JPH0529963Y2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0529963Y2 JPH0529963Y2 JP1987167067U JP16706787U JPH0529963Y2 JP H0529963 Y2 JPH0529963 Y2 JP H0529963Y2 JP 1987167067 U JP1987167067 U JP 1987167067U JP 16706787 U JP16706787 U JP 16706787U JP H0529963 Y2 JPH0529963 Y2 JP H0529963Y2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- bumper
- spare tire
- leaf spring
- vehicle
- spring portion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Vibration Dampers (AREA)
Description
【考案の詳細な説明】
（産業上の利用分野）
本考案は自動車のようにスペアタイヤを備えた
タイプの車両の衝突エネルギー吸収装置に関す
る。[Detailed Description of the Invention] (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a collision energy absorbing device for a type of vehicle equipped with a spare tire, such as an automobile.
（従来の技術）
自動車等の車両において衝突事故時などに該衝
突エネルギーを吸収する手段としてはバンパがあ
るが、従来のバンパは、代表的には、バンパカバ
ーとリインフオースとの間にウレタンフオーム等
のエネルギー吸収体を備えているか、各種シヨツ
クアツブソーバを介して車両フレームに支承され
ている。(Prior Art) Bumpers are used as means for absorbing collision energy in the event of a collision in vehicles such as automobiles, but conventional bumpers typically include urethane foam or the like between the bumper cover and reinforcement. The vehicle is equipped with an energy absorber or is supported on the vehicle frame via various shock absorbers.
又、実公昭46−5453号公報、実公昭62−23321
号公報に開示されているように、バンパに加わる
衝突エネルギーをスペアタイヤにより吸収する場
合もある。 Also, Publication No. 46-5453, Publication No. 62-23321
As disclosed in the above publication, the collision energy applied to the bumper may be absorbed by a spare tire.
しかしながら、エネルギー吸収体を使用する場
合は、高価につき、又、エネルギー吸収体やシヨ
ツクアブソーバを使用するだけでは衝突エネルギ
ーの吸収性能が不十分である。スペアタイヤを用
いる場合でも、衝突エネルギーが該スペアタイヤ
にうまく吸収されない。即ち実公昭46−5453号公
報に開示のスペアタイヤは衝突の加わつたとき大
きくずれ動き、エネルギー吸収能力を十分に発揮
できず、全体の構造も複雑で高価となる。又、実
公昭62−23321号公報に開示のスペアタイヤによ
ると、スペアタイヤ収納部が損傷してからでない
とそのエネルギー吸収能力を発揮できないという
問題がある。 However, when an energy absorber is used, it is expensive, and the ability to absorb collision energy is insufficient just by using an energy absorber or a shock absorber. Even when a spare tire is used, the collision energy is not well absorbed by the spare tire. In other words, the spare tire disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 46-5453 moves significantly when a collision occurs, cannot fully exhibit its energy absorption ability, and the overall structure is complicated and expensive. Furthermore, the spare tire disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 62-23321 has a problem in that it cannot demonstrate its energy absorbing ability until the spare tire storage section is damaged.
（発明が解消しようとする問題点）
本考案の目的は低価格で提供でき、衝突エネル
ギー吸収性能が大きく、しかも速やかに衝突エネ
ルギーを吸収することができる車両用衝突エネル
ギー吸収装置を提供することにある。(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) The purpose of the present invention is to provide a collision energy absorbing device for a vehicle that can be provided at a low price, has high collision energy absorption performance, and can quickly absorb collision energy. be.
