JPH05292834A - Method and device for raising plant - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To raise a plant in good working efficiency by subjecting the plant such as a leaf vegetable, a fruit vegetable or a flower to a nutritive solution cultivation stimulating the growth of the plant with high color-rendering type fluorescent lamps having a specific average color-rendering evaluation number as a light source over the seedling-raising period or the whole plant growth period. CONSTITUTION:When a plant such as a leaf vegetable, a fruit vegetable or a flower is raised under fluorescent lamps as a light source, the plant is subjected to a nutritive solution cultivation with a cultivation device. In the device, a lower nutritive solution tank 7 is disposed, and upper fluorescent lamps 12 and intermediate cultivation tanks 5 for circulating the nutritive solution through the nutritive solution tank 7 and a pump 8 are disposed in plural stages. Further, a solution-supplying pipe 9 communicated with the nutritive solution tank 7 is disposed above the uppermost cultivation tank 5 through the pump 8, and a water level-adjustable overflow pipe 10 communicated with the nutritive solution tank 7 is disposed. High color-rendering type fluorescent lamps 12 attached to a frame 11 for each several lamps, having an average color rendition evaluation number Ra of >=90 and having a color rendition grade of AA or AAA are employed. Thereby, the plant is raised in excellent working efficiency over the seedling-raising period or the whole growth period.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a plant growing method and a growing apparatus for growing leaf vegetables, fruit vegetables, flowers and the like using a fluorescent lamp as a light source for the whole seedling period or the whole growing period. is there.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, growing plants in a controlled environment using artificial light has been carried out on a trial basis, and in recent years, research on so-called plant factories for leafy vegetables such as saladana has been conducted.・ Active development is underway, and some have reached the practical stage.

However, in such plant factories,
In most cases as artificial light, high pressure discharge lamps such as high pressure sodium lamps and metal halide lamps (High In
tersity Discharge lamp) has been used recently, and in some tests, fluorescent lamps have been used for the purpose of space saving, reduction of exhaust heat from the lamp, and uniform lighting conditions in terms of cultivation. It ’s just nothing.

The type of fluorescent lamp used in this case is a three-wavelength light emitting type whose model name is EX-D or EX-N, or it is improved so that a blue part near a wavelength of 450 nanometers is projected. Lamps are used because they are the brightest among fluorescent lamps and have the highest photosynthetic effective photon flux density when the distance from plants is the same with the same power (wattage). This is because.

[0005]

However, the three-wavelength emission type fluorescent lamp is more effective than other fluorescent lamps in the illuminance and the photosynthetic effective photon quantum when the distance to the plant is made the same with the same power. Although the bundle density also shows the highest value, it may cause morphological changes such as elongated leaves depending on the type of plant, and is expensive compared to other fluorescent lamps.

[0006] On the other hand, the scope of research on plant growth by fluorescent lamps at present is very limited, and the three-wavelength band emission type fluorescent lamps are compared with high pressure discharge lamps such as high pressure sodium lamps.
There is only the merit of reducing the amount of electric power, etc., and comparative studies among various fluorescent lamps have hardly been conducted.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above conventional problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a plant growing device provided with a fluorescent lamp most suitable for growing plants.

The plant growing apparatus of the present invention comprises a lower nutrient solution tank, an intermediate cultivation tank in which the nutrient solution is circulated through the nutrient solution tank and a pump, and an upper fluorescent lamp. Color rendering AA or color rendering AAA with color rendering index Ra of 90 or more
The high color rendering type is characterized in that a reflector is provided above the fluorescent lamp.

[0009]

[Function] When the type of the fluorescent lamp is set to the color rendering AA or the color rendering AAA with the average color rendering index Ra of 90 or more, 3
Compared with the wavelength emission type fluorescent lamp, the cost was reduced and the growth was improved in quality and quantity.

By providing a mirror-like reflection shade or reflection plate above the fluorescent lamp, the illuminance on the cultivation surface and the photosynthetic effective photon flux density are the same as those of ordinary white-painted reflection shades or reflection plates. Compared with the case, it reached about twice.

By installing the fluorescent lamp under the cultivation tank of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus installed in an ordinary greenhouse, when the upper cultivation tank is used as the main field and the lower cultivation apparatus is used as the seedling raising apparatus, It was effectively used.

When the cultivation tank and the fluorescent lamp are arranged in a plurality of stages, the overflow is communicated with the nutrient solution tank via a pump above the uppermost cultivation tank to communicate with the nutrient solution tank with adjustable water level. By providing a liquid supply tank having a pipe, by connecting the liquid supply pipe to each cultivation tank at the bottom of the liquid supply tank,
The supply amount of the nutrient solution to each cultivation tank could be made more uniform arbitrarily.

By making part or all of the fluorescent lamps movable up and down or tilting, it becomes easy to take out the plants from the cultivation tank, and in the case of fruit and vegetables that grow upward, the lamps should be moved upward as they grow. I was able to move it.

By providing a convex portion obtained by extending a part of the cultivation tank on the liquid supply side and the drainage side of the cultivation tank, the cultivation surface becomes completely rectangular, and the loss part of the cultivation panel and the floor is eliminated.

The size of the cultivation tank is set for each unit of the number of seeds and the number of plantings, and each cultivation tank is provided with a caster at the bottom so that the cultivation tank can be taken out in a drawer shape, and a movable cultivation tank cradle is installed in the passage. As a result, workability such as sowing and planting was improved.

