JPH05316890A - Germinative raising seedling method and device therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide the subject method and device therefor so designed that a water-impermeable transparent form is put on a culture medium so as to cover the medium sown with seeds, and a culture is made while making a fluid flow on this transparent form, thereby easily providing circumstances suitable for germination and initial raising seedling and putting the seeds to germination and raising seedling at high germinative rate and in high root penetrativeness. CONSTITUTION:A culture medium 1 in a seeding box 2 is sown with seeds 7, and a water-impermeable transparent form 3 is put on the medium 1 so as to cover it; a fluid (e.g. water) is then fed from a relevant means 5a above the box 2 onto this transparent form 3, being allowed to flow to the barrage 9 on the downstream side of the box 2 while pressing the seeds 7 through the transparent form 3, and made to overflow this barrage and then discharged by a relevant means 6. Where appropriate, a water flow is also provided inside the germination bed 4 under the box 2, and the seeds are raised while irradiating them with light through the transparent form 3 using e.g. a fluorescent lamp, thus putting the seeds to germination and raising seedling at high germinative rate and in high root penetrativeness into the medium.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a germination and seedling raising method which can easily obtain environmental conditions suitable for germination and early seedling raising, and has a high germination rate, a high penetration rate of seed roots into a medium, and the like. The present invention relates to a germination and seedling raising device used in the method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Increasing the germination rate of seeds and improving the germination alignment reduce seed cost, improve the efficiency of transplanting and planting, and produce good seedlings. , Is essential for improving the quality of crops. To increase the germination rate of seeds and improve the germination alignment,
It is necessary to maintain the environment of the seeding place at the temperature and humidity suitable for germination. For this reason, in general, the seeded medium is covered with paper or a polyethylene sheet, and in order to keep it at an appropriate temperature, heating and shading are performed, and high humidity is maintained. It has a drawback that it is very complicated to operate because it is sprinkled with water. Also, in this case, a high germination rate and good germination alignment were not always obtained. For this reason, a germination machine capable of mechanically maintaining the temperature and humidity is commercially available, but at present, it is very expensive and not practical.

If the timing of taking out the germinated plant from the germination chamber or removing the cover covering the medium after sowing is delayed, the seedlings immediately grow and the plants are grown or harvested thereafter. It is known to have an adverse effect on the quality of crops. In the conventional method, in order not to miss this timing, it was necessary to carefully control the condition such as frequently observing the germination state.

On the other hand, a medium made of urethane foam or the like usually has a crack so that the roots of seeds can easily enter. However, depending on the crop item, even if such a medium is used, the roots are not Some are difficult to enter. In such a case, a means such as transplanting a fully rooted seed so that the root exists in the medium is usually adopted, and there is a problem that a considerable working time is required.

The present inventor has earnestly studied to provide a germination and seedling raising method and a germination and seedling raising apparatus that solve the above-mentioned conventional drawbacks. As a result, the seeded medium is covered with a transparent body, such as polyethylene, that is impermeable to water, and water at a temperature suitable for germination is flowed over the medium, so that the temperature and humidity of the medium are kept in an environment suitable for germination. In addition to being able to easily maintain the seedlings, a high germination rate and good germination can be obtained at all times, and by placing the seedlings under artificial light such as the sun or fluorescent lamps immediately after sowing in such a state, Not only can effectively prevent overlength, by flowing a liquid having a certain liquid depth to the transparent body, it becomes possible to press the seeds on the medium, as a result,
It was found that root entry into the medium and root penetration into the medium can be ensured simultaneously with germination, and the present invention has been completed based on this finding.

[0006]

[Means for Solving the Problems] That is, the present invention is to place a transparent body having water impermeability on the medium so as to cover the seeded medium, and to cultivate while flowing a liquid on the transparent body. The present invention provides a germination raising seedling method characterized by:

Hereinafter, such a method of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings by a germination and seedling raising apparatus suitable for carrying out the method. 1 and 2 are partially cutaway perspective views showing an embodiment of a germination and seedling device suitable for carrying out the method of the present invention, in which FIG. 2 shows the state before installation, and FIG. 2 shows the state after installation. 3 is a sectional view (longitudinal sectional view) taken along the line AA of FIG.
4 is a sectional view (transverse sectional view) taken along line BB in FIG.

