JPH05333453A - Method for compensating positional deviation of lens of three-dimensional camera in print of two-dimensional original plate - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To compensate the positional deviation of the lens of a three- dimensional camera by positionally adjusting a two-dimensional view, a projection lens or an easel when the image of a subject is projected on a sensor deviated from a center because of the positional deviation of the lens of a camera. CONSTITUTION: In the case the lens of the camera for photographing the two-dimensional view 21 is positionally deviated like 22 and 23, the view 21 is printed on printing material 41 by aligning the center 3C of the easel on the material 41 with the sensor 5A and moving the easel to 41A in order to compensate the positional deviation of the lens of the camera. Since the lens of the camera for photographing the views 22 and 23 is correctly positionally aligned, it need not be adjusted to print the views. Therefore, in this example, the printing material easel is moved to an x-coordinate and a y-coordinate previously calibrated on the printing materials 42 and 43 and it is moved from C to A along an x-axis and from 3 to 5 along a y-axis on the printing material 41.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

The present invention relates to a method for compensating for the displacement of the lens of a stereoscopic camera in printing a two-dimensional view.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Lenticular screen stereoscopic images are generated by constructing a series of two-dimensional views of an object taken from various vantage points on a lenticular print film.

Two-dimensional views are projected sequentially or simultaneously through a lenticular screen to expose the photographic emulsion at the focal plane of the lenticule.

When constructed, the two-dimensional view must be perfectly aligned in order to properly register the captured image on each three-dimensional print.

US Pat. No. 4,800,407 discloses a three-lens for taking a three-dimensional photograph.

NA Valyus, "Stereoscopy" (Focal Press
(Focal Press), 1966), pp. 199-203, a technique for simultaneously printing left and right images on film is disclosed. Only one condensed image from each 2D view is printed.

"Applied Optics & Optical Engineering" by Dudley (Rudolf Kingslake, 1965)
Pp. 114-116 disclose the movement of the lenticular screen and the intermittent exposure of each of the eight images recorded in the print.

[0008] Okoshi, "Three-dimensional image technology (Three
-Dimensional Imaging Techniques) "(1976) 71 ~
On page 88, the use of several projectors to project an image onto an emulsion is disclosed.

US Pat. No. 3,895,867 discloses a technique for recording an image on all film areas underneath a lenticule. This was done by repeatedly turning off the projector lighting and intermittently moving the screen or film.

The following patent publications also disclose an early technique for forming a stereoscopic image.

Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 42-5473 Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 49-607 Japanese Patent No. 4,120,562 discloses a method of scanning a projected image in order to fill a lens with the image. The configuration device disclosed in this U.S. patent is also configured to change the projection angle by a predetermined amount during scanning.

US Pat. No. 4,852,972 prints stereoscopic images, including using very intense light when exposing the image band near the edge of the lens and the image band near the center of the lens. An improved method is disclosed. As a result, an image band having a density almost equal to the widthwise density of the lenticule is obtained. One pixel can be generated in each image band area using the method disclosed in this US patent. However, the quality of the three-dimensional image produced by this method is such that the two-dimensional view can be seen in a way that minimizes superposition or is disturbed by unpredicted strips between condensed individual images. Elevated by reproduction with multiple condensed individual images printed end-to-end under the lenticules of lenticular print film. The method of this U.S. patent equalizes the density of images across the lenticule field, resulting in improved image quality.

US Pat. No. 4,468,115 discloses a projector in which the lamp house is moved continuously in order to prevent sudden movements due to rapid stops and starts. As a result of its successive scans, the images overlap considerably, which reduces the sharpness of the images.

US Pat. No. 4,101,210 discloses a method of avoiding the gap between adjacent condensed images by using a plurality of projection lenses along a plurality of rows parallel to the lenticular lens. This U.S. patent also shows parallel placement of the negatives in the projection process. Besides using a large number of projection lenses arranged in rows, the large number of negatives used in this method complicates the implementation of the method. This projection system using a large number of lenses is also disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,132,468.