（問題点を解消するための手段）
本考案は衝撃外力を受けて後退できるように車
両に支承されたバンパと、前記バンパより車両中
心寄りの車両上のスペアタイヤ保持用軸棒に嵌装
されたスペアタイヤと、前記スペアタイヤの前記
バンパ側トレツド面に直接か臨むように配置され
たストツパ部と、前記バンパの後退動作を前記ス
トツパ部に伝える伝達部とを備え、前記スペアタ
イヤが前記軸棒を中心に回動可能に支承されてお
り、前記伝達部がシヨツクアブソーバーを含んで
いることを特徴とする車両用衝突エネルギー吸収
装置に係る。(Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention includes a bumper supported by a vehicle so as to be able to move backward in response to an external impact force, and a spare tire holding shaft fitted on the vehicle nearer to the center of the vehicle than the bumper. a stopper portion disposed so as to directly face the bumper-side tread surface of the spare tire; and a transmission portion that transmits a backward movement of the bumper to the stopper portion, the spare tire being connected to the shaft The present invention relates to a collision energy absorbing device for a vehicle, which is rotatably supported around a rod, and wherein the transmission section includes a shock absorber.
前記バンパとスペアタイヤの相対的高さは、同
一レベルにあつても、異なるレベルにあつてもよ
い。 The relative heights of the bumper and the spare tire may be at the same level or at different levels.
衝撃吸収効果をより向上させるため、前記スペ
アタイヤを前記軸棒を中心に回動できるようにす
る。 In order to further improve the impact absorption effect, the spare tire is made rotatable around the shaft.
前記伝達部は適当なシヨツクアブソーバを含
む。尚、シヨツクアブソーバは、前記伝達部とは
別個に、例えば、バンパと車両フレームとの間に
設けることもできる。 The transmission section includes a suitable shock absorber. Note that the shock absorber can also be provided separately from the transmission section, for example, between the bumper and the vehicle frame.
又、前記ストツパ部は、例えば、前記スペアタ
イヤの輪郭円半径より若干大きい曲率半径を有し
て該スペアタイヤレツド面に沿つて配置された円
弧状板バネ部、該板バネ部の円弧頂部に接続さ
れ、前記バンパと平行に延びる直線状板バネ部、
及び前記円弧状板バネ部の端部と前記直線状板バ
ネ部の端部とを連結する連結部材を備えたものと
することもできる。この場合、該円弧状板バネ部
及び直線状板バネ部のいずれか一方又は双方と
も、中央部ほど枚数の多い重ね板バネ部であるこ
とが望ましい。また、上記の連結部材は一枚ない
しは中央部ほど枚数の多い重ね板バネ部材で構成
することが望ましい。 The stopper portion may include, for example, an arcuate leaf spring portion having a radius of curvature slightly larger than the radius of the outline of the spare tire and arranged along the spare tire lead surface, or an arcuate top portion of the leaf spring portion. a linear leaf spring portion connected to and extending parallel to the bumper;
It is also possible to include a connecting member that connects the end of the arcuate leaf spring portion and the end of the linear leaf spring portion. In this case, it is desirable that either one or both of the arcuate leaf spring portion and the linear leaf spring portion be stacked leaf spring portions in which the number of sheets increases toward the center. Further, it is preferable that the above-mentioned connecting member is composed of a single leaf spring member or a stacked leaf spring member whose number increases toward the center.
本考案装置によれば、車両衝突時の衝撃力がバ
ンパに加わると、該バンパがそれによつて後退
し、該バンパ後退によつて前記伝達部も後退し、
それによつて前記ストツパ部がスペアタイヤに押
しつけられ、該スペアタイヤにて衝撃力が吸収さ
れる。 According to the device of the present invention, when an impact force at the time of a vehicle collision is applied to the bumper, the bumper is thereby moved backward, and as the bumper is moved back, the transmission section is also moved backward,
As a result, the stopper portion is pressed against the spare tire, and the impact force is absorbed by the spare tire.