That is, the above-mentioned method of the present invention comprises a seeding medium 1, a seeding box 2 containing the medium, a transparent body 3 which is impermeable to cover the seeded medium, and a germination which holds the seeding box in a hollow state. The germination and seedling raising device having the floor 4, the liquid supplying means 5, and the liquid discharging means 6 can be preferably implemented. The seeding medium 1 is not particularly limited as long as it is suitable for seeding, and for example, a foam urethane mat or the like can be used. Such a seeding medium 1 is placed in a seeding box 2 made of plastic or the like. Although FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show a state in which three substantially rectangular parallelepiped seeding boxes 2 are connected, the present invention is not limited to this.

According to the method of the present invention, seeds such as spinach, leeks and bok choy are sown on the seeding medium 1 and then a transparent body having water impermeable property is formed so as to cover the seeded medium. Place 3 on the medium.
FIG. 2 shows the state after installation. The end of the transparent body 3 having water impermeability is dropped into the germination bed 4 at the downstream side, that is, at the left end in FIG. In the figure, reference numeral 7 is a seed sown. Here, as the transparent body 3 having water impermeability, a sheet-like material made of polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, or the like, which is impermeable to water, highly transparent, and permeable to light is used. The thickness of the sheet is not particularly limited and is usually 0.01 to
Those having a thickness of about 0.03 mm are used. In terms of transparency, the light transmittance of 8 is
It is preferably 0% or more.

The seed box 2 is held in the germination bed 4 in a substantially hollow state (suspended in the air), and at least both ends in the width direction thereof, that is, the left and right ends in FIG. 4, are connected to the inside of the germination bed 4. ing. That is, the seeding box 2 is
Inside the germination bed 4, so that there is a space below the seed box,
It is installed separately from the bottom surface of the germination floor 4. In order to carry out the method of the present invention, it is not always necessary to hold the seed box 2 in a substantially hollow state (suspended state) as described above, but by keeping the seeding box 2 in a substantially hollow state (suspended state). , The roots that penetrate the medium and extend vertically, do not get entangled with each other, and the roots are not cut during transplantation and planting,
Since a water flow can be formed below the sowing box 2,
It will be even more preferable. The germination bed 4 is made of a heat insulating material such as Styrofoam. The depth L on the inside of the germination bed 4 is the depth N on the outside of the seeding box 2, the seeding medium 1 and the transparent body 3 which is impermeable.
At a predetermined interval (for example, 2 to 3c) in the depth M of the liquid flowing above.
m) is preferably added. The inner size of the germination bed 4 may be appropriately selected according to the outer size of the seeding box 2, but it is preferable that the seeding boxes 2 are arranged in parallel. The thickness of the germination bed 4 is not particularly limited as long as it can sufficiently fulfill the function of the germination bed.

Further, a liquid supply means 5 is installed on the upstream side of the germination bed 4, that is, on the right end in FIG. 3, and a drainage means 6 is installed on the downstream side of the germination bed 4, and on the left end in FIG. ing.
The liquid supply means 5 may be a normal liquid supply device. Reference numeral 5a
Is a liquid supply means for running water on the upper side of the seeding box 2, while
Reference numeral 5 b is a liquid supply means for running water below the seeding box 2. Further, the drainage means 6 may be a normal drainage port or the like.

Inside the germination floor 4, a water-impermeable sheet 8 made of polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride or the like is formed in order to prevent leakage of the water flow formed under the seeding box 2. Is installed. The sheet 8 is provided with a hole to which a drainage port as the drainage means 6 is attached.

The method of the present invention can be preferably carried out by using the germination and seedling raising device having such a structure. That is, first, the seeding medium 1 as described above
, Seeds of spinach, leek, bok choy, etc. are then sown, and then a transparent body 3 having water impermeability is placed on the medium so as to cover the medium thus sown. Cultivate while pouring the liquid (usually water) on top. The liquid supplied from the liquid supply means 5a for running water on the upper side of the sowing box 2 presses the seeds 7 sowed from above the transparent body 3 having water impermeability, while the weir 9 is provided on the downstream side of the sowing box 2. Up to the weir 9, and is drained by the drainage means 6. In addition, if necessary, not only on the transparent body 3 having water impermeability but also on the inside of the germination floor 4 under the seeding box 2 by the liquid supply means 5b for running water under the seeding box 2, A stream of water can also be formed. In this case, after the germination is completed, when the seedlings are transferred to the seedlings, the liquid can be supplied to the lower side to grow the seedlings.