[0015]

In order to take stereoscopic pictures that many consumers can purchase, it is desirable to manufacture stereoscopic cameras, which are very cheap automatic high speed printers.
A problem in the manufacture of cheap multi-lens stereoscopic cameras is that the camera lens may be misaligned and it is very difficult to keep the same relative position of each manufactured camera lens. is there. Therefore, the relative position of the captured object on the two-dimensional view is not the same between sets of two-dimensional views captured by different cameras. The unpredictable position of the captured subject image on the film makes it impossible to automatically correlate the two-dimensional views for alignment of the main subject images in stereoscopic photography.
In order to minimize the problem of lens misalignment, it is desirable to form all the lenses of a multi-lens stereoscopic camera with one common support. It is also desirable to use a so-called disposable camera. This disposable camera has
New film can also be packed and reused when sent to the laboratory for film development.

When the position of the lens of the multi-lens stereoscopic camera is deviated and the relative position of the lens is unknown, the photographic image from each two-dimensional view of the stereoscopic photo is taken on each two-dimensional view. Location can be visually inspected and correlated by manually or mechanically adjusting the position of the magnifying lens or print material easel when printing each two-dimensional view. Since this method is very complicated, time-consuming and unreliable, it is not practical to mass-produce general-purpose stereoscopic photographs.

[0017]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The problem is to design an automatic printing system including a "dedicated" multi-lens stereoscopic camera loaded with photographic film in which camera lens position data is prerecorded on negative film. Will be solved. This is done by taking a first set of photographs of a subject at a predetermined distance with the particular camera before it is delivered to the consumer. The data now recorded on the negative film is the coordinates of the position of various parts of the printing device (ie projection lens, easel, or 2D view) to compensate for any misalignment of the camera lens during printing. Used as a reference point to calibrate the.

At the time of printing, the image of the subject on the first negative group is projected sequentially or simultaneously on one CCD sensor array placed on the image plane of the printer or a corresponding number of CCD sensor arrays. .. The position of the CCD sensor array is pre-calibrated to project each object image onto the designated sensor of each CCD array (ie, the center sensor of the CCD array) when the camera lens is properly aligned. It The individual sensors are pre-calibrated and a computer in the printer is programmed to recognize the new location of the misaligned projected object image. If the image of the subject is projected on a "designated" sensor that is off center (due to camera lens misalignment), adjust the position of the 2D view, projection lens or easel The computer controls the motors of the printer to re-center the image of the subject in question. Therefore, the technique of detecting the displacement of the position of the camera lens and the technique of calibrating the printer align the positions of the images taken on each stereoscopic image taken on the same film roll or taken by the same camera. In order to correlate the two-dimensional views automatically. The captured image of each 2D view is now unnecessary.

[0019]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an optical system of a stereoscopic camera (a photographic film is preloaded), in which a first negative group is an object located at a predetermined distance D from the cameras 11, 12, and 13. Exposed to K. Where D is the ideal shooting distance for stereoscopic photography, where the camera lens is pre-focused. The images K ′ ₁ , K ′ ₂ , and K ′ ₃ of the subject are three-dimensional views 2
Recorded in the appropriate place on 1, 22, 23. The distance S is a relative distance between the subject image _{K '1, K' 2,} K '3, a T, F, functions of D as described below, can be calculated by the following equation.

S = T (D + F) / D where S is the distance between adjacent two-dimensional view object images, T is the distance between camera lenses, D is the distance from the camera to the object, and F is the camera. The bag focal distance of the lens.

FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an operation for printing. While all lenticules of print material are exposed simultaneously, FIG. 2 shows that only one lenticule 7 is exposed. When the print material 4 is placed at the correct position (projection angle) 101 (see FIG. 9A), the two-dimensional view 23 is displayed in the lamp house 20.
The image band I ₂ of the emulsion layer 5 of the lenticule 7 is exposed by moving the lower side of 0 in the direction of 90 (see FIG. 7B). The printing material 4 advances to the position (projection angle) 103,
The lower two-dimensional view 21 of the hump house 200 moves in the direction of 90 and exposes the image band I ₁ next to the image band I ₂ (see FIG. 7C) to fill all the lenticules, Finish the image calibration.