（実施例）
以下、本考案の代表的な実施例を図面を参照し
つつ説明する。(Embodiments) Hereinafter, typical embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
第１図及び第２図に図示の衝突エネルギー吸収
装置は自動車の前部に設けられたものであり、車
両フレーム６の前方に実質上水平に配置されたバ
ンパ１及び該バンパよえり車両中心寄りの位置に
配置されたスペアタイヤ２を備えている。 The collision energy absorbing device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is installed at the front of an automobile, and includes a bumper 1 disposed substantially horizontally in front of a vehicle frame 6, and a bumper tilted toward the center of the vehicle. The vehicle is equipped with a spare tire 2 located at a position of .
バンパ１は例えばスチール製のバンパ本体１１
をポリプロピレン等の合成樹脂製カバー１２にて
覆つたものである。 The bumper 1 is, for example, a bumper body 11 made of steel.
is covered with a cover 12 made of synthetic resin such as polypropylene.
スペアタイヤ２は、車両フレーム６に設けられ
た実質上垂直方向の軸棒３に水平平坦な姿勢で回
動可能に嵌装されている。 The spare tire 2 is rotatably fitted in a substantially vertical shaft 3 provided on a vehicle frame 6 in a horizontally flat position.
軸棒３にはその頂部からネジ孔が設けられてい
る。該軸棒頂部にはボルト通し孔を有する部材３
１が当てがわれ、そのボルト通し孔にはボルト３
２が通され、該ボルトは軸棒ネジ孔にねじ込ま
れ、それによつて部材３１が軸棒に固定され、ス
ペアタイヤを該軸棒に保持している。 A screw hole is provided in the shaft rod 3 from the top thereof. A member 3 having a bolt hole at the top of the shaft
1 is applied, and bolt 3 is inserted into that bolt hole.
2 is passed through, and the bolt is screwed into the axle threaded hole, thereby fixing the member 31 to the axle and holding the spare tire to the axle.
バンパ１はスペアタイヤ２より若干方位置にあ
る。 The bumper 1 is located slightly further away than the spare tire 2.
バンパ１からは二つの伝達４，４がスペアタイ
ヤ２の方へ延びており、スペアタイヤ２の前に配
置されたストツパ部５に連結されている。 Two transmission lines 4 , 4 extend from the bumper 1 towards the spare tire 2 and are connected to a stop 5 arranged in front of the spare tire 2 .
各伝達部４は全体として屈曲棒状に延びてお
り、その途中にはシヨツクアブソーバ４１を備え
ている。該シヨツクアブソーバ４１はその外筒が
車両フレーム６に設けた筒状保持部４２に摺動可
能に支承されており、これによりバンパ１は衝撃
外力を受けたとき後退可能となつている。 Each transmission section 4 extends in the shape of a bent rod as a whole, and is provided with a shock absorber 41 in the middle thereof. The shock absorber 41 has its outer cylinder slidably supported by a cylindrical holding portion 42 provided on the vehicle frame 6, so that the bumper 1 can move backward when receiving an external impact force.
ストツパ部５はバンパ１に平行な直線状板バネ
部５１、スペアタイヤ２のバンパ側トレツド面に
内側中心部５２１を当接させた状態の円弧状板バ
ネ部５２、板バネ部５１の両端部と板バネ部５２
の両端部とを連結する湾曲板バネ様連結部５３と
を備えている。 The stopper portion 5 includes a linear leaf spring portion 51 parallel to the bumper 1, an arcuate leaf spring portion 52 with the inner center portion 521 in contact with the bumper side tread surface of the spare tire 2, and both ends of the leaf spring portion 51. and leaf spring part 52
It is provided with a curved leaf spring-like connecting part 53 that connects both ends of the connector.
円弧状板バネ部５２はスペアタイヤ２の輪郭円
半径ｒより若干大きい平均曲率半径Ｒを有して該
スペアタイヤトレツド面に沿つて配置されてい
る。又、板バネ部５２の両端はバンパ１に平行な
スペアタイヤ直径方向ラインＬにまで達してい
る。 The arcuate leaf spring portion 52 has an average radius of curvature R that is slightly larger than the outline radius r of the spare tire 2, and is disposed along the spare tire tread surface. Further, both ends of the leaf spring portion 52 reach the spare tire diameter direction line L parallel to the bumper 1.