The amount of liquid supplied from the liquid supply means 5 (the liquid supply means 5a and the liquid supply means 5b) depends on the size of the apparatus itself.
It is difficult to unambiguously determine it depending on the liquid temperature, the liquid depth, etc., but in the case of a device with a size of 2 m × 0.7 m, it is usually about 60 to 80 l / min. The liquid temperature may be appropriately determined in consideration of the temperature suitable for germination of seeds to be sown. Furthermore, if necessary, such as when raising seedlings, it is possible to quickly shift to the seedling raising stage by mixing and flowing nutrients in this liquid (water).

Further, as cultivation conditions (conditions such as temperature, humidity and light irradiation), appropriate conditions may be selected according to the kind of seeds and the like. The method of the present invention is preferably used for germination and seedling of seeds of various kinds of plants, and is particularly suitable for germination and seedling of seeds such as spinach, leeks and bok choy.

[0016]

EXAMPLES The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to examples.

Example 1 Using the germination and raising apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, a seeding medium 1 (a foamed polyurethane mat having a thickness of 28 mm) in a seeding box 2 was used.
Turn on the fluorescent lamp so that the surface brightness is about 8000 lux, and after 1 hour after lighting and 1 hour after turning off,
The temperature and humidity of the surface of the seeding medium 1 were measured. In addition,
The length of the germination bed 4 is 4.8 m, and the liquid supply means 5a and 5b
From the upper side of the seeding box 2 (on the transparent body 3 (transparent sheet) having water impermeability) and the lower side of the seeding box 2 respectively.
Water at ± 2 ° C was run at a rate of 3 liters / minute. Also,
The water depth on the upper side of the seeding box 2 (on the transparent body 3 having water impermeability) was about 1.5 cm. Table 1 shows the results of measurement by installing such a germination and seedling raising device in a room at a temperature of 20 ± 2 ° C. and a humidity of 60 to 80%. In addition, Table 2 shows the results of measurement by installing such a germination and seedling raising device in a room at a temperature of 25 ± 2 ° C. and a humidity of 60 to 80%. In addition, in Tables 1 and 2, “upstream” means 5 from the liquid supply port (liquid supply means 5).
The location 0 cm downstream refers to the location downstream, and the term downstream refers to the location 50 cm upstream from the drain (drainage means 6).

Comparative Example 1 An old newspaper was placed on a seeding box containing the same seeding medium as used in Example 1, and after 1 hour, it was exposed to rain and dew at 20 ± 2 ° C.
Of water from above. The brightness of the surface of the seeding medium in the seeding box was turned on so that the fluorescent light was about 8000 lux, and the temperature and the humidity of the surface of the seeding medium were measured 1 hour after the lighting and 1 hour after the light was turned off. The measurement was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. Such a germination raising seedling device, temperature 20 ± 2 ℃,
The result of measurement by installing in a room with humidity of 60 to 80% is
Shown in the table. In addition, such a germination raising seedling device is used at a temperature of 25
Table 2 shows the results of measurement performed by installing in a room of ± 2 ° C. and humidity of 60 to 80%.

[0019]

[Table 1]

[0020]

[Table 2]

From the results shown in Tables 1 and 2, in the case of the present invention, when the fluorescent lamp is turned on, both the temperature and the humidity of the surface of the seeding medium are kept at the environmental conditions suitable for germination, regardless of the room temperature. I know that I was able to do it.

Example 2 Using the germination and seedling raising apparatus used in Example 1, spinach seeds were germinated and raised, and the germination rate and the percentage of seeds after germination whose roots penetrated the medium were measured. I checked. The results are shown in Table 3. The liquid temperature (water temperature) was 20 ± 2 ° C., and the room temperature was 20 ± 2 ° C.

Comparative Example 2 Using a seeding box containing the same seeding medium as used in Example 1, spinach seeds were sown in this seeding medium, germinated in a germination machine, and then taken out from the germination machine. The seedlings were raised in a flooded cultivation bed, and the germination rate and the proportion of seeds whose roots penetrated the medium among the germinated seeds were examined in the same manner as in Example 2. The results are shown in Table 3. The room temperature of the germination machine was 20 ± 2 ° C. Further, after taking it out from the germination machine, water was poured from above so that the seeding medium became wet.