FIG. 3 shows a method for calibrating a printing device.
6 is a view showing a projection state of a subject image for the first three-dimensional view group on the CCD sensor array. The printer has a projection lens 2 and a two-dimensional view 21 having a subject image K ′ ₁ is projected on a central sensor 3C of a CCD sensor array 31 placed on a print material 41. Image K _'1
Is projected as K ″ ₁ and image K ′ ₂ is projected as K ″ ₂ , and image K ′ ₃ is projected as K ″ ₃ and printing materials 41, 4
Projections are made at the centers C of all three CCD sensor arrays respectively arranged at 2 and 43.

The first group of photographs shown in FIG. 3 with the two-dimensional views 21, 22, 23 is the three lenses 11, 12, 1.
3 is photographed by the three lens cameras shown in FIG. 1 in perfect alignment. Therefore, the subject images K ″ ₁ , K ″ ₂ , and K ″ ₃ are printed on the print materials 41, 42, and 4.
All CCD sensor arrays 31, which are pre-calibrated to 3.
The image is projected at a right angle on the center sensor 3C of 32 and 33. Therefore, there is no need to adjust the position of the two-dimensional view, projection lens, or print material easel.

In FIG. 4, the position of the lens 11 is displaced,
Accordingly, the recorded subject image K ′ ₁ is also displayed in the two-dimensional view 21.
Shows a multi-lens stereoscopic camera misaligned above.

FIG. 5 shows a printer that projects a first two-dimensional view of a subject exposed by a multi-lens camera with one lens misaligned. Two-dimensional view 2
The position of the lens 11 of the camera that shoots 1 is displaced.
Therefore, the CCD sensor array 31 has a two-dimensional view 21.
When projecting, the subject image K ″ ₁ is projected not on the central sensor 3C as in the other two-dimensional view, but on the other sensor 5A.

FIG. 6 illustrates the calibration of the printing device by adjusting the print material easel to compensate for camera lens misalignment. The position of the lens of the camera that captures the two-dimensional view 21 is displaced as shown in FIG. Therefore, to print the view 21 on the print material 41, the center 3C of the print material easel is aligned with the sensor 5A to compensate for the misalignment of the camera lens 11 as shown in FIG. You need to move the easel to position 4A. As shown in FIG. 4, the lens positions of the cameras that capture the two-dimensional views 22 and 23 are correctly aligned. Therefore, no adjustment is required for printing those views. The print material easel is a pre-calibrated x coordinate and y coordinate of the print materials 42 and 43.
Simply moved to coordinates. In the case of print material 41,
The print material easel is moved to the left from C to A along the x-axis and 3 to 5 along the y-axis. The computer that makes this adjustment is not shown in this figure.

Alternatively, the magnifying lens can be re-centered to compensate for the misalignment of the lens 11 within the camera.

[0028] Figure 7, the subject K of two-dimensional view 21 _'1
The subject image K ″ ₁ of the camera material 11 shown in FIG. 4 is projected onto the sensor 3C of the CCD array 31 of the print material easel of the print material 41.
2 shows the calibration state of a printer that prints a two-dimensional view 21 to compensate for the misalignment of the two.

In an additional method, the negative two-dimensional view can be moved to compensate for lens misalignment.

FIG. 8 shows a subject image K'on the sensor 3C of the CCD array 31 of the print material easel at the position 41.
₅ shows the calibration state of the printing device by adjusting the two-dimensional view 21 in order to compensate for the displacement of the position of the multi-lens lens 11 shown in FIG. 4, so that ₁ is projected.

Regardless of whether the two-dimensional negative view, magnifying lens or print easel is moved, it is integrated by a computer which is coupled to the CCD array and position motor.

FIG. 11 is a diagram for limiting the coefficient that needs to be determined in order to compensate for the displacement of the position of an arbitrary lens in the camera. The following equations can be used in film to determine the extent to which the print material, magnifying lens or negative must be moved to compensate for lens misalignment. A. An equation for determining the amount of displacement required in the X direction ΔX = ΔT _X (D + F) R / D and B. An equation for determining the amount of displacement required in the Y direction ΔY = ΔT _Y (D + F) R / D where ΔX is the amount of adjustment required in the X direction to compensate for the displacement of the camera lens position, ΔY Is the amount of adjustment required in the Y direction to compensate for the displacement of the camera lens, ΔT _X is the displacement distance of the camera lens in the X direction, and ΔT _Y is the _Y of the camera lens.
The distance of the positional shift in the direction, D is the distance from the camera to the subject, F is the back focal distance of the camera lens, and R is the magnification (V / U).