板バネ部１５及び５２とも、その中心部ほど枚
数を多くした複数板バネからなる重ね板バネの態
様をしており、両者はその中心部にて適当な止め
金具５４にて互いに接続されている。 Both the leaf spring parts 15 and 52 are in the form of stacked leaf springs consisting of a plurality of leaf springs, with the number of leaf springs increasing toward the center, and both are connected to each other at the center with a suitable stopper 54. .
前記実施例衝撃吸収装置によれば、自動車衝突
時の衝撃力がバンパ１に加わると、シヨツクアブ
ソーバ４１４が筒状保持４２，４２を摺動してバ
ンパ１が後退するとともに該衝撃力がシヨツクア
ブソーバ４１，４１にて一部吸収され、又、該バ
ンパ１の後退、換言すれば伝達部４，４の後退に
より前記ストツパ部５がスペアタイヤ２に押し付
けられ、それにともなう該ストツパ部５各部の弾
性変形及びスペアタイヤ２の弾性変形にて最終的
に衝撃エネルギーが満足できる程度まで吸収され
る。 According to the shock absorbing device of the above embodiment, when an impact force is applied to the bumper 1 during a car collision, the shock absorber 414 slides on the cylindrical retainers 42, 42, the bumper 1 retreats, and the impact force is transferred to the shock absorber 414. 41, 41, and the stopper part 5 is pressed against the spare tire 2 due to the retraction of the bumper 1, in other words, the retraction of the transmission parts 4, 4, and the elasticity of each part of the stopper part 5 is accordingly The impact energy is finally absorbed to a satisfactory extent by the deformation and elastic deformation of the spare tire 2.
バンパ１に左右偏つて衝撃力が加つたときは、
衝撃力の大きい方の伝達部４がより大きく移動
し、ストツパ部５もその伝達部側に対応する各部
がより大きく弾性変形しようとし、さらには、該
ストツパ部５の左右異なる変形に応じてスペアタ
イヤ２が回動することができ、これも衝撃エネル
ギー吸収に寄与する。 When impact force is applied to bumper 1 on the left or right side,
The transmission part 4 with the larger impact force moves more, and each part of the stopper part 5 corresponding to the transmission part side tends to undergo a larger elastic deformation, and furthermore, depending on the different left and right deformations of the stopper part 5, the spare parts are The tire 2 can rotate, which also contributes to impact energy absorption.
第３図及び第４図は他の実施例を示すものであ
り、この場合はスペアタイヤとバンパは同一高さ
レベルに配置されており、且つシヨツクアブソー
バーは付加されていない。又、連結部材５３′は
３枚の重ね板バネ部材で構成されており、これに
より、直線状板バネ部５１と円弧状板バネ部５２
がそれぞれフレームとスペアタイヤ方向に常時押
圧されるので、バンパの前後方向取付位置が定ま
るという効果が加味される。尚、この場合には軸
受部４４とストツパー部５の間の伝達部軸周りに
コイルバネもしくは弾性ゴムからなる緩衝リング
４３を嵌合させておくことが好ましい。 FIGS. 3 and 4 show another embodiment in which the spare tire and bumper are located at the same height level and no shock absorber is added. Further, the connecting member 53' is composed of three stacked leaf spring members.
are constantly pressed in the direction of the frame and the spare tire, which has the added effect of determining the mounting position of the bumper in the longitudinal direction. In this case, it is preferable to fit a buffer ring 43 made of a coil spring or elastic rubber around the shaft of the transmission section between the bearing section 44 and the stopper section 5.
