuring device for the relative displacement of structures according to this invention.
The installation situation is shown in the figure.

In this example, a case is shown in which the object to be measured is a long rail. That is, 11 indicates a tongue rail constituting one of the expansion joints of the long rail, and 12 indicates a receiving rail. The measuring device main body 13 is attached to the outside of the tongue rail 11 using, for example, mounting brackets 14A and 14 shown in FIG.
B, and an anchor bolt 14C and nut 14D that tighten between these fittings 14A and 14B.

A wire fixing fitting 15 is attached to the end face of the receiving rail 12 as shown in FIG. A wire 16 is pulled out from the measuring instrument body 13, and this wire 16
is connected to the wire fixing fitting 15. wire 1
6 is selected from a material that does not easily corrode, such as stainless steel stranded wire, and has a small amount of expansion and contraction with respect to temperature changes.

A slit 15A is formed in the wire fixing fitting 15 as shown in FIG.
A wire fixing knob 15B made of an insulating material is coupled to the wire fixing knob 15B, and the wire fixing knob 15B is coupled to this slit 15A.
is connected to the wire fixing fitting 15. 15C shows a sleeve that tightens the end of the wire 16. Further, reference numeral 17 indicates a stopper that prevents the wire 16 from being completely wrapped around the measuring instrument main body 13.

The internal structure of the measuring device main body 13 can be configured as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, for example.

The measuring instrument main body 13 is supported by the mounting bracket 14A,
A case 18 made of an insulator, an L-shaped fitting 19 provided inside this case 18, and this L-shaped fitting 19
Displacement detector 21 and L supported by letter-shaped metal fittings 19
Wire winding device 2 attached to the shape metal fitting 19
2 and a connecting member 23 that transmits the movement of the wire winding device 22 to the displacement detector 21.

In this example, a rotational displacement detector is used as the displacement detector 21. Rotary displacement detectors include potentiometers, rotary encoders, and the like. In this example, a case will be explained in which a potentiometer is used. For displacement, the rotation axis 21A of the detector 21 is led out in the horizontal direction from the plate surface of the L-shaped fitting 19 through a hole formed in the L-shaped fitting 19.

A rotating shaft 21 protruding from the plate surface of the L-shaped fitting 19
Cover A with the cylinder 24. In other words, the cylinder 24 is the shaft 21
It is placed on the same axis as A and attached to the L-shaped fitting 19.

A wire winding device 22 is rotatably mounted on the outer periphery of the cylindrical body 24. The wire winding device 22 has a cylindrical body 2
4, a pulley 22B rotatably supported by the bearing 22A, and one end connected to the pulley 22B,
The spiral spring 22C can be configured by a spiral spring 22C whose other end is connected to the cylindrical body 24.

The pulley 22B and the shaft 21A of the displacement detector 21 are connected by a connecting member 23. This connecting member 23 is made of an elastic material such as a leaf spring, and the pulley 2
2B and the shaft 21A are elastically connected. In this way, the pulley 22B and the shaft 21A of the displacement detector 21
By elastically connecting the It is never transmitted. Therefore, the displacement detector 21 can be protected from vibration.

Further, even if the axial center between the shaft 21A and the pulley 22B is slightly out of alignment, the out of center alignment can be absorbed by the elastic deformation of the connecting member 23, and the wire 16 can be smoothly fed out and rolled in.

FIG. 2 shows a front view of the device according to this invention with the front plate of the case 18 removed. Pulley 22B
A part of the case 18 protrudes from the bottom surface of the case 18. For this reason, a crescent-shaped groove 22D is provided in the mounting bracket 14A,
A pulley 22B is inserted into this groove 22D to reduce the size.

A wire fall prevention piece 25 made of, for example, a leaf spring is brought into contact with the periphery of the pulley 22B, so that the wire 16 will not fall out of the groove of the pulley 22B due to vibrations applied when a train passes.

When the wire 16 is pulled out from the case 18, it passes through a grease chamber 26 provided at a corner of the case 18 and is led out. The gory chamber 26 shields the case 18 from the outside, and has a structure that prevents rainwater and the like from entering the inside of the case 18.

As shown in FIG. 2, the mounting bracket 14A is provided with a connector 27, through which each terminal of the displacement detector 21 is pulled out to the outside, and connected to a recording device or the like through a cable or the like. FIG. 5 shows the displacement detector 21 and the electrical connection structure around its periphery.

A displacement detector 21 provided on the measuring instrument main body 13 is connected to a power source 28 via a cable 29. In this example, the power supply 28 includes two DC constant voltage power supplies 3.
1 and 32 are provided, and one constant voltage power supply 31 applies a constant DC voltage between both terminals of a potentiometer constituting the displacement detector 21. Span adjustment circuit 3 between the potentiometer slider and one terminal
Connect 3.

Further, the constant voltage power supply 32 applies a constant voltage to the zero point adjustment circuit 34 and obtains an output voltage from terminals 35 and 36. This output voltage can be zero-point adjusted in the zero-point adjustment circuit 34, for example from 0 to
The amount of inflow and outflow of the wire 16 can be recorded by inputting it to a recorder with a full scale voltage of 10mV.