The above equations can be used to determine the amount of adjustment needed in the image plane of the printer to compensate for camera lens position shifts.

The CCD sensor determines the position of the projected image and utilizes the above equations to make the appropriate adjustments to compensate for lens misalignment.

FIG. 11 shows all the coefficients necessary to compensate for camera lens position shifts by adjusting the print material on the image plane of the printer. As shown in FIG. 11, the image from the camera lens 11 has ΔY and Δ of the image plane in the print of the print material 41.
Only the adjustment of the amount of X is shown. The amount of this adjustment can be calculated by using the equation A (and B) that can be programmed into the computer to compensate and move the print material to the correct position.

The positional shift of the camera lens can be adjusted by moving the negative view 21 photographed by the camera lens, which is the positional shift shown in FIG.
The equation below can be used to determine the amount by which the negative view of the two-dimensional view must be moved to compensate for the camera lens position shift. C. Amount of deviation required in X direction ΔS _X = ΔT _X (D + F) / D and D. Amount of displacement required in the Y direction ΔS _Y = ΔT _Y (D + F) / D where ΔS _X is the distance to move the two-dimensional negative view to compensate for the displacement of the camera lens position in the X direction, and ΔS _Y is Y The distance to move the two-dimensional negative view to compensate for the displacement of the camera lens position in the direction.

Equations C and D can be programmed into the computer that controls the negative carrier to move the distance ΔS _Y in the Y direction and ΔS _{X in the} X direction to compensate for the misalignment of the camera lens 11. The camera lens shown in FIG. 11 is displaced by the amounts ΔT _X and ΔT _Y.

FIG. 9 shows a printer in which the CCD array 31, 32, 33 can be placed in another plane 51, 52, 53 by utilizing a mirror or beam splitter 50. In this case, the light is reflected by the mirror or beam splitter 50 and the corresponding image arrays 51-53 are placed in the center of the print material 41, 42, 43. The image array is connected to a video switch 54, and the video switch 54 is connected via an image signal forming unit 55 to a computer 56 which controls a motor to move a negative view or a magnifying lens or a print easel to a correct position.

FIG. 10 shows a cross-sectional view and a plan view of a lens array for a stereoscopic camera. The lenses are molded as one structure and enclose the camera lenses 11, 12, 13 to minimize misalignment. Each camera lens can be calibrated with a single element lens or a multi-element lens.

In the use of this device, the first group of two-dimensional negatives is not printed and the two-dimensional view is automatically adjusted to position the photographed subject in order to construct a high quality three-dimensional photograph. A printer for determining the position of a projected object image in order to determine the displacement of the camera lens of a multi-lens stereo camera for the purpose of calibrating the position coordinates to the positions of various parts of the printer to correlate with the printer. Is projected on the image plane.

A computer or microprocessor can be used to make the necessary adjustments for misalignment. By utilizing a computer or microprocessor, CCD sensor and positioning motor, the negative and magnifying lens are manually placed to properly align the key subject matter of each planar view of the stereograph to print each view. Eliminates the need to position

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an optical system of a multi-lens camera in which a program exposed to a predetermined subject at a certain distance from the camera is preloaded.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a printing apparatus that prints a series of two-dimensional views with a stereoscopic multi-lens camera.

[Fig. 3] The camera lens of the printing device, in which the image of the subject is projected onto the designated center sensor of the CCD sensor array set on the image plane of the printer to detect the position of the subject, is completely Explanatory drawing when a position is correct.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram in the case of a multi-lens camera in which the position of one lens is not aligned with each exposed subject on a negative that is out of position.

FIG. 5 shows a situation where one of the subject images is projected off the center of the CCD image sensor array, and the two-dimensional view exposed by the multi-lens camera in which the position of one camera lens is displaced is projected. Explanatory drawing of a printing apparatus.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a printing apparatus in which an object whose position is displaced is detected by a computer and is positioned at the center by repositioning the easel of the printer.