[0024]

[Table 3]

From the results shown in Table 3, it can be seen that the germination rate was high in both Example 2 and Comparative Example 2. Also,
It can be seen that, in the seeds after germination, the proportion of seeds whose roots penetrate the medium is significantly higher in Example 2 than in Comparative Example 2.

Example 3 In Example 2, the same procedure as in Example 2 was carried out except that the seeds of leek were used instead of the seeds of spinach, and the germination rate and the seeds after germination were changed to medium. The percentage of seeds that the root penetrated was investigated. The results are shown in Table 4.

Comparative Example 3 In Comparative Example 2, the same procedure as in Comparative Example 2 was carried out except that spinach seeds were used in place of spinach seeds. The percentage of seeds that the root penetrated was investigated. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0028]

[Table 4]

Example 4 Using the germination and seedling raising apparatus used in Example 1, seeds of Pak choi were germinated and raised, and the germination rate and the ratio of the seedlings to the germinated seedlings were examined. The results are shown in Table 5. The liquid temperature (water temperature) was 20 ± 2 ° C.

Comparative Example 4 Using a seeding box containing the same seeding medium as used in Example 1, seeds of Pak choi were seeded in this seeding medium, germinated in a germination machine, and then taken out from the germination machine. The seedlings were raised in a submerged cultivation bed, and the germination rate and the ratio of the seedlings to the germinated seedlings were examined. The results are shown in Table 5. The room temperature of the germination machine was 20 ± 2 ° C. Further, after taking it out from the germination machine, water was poured from above so that the seeding medium became wet.

[0031]

[Table 5]

From the results shown in Table 5, the germination rate (regulation of germination) was good in both Example 4 and Comparative Example 4, but the proportion of seedlings that grew was Example 4 in Comparative Example 4. It can be seen that it is significantly lower than

[0033]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION According to the method and apparatus of the present invention, a transparent body impermeable to water, such as polyethylene, is laid on the seeded medium, and a liquid suitable for germination is flowed on the transparent body. It is possible to easily maintain the temperature and humidity of the medium in an environment suitable for germination or early seedling raising. Moreover, the installation and management of the device are very simple and inexpensive. Also,
According to the method and apparatus of the present invention, a high germination rate and a good germination arrangement can always be obtained. Moreover, according to the method and apparatus of the present invention, since a transparent body such as a transparent sheet is used, the internal state can be well observed without taking out from the germination chamber or covering with soil, and sowing. Immediately after that, by installing under artificial light such as the sun or a fluorescent lamp, the overgrowth of seedlings can be effectively prevented.

Further, according to the method and apparatus of the present invention,
By flowing a liquid with a certain depth into the transparent body,
It is possible to press the seed onto the medium, and as a result, it is possible to ensure that the root enters the medium and penetrates the medium at the same time as germination. Therefore, the present invention can be effectively used for germination and seedling raising of seeds such as spinach, leeks, bok choy.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing one embodiment of a germination and seedling device suitable for carrying out the method of the present invention, in which a transparent body 3 having water impermeability is placed on a medium 1. It shows the state before installation.

FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing an embodiment of a germination and seedling device suitable for carrying out the method of the present invention, in which a transparent body 3 having water impermeability is placed on the medium 1. It shows the state after installation.

3 is a sectional view (longitudinal section) taken along the line AA of FIG.

4 is a cross-sectional view (transverse cross-sectional view) taken along the line BB of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Seeding medium 2 Seeding box 3 Impermeable water transparent body 4 Germination bed 5 Liquid supply means 6 Drainage means 7 Seeds 8 Impermeable sheet 9 Weir M Seeding medium and water impermeable transparent body Depth of liquid flowing above N depth outside seeding box L depth inside germination bed

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A germination and raising seedling method, which comprises placing a transparent body having impermeable properties on the medium so as to cover the seeded medium, and culturing while flowing a liquid on the transparent body. 2. A seeding medium, a seeding box containing the medium,
A germination and seedling raising apparatus comprising a water-impermeable transparent body that covers the seeded medium, a germination bed that holds the seeding box in a hollow state, a liquid supply means, and a drainage means.