（考案の効果）
本考案によると、従来の高価な衝撃エネルギー
吸収体等を採用する必要はなく、衝突エネルギー
吸収性能の大きいスペアタイヤを有利に使つて構
造簡単にして低価格の、しかも衝突エネルギー吸
収性能が大きく、それも速やかに吸収できる能力
のある車両用衝突エネルギー吸収装置を提供する
ことができる。又、スペアタイヤを必ずしも同一
高さレベルに配置する必要はないから、スペアタ
イヤ保持用軸棒の位置を適宜選択してスペアタイ
ヤを比較的自由に取り付けることができる。従つ
て前記軸棒によりスペアタイヤを吊り下げる等し
て、トラツクやバン型の車両にも本考案を適用す
ることができる。(Effects of the invention) According to the invention, there is no need to employ conventional expensive impact energy absorbers, etc., and the spare tire with high collision energy absorption performance is used to advantage, resulting in a simple structure, low cost, and a collision energy absorber. It is possible to provide a collision energy absorbing device for a vehicle that has high absorption performance and has the ability to quickly absorb energy. Furthermore, since the spare tire does not necessarily need to be arranged at the same height level, the spare tire can be attached relatively freely by appropriately selecting the position of the spare tire holding shaft. Therefore, the present invention can also be applied to trucks and van-type vehicles by suspending a spare tire from the axle.
第１図及び第２図は本考案の一実施例を示すも
ので、第１図は一部を断面で示す概略平面図、第
２図は第１図のＸ−Ｘ線断面図である。第３図及
び第４図は本考案の他の実施例を示すもので、第
３図は一部を断面で示す該略平面図、第４図は第
３図のX'−X'線断面図である。
１……バンパ、２……スペアタイヤ、３……タ
イヤ保持用軸棒、４……伝達部、４１……シヨツ
クアブソーバ、４３……緩衝リング、４４……軸
受部、５……ストツパ部、５１……直線状板バ
ネ、５２……円弧状板バネ部、５３，５３′……
連結部材、６……車両フレーム。
1 and 2 show an embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view partially shown in cross section, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line X--X in FIG. 1. 3 and 4 show other embodiments of the present invention, FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view showing a partial cross section, and FIG. 4 is a cross section taken along the line X'-X' of FIG. 3. It is a diagram. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Bumper, 2... Spare tire, 3... Tire holding shaft, 4... Transmission part, 41... Shock absorber, 43... Buffer ring, 44... Bearing part, 5... Stopper part, 51... Linear leaf spring, 52... Arc-shaped leaf spring portion, 53, 53'...
Connecting member, 6...vehicle frame.
Claims (1)
承されたバンパと、前記バンパより車両中心寄
りの車両上のスペアタイヤ保持用軸棒に嵌装さ
れたスペアタイヤと、前記スペアタイヤの前記
バンパ側トレツド面に直接臨むように配置され
たストツパ部と、前記バンパの後退動作を前記
ストツパ部に伝える伝達部とを備え、前記スペ
アタイヤが前記軸棒を中心に回動可能に支承さ
れており、前記伝達部がシヨツクアブソーバー
を含んでいることを特徴とする車両用衝突エネ
ルギー吸収装置。 (2) 前記ストツパ部が、前記スペアタイヤの輪郭
円半径より若干大きい曲率半径を有して該スペ
アタイヤトレツド面に沿つて配置された円弧状
板バネ部、該板バネ部の円弧頂部に接続され、
前記バンパ部と平行に延びる直線状板バネ部、
及び前記円弧状板バネ部の端部と前記直線状板
バネ部の端部とを連結する円弧状板バネよりな
る連結部材を備えている実用新案登録請求の範
囲１項記載の車両用衝突エネルギー吸収装置。[Scope of Claim for Utility Model Registration] (1) A bumper supported on a vehicle so that it can move backward in response to an external impact force, and a spare fitted to a spare tire holding shaft on the vehicle closer to the center of the vehicle than the bumper. a tire, a stopper portion disposed so as to directly face the bumper-side tread surface of the spare tire, and a transmission portion that transmits a backward movement of the bumper to the stopper portion, the spare tire being centered around the axle. 1. A collision energy absorption device for a vehicle, wherein the device is rotatably supported by a vehicle, and the transmission portion includes a shock absorber. (2) The stopper portion is arranged on an arcuate leaf spring portion having a radius of curvature slightly larger than the outline radius of the spare tire and arranged along the tread surface of the spare tire, and at the top of the arc of the leaf spring portion. connected,