FIG. 7 is an illustration of a printing device that repositions a magnifying lens when printing a two-dimensional view to compensate for out-of-position of the projected subject and re-center it.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a printing apparatus that adjusts the position of a two-dimensional view to compensate for the positional deviation of a projected object and then re-centers the object.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory view of a printing device in which CCD sensors are set on different planes and reflected by a mirror or a beam splitter.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view and top view of a camera lens assembly of a multi-lens camera with all lens elements molded as a common structure.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a method of compensating for an out-of-position of an object projected in a print operation.

[Explanation of symbols]

 7 Lenticular 11, 12, 13 Camera lens 31, 32, 33 Sensor array 41, 42, 43 Print material

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] June 11, 1993

[Procedure Amendment 1]

[Document name to be corrected] Drawing

[Name of item to be corrected] Figure 2

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

[Fig. 2]

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A. Exposing a first set of two-dimensional views of the film in the camera to a target at a distance; b. To determine the x-axis and y-axis of each image in the print plane of a three-dimensional printer having an image processor, a first
Projecting a set of two-dimensional views into a three-dimensional printer; c. The position of each subsequent two-dimensional view in each set of two-dimensional views is moved to compensate for the displacement of the camera lens position on the x-axis and the y-axis in the printing of each view according to a command from the microprocessor. Inputting the x- and y-coordinates of each projected image to said microprocessor programmed to automatically adjust to a desired position by means of a stereoscopic camera in the printing of a two-dimensional view. A method of compensating for the displacement of the lens position. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determination of the target x- and y-coordinates of each image of the first set of two-dimensional negatives is made visually on the printing surface and each two-dimensional view is printed. Previously, in order to properly align each two-dimensional view along the x-axis and the y-axis, a microprocessor and a moving means programmed to automatically adjust the position of each subsequent two-dimensional view, The x coordinate and the y coordinate are
A method of inputting during the printing process. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein prior to printing each two-dimensional view, the position of each subsequent two-dimensional view in each set of two-dimensional views is correct by the moving means during printing. A method for determining a target x- and y-coordinates of each image of a first set of views by a CCD sensor coupled to a microprocessor that is automatically programmed to a position. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the CCD sensor is arranged in the print surface of the printer. 5. The method of claim 3 wherein the microprocessor is coupled to a motor and a drive for moving the print easel to the correct position for printing each two-dimensional view. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the drive lens moves the projection lens to the correct position for printing each two-dimensional view in order to compensate for any misalignment of the camera lens in the three-dimensional camera. And a method of coupling a microprocessor to a motor. 7. The method according to claim 5, wherein ΔX is an adjustment amount required in the X direction for compensating the positional shift of the camera lens, and ΔY is a Y amount for compensating the positional shift of the camera lens. The required adjustment amount, ΔT _X is the distance of the camera lens position shift in the X direction, ΔT _Y is the distance of the camera lens position shift in the Y direction, D is the distance from the camera to the subject, and F is the rear of the camera lens. The focal length and R are magnification ratios (U / V), and A. An equation for determining the amount of displacement required in the X direction ΔX = ΔT _X (D + F) R / D and B. An equation that determines the amount of offset required in the Y direction ΔY = ΔT _Y (D + F) R / D Therefore, program the microprocessor to automatically move the print easel to the correct position for printing each two-dimensional view. how to. 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein ΔS _X is a distance for moving the two-dimensional negative view in order to compensate the displacement of the camera lens in the X direction, and ΔS _Y is the displacement of the camera lens in the Y direction. The distance to move the two-dimensional negative view to compensate, ΔT _X is the displacement distance of the camera lens position in the X direction, ΔT _Y is the displacement distance of the camera lens position in the Y direction, D is the distance from the camera to the subject, F is the rear focal length of the camera lens, and C.I. An equation that defines the amount of shift required in the X direction ΔS _X = ΔT _X (D + F) / D and D. To automatically adjust the position of each two-dimensional negative in the negative carrier to the correct position for printing using the formula ΔS _Y = ΔT _Y (D + F) / D that determines the amount of displacement required in the Y direction. To program a microprocessor into a computer.