Figure 6 shows the overall configuration. This example shows a case where measuring device bodies 13A, 13B, 13C, and 13D are attached to a total of four rails, an up line and a down line, respectively. A voltage is applied from the power supply 28 to each of these measuring instrument bodies 13A to 13D, and each of the measuring instrument bodies 13A to 13D is
Applying voltage to the displacement detector 21 provided at 13D,
The power supply device 2 outputs a voltage according to the amount of input and output of the wire 16.
8 to the recorder 37.

In this case, if the recorder 37 is an analog recorder, it has input terminals for at least 5 channels, and uses 4 of the 5 channels to record the amount of expansion and contraction of the 4 rails, and uses the other 1 channel to record the amount of expansion and contraction of the 4 rails. The rail temperature measured by the rail temperature detector 38 is recorded. 39 indicates a converter for linearizing and correcting the temperature-voltage characteristics.

If the recorder 37 is a digital recorder, the input signal of each channel is AD converted and stored in a storage area provided for each channel, and the signal of each channel can be distinguished by reading out each storage area separately at the time of reading. It can be reproduced separately.

"Effects of the Invention" As explained above, according to this invention, once the measuring device main body 13 is installed, the relative movement of the end of the rail can be continuously and automatically measured and recorded from that point on. Therefore, since the amount of expansion and contraction at the expansion joint of the long rail can be controlled based on continuous measurement results, complete control can be achieved.

Further, as in the above-described implementation structure, the wire winding device 22 is connected to the rotational displacement detector 2 through the cylinder body 24.
1, and supported on the rotating shaft 21A of the elastic connecting member 2
3 connects the wire winding device 22 and the rotating shaft 21A of the displacement detector 21, so the movement of the wire winding device 22 is transmitted to the rotating shaft 21A through the elastic connecting member 23. Therefore, even if the wire winding device 22 receives vibrations due to passing trains, etc., this vibration will be transmitted to the rotation shaft 2 of the displacement detector 21.
1A and therefore to the displacement detector 21. Therefore, the displacement detector 21 can be protected from vibration, the measurement accuracy is increased, and it is possible to prevent the occurrence of an accident in which a shearing force is applied to the rotating shaft 21A due to vibration and the rotating shaft 21A is broken. .

In addition, the measuring instrument main body 13 and wire winding device 22 are housed in the case 18, and a grease chamber 26 is provided in the part of the case from which the wire is pulled out.The extremely simple structure provides a rainproof structure that prevents rainwater from entering the case. This configuration has the effect that measurement accuracy is further increased, durability is improved, and the entire device can be configured at low cost and compact.

Also, the measuring instrument body 13 has mounting brackets 14A and 14B.
It can be attached to one of the objects to be measured, such as a long rail, by means of the mounting fittings 14A and 14B. Further, the wire 16 pulled out from the measuring instrument main body 13 has a wire fixing knob 15B attached to its end, and the wire fixing knob 15B is connected to the notch 1 provided in the wire fixing fitting 15.
5A to complete the installation of the wire 16, the device can be easily installed and removed. Therefore, when maintaining the expansion joint portion, the measuring device can be easily removed and reinstalled, which is convenient.

Furthermore, it can be used to measure the relative movement of various structures other than rails, and is extremely effective.

In the above description, a case has been described in which a rotary displacement detector is used as the displacement detector 21, but a linearly movable type such as a differential transformer, a magnetic scale, a slide encoder, etc. can also be used.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is a sectional view for explaining one embodiment of this invention, Figure 2 is a front view of the cross section of Figure 1 viewed from a right angle with a part of the case removed, and Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of this invention. A perspective view showing an example of the measuring device of the invention installed on an object to be measured, FIG. 4 is a perspective view for explaining the wire mounting structure, and FIG. 5 is an illustration of the electrical connection structure of the measuring device of the invention. FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the overall configuration of the measuring device according to this invention, and FIG. 7 is a perspective view illustrating the prior art. 11, 12...Measurement object, 13, 13A~1
3D...Measuring instrument body, 14A, 14B...Mounting metal fittings, 15...Wire fixing metal fittings, 16...Wire, 21...Displacement detector, 22...Wire winding device, 22A...Bearing, 22B... Pulley, 22C... spiral spring, 23... connection member.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] Two structures that may move relative to each other, a displacement detector fixed to one of the structures and outputting at least the displacement caused by the movement of the movable shaft as an electric signal, and an elastic member on the movable shaft of the displacement detector. a measuring instrument body comprising a wire winding device coupled through a member; and a wire winding device for fixing an end of the wire pulled out from the wire winding device against a tensile elastic force to the other of the structures. A case that accommodates a wire fixing fitting and a wire fixing knob, the measuring instrument main body and a wire winding device, and a grease chamber provided in a portion of the case from which the wire is pulled out, Converting the relative movement between the two through the wire into a movement of the wire winding device, and transmitting the movement of the wire winding device to the movable shaft of the displacement detector through the elastic member to displace the displacement detector. Automatic measurement of relative displacement of a structure, characterized in that the relative displacement of the structure can be automatically and continuously measured by extracting and recording or displaying this displacement as an electrical signal. Device.