a linear leaf spring portion extending parallel to the bumper portion;
and a connecting member made of an arcuate leaf spring that connects an end of the arcuate leaf spring portion and an end of the linear leaf spring portion. Absorption device.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1987167067U JPH0529963Y2 (en) | 1987-10-30 | 1987-10-30 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1987167067U JPH0529963Y2 (en) | 1987-10-30 | 1987-10-30 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0170655U JPH0170655U (en) | 1989-05-11 |
| JPH0529963Y2 true JPH0529963Y2 (en) | 1993-07-30 |
Family
ID=31455027
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1987167067U Expired - Lifetime JPH0529963Y2 (en) | 1987-10-30 | 1987-10-30 |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0529963Y2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10829676B2 (en) | 2009-04-24 | 2020-11-10 | Terralithium Llc | Treated geothermal brine compositions with reduced concentration of silica, iron and lithium |
| US11649170B2 (en) | 2009-04-24 | 2023-05-16 | Terralithium Llc | Preparation of lithium carbonate from lithium chloride containing brines |
| US11828272B2 (en) | 2009-06-24 | 2023-11-28 | Terralithium Llc | Process for producing geothermal power, selective removal of silica and iron from brines, and improved injectivity of treated brines |
-
1987
- 1987-10-30 JP JP1987167067U patent/JPH0529963Y2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10829676B2 (en) | 2009-04-24 | 2020-11-10 | Terralithium Llc | Treated geothermal brine compositions with reduced concentration of silica, iron and lithium |
| US11649170B2 (en) | 2009-04-24 | 2023-05-16 | Terralithium Llc | Preparation of lithium carbonate from lithium chloride containing brines |
| US11828272B2 (en) | 2009-06-24 | 2023-11-28 | Terralithium Llc | Process for producing geothermal power, selective removal of silica and iron from brines, and improved injectivity of treated brines |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0170655U (en) | 1989-05-11 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4043585A (en) | Buffer for vehicle | |
| AU2004236571B2 (en) | Multi-link rear suspension system | |
| JPH1148883A (en) | Shock absorbing bumper device | |
| US3734554A (en) | Low impact protection system for vehicles | |
| JPH0222252B2 (en) | ||
| JPH0529963Y2 (en) | ||
| US3951391A (en) | Shock absorber | |
| KR200182186Y1 (en) | Vehicle bumper | |
| US3883167A (en) | Devices for absorbing energy by plastic deformation | |
| US5366264A (en) | Ram bar attachment for vehicle bumper | |
| US6206391B1 (en) | Rear suspension using a torsional spring integral with trailing arm | |
| US5403030A (en) | Rear suspension for vehicle | |
| US3136565A (en) | Suspension mechanism | |
| CN214523254U (en) | Automobile chassis suspension arm | |
| KR100229267B1 (en) | Impact absorbing system of bumper for a vehicle | |
| US11548336B1 (en) | Suspension system having rebound control for a vehicle | |
| CN213566121U (en) | Vehicle engineering is with preventing scraping chassis | |
| CN212529555U (en) | Bumper for unmanned automobile | |
| US2203392A (en) | Spring suspension | |
| CN213064438U (en) | Automobile shock absorber | |
| US3799597A (en) | Bumper system for automotive vehicles | |
| JPS6223321Y2 (en) | ||
| JPS6235641Y2 (en) | ||
| JPH0529965Y2 (en) | ||
| KR100376763B1 (en) | Rear guard for vehicle |