The size of each number of seeds and the number of planting units and the freely removable cultivation tank are provided with a liquid supply port and a drainage port on the left and right of the extraction side, and the cultivation tank on the extraction side sandwiching the liquid supply port. In front of the inner wall of the cultivation tank opposite to the inner wall of the cultivation tank, a channel plate that stands upright in the cultivation tank is provided. By installing a floor pedestal, pipes and hoses can be attached to and detached from the liquid supply port and the liquid discharge port only on the take-out side, and the nutrient solution that has entered the cultivation tank from the liquid supply port is guided to the flow path plate. Then, it hits the inner wall of the cultivation tank corresponding to the take-out side and returns to the drainage port on the take-out side, so that the nutrient solution could be flowed over the whole root of the plant.

A plurality of fluorescent lamps are attached to a frame body having casters on the lower surface, one end of the frame body is rotatably fixed, one end of an elastic damper is attached to the other end, and the other end of the elastic damper is attached. Since the fluorescent lamp was rotatably fixed to the pillar, the fluorescent lamp could be easily pulled out at the time of replacement or the like, and when the seedlings were transplanted, a plurality of frames were lightly lifted to secure a sufficient working space.

[Examples] First, in order to select the most suitable fluorescent lamp for growing plants, the growth of Saladana was examined using various fluorescent lamps. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0018]

[Table 1]

Color rendering AA and color rendering AAA, which are high color rendering types, as compared with the three-wavelength emission type that has been conventionally used for growing plants.
In, the growth is superior by about 40%. Further, in the three-wavelength emission type and the normal type, some leaf morphological abnormalities occurred in most crops, whereas in the high color rendering type, color rendering AA occurred in spinach but not in other crops, and Among the high color rendering types, color rendering AAA did not cause any abnormalities in any crops. Therefore, it was found that the color rendering AA or the high color rendering type of color rendering AAA was suitable for growing plants.

Next, the plant growing device of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 is a schematic view of this device. The support 1 of 3 steps is attached to the pillar 1, the cultivation tank 5 having the convex portions 3 and 4 in the liquid supply and drainage for the panel seedling is provided in the upper 2 steps, and the lowest step can be drawn out in small units. A plurality of small cultivation tanks 6 for growing beds are provided, and the cultivation tanks 5 and 6 and the nutrient solution tank 7 are connected by a liquid supply pipe 9 and a drainage pipe 10 via a pump 8 to circulate the nutrient solution. .. At the top of each cultivation tank, a fluorescent lamp 12 of high color rendering with color rendering AA or color rendering AAA is installed in a frame 11 that can be raised and lowered and pulled out. A plate 13 is provided.

FIG. 2 shows a cultivation tank for raising a panel. At both ends of the same side in the longitudinal direction, convex portions 3 and 4 in a state where the cultivation tank is extended are provided, and one of them is provided with a drainage pipe 14 that can be extracted. Then, the liquid supply pipe 9 is inserted into the other convex portion 3 to supply the nutrient solution, the constant water level is maintained in the cultivation tank, and the surplus overflows from the drainage pipe. Here, the panel is made of styrofoam and has a large number of planting holes 15,
It is used by floating on the nutrient solution in the cultivation tank 5, and is usually transplanted or planted on a panel after densely planting on a floor and growing for a certain period.

Next, FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5, and FIG. 6 show a floor and a cultivation tank for floor raising seedlings provided with a floor. First, the floor 18 has a urethane sheet 19 for seeding, which has one hundred blocks.
Each urethane block has a small hole 20 for the root to go out, a brim 22 for both handle and installation is provided on both sides of the floor, and the floor position is adjusted under the brim. A support rod 23 for use is provided. On the other hand, in the small cultivation tank for bed nursery, one side 24 is a tubular body having an inward opening portion 25 at one end, and a liquid supply port 26 is provided at the upper part of the other end, and the opposite side 2
7 is provided with a floor receiving plate, a drainage pipe 14 that can be pulled out is provided on the bottom of the cultivation tank on the side of the floor receiving plate that faces the liquid supply port, and the upper surface 28 of the tubular body 24 and the floor receiving plate 29 have a floor. A plurality of penetrations 30 through which the 18 support rods 23 penetrate are provided. The nutrient solution supplied from the liquid supply port 26 flows into the cultivation tank 5 from the opening 25 at the tip through the tubular body 24 and flows into the drainage pipe 14 on the opposite side while maintaining a constant water level throughout the tank. Also floor 1
In No. 8, it is necessary to keep the water level of the urethane sheet for sowing from seeding to root rooting at a high water level, and then to dry the upper surface of the urethane sheet. Set the floor so that it will enter the upper part of the urethane sheet, and then set the floor so that the support rod does not have a through hole so that the floor rises by the length of the support rod and the bottom of the urethane sheet. Only soak in water.

Next, FIG. 7 shows a drawer structure for the growing bed. Cultivation tank receivers 31 are provided on both sides of the small cultivation tank, casters 33 are attached to the lower portion of the cultivation tank receiver, and the rails 33 on the support base 2 are pulled out while the cultivation tank 6 is on the cultivation tank receiver 31. At this time, the drainage pipe of the small cultivation tank 6 is the drainage pipe 1
Raise it to a height that does not hit 0.

Next, an elevating mechanism and a drawing structure for the fluorescent lamp 12 are shown in FIGS. Fluorescent lamp 12
Is divided into two systems on both sides, and a frame 35 is provided for each fluorescence,
The reflective shade 13 and the fluorescent lamp 12 are attached to the lower surface of the frame body 35. A flat plate 36 is projected on both sides of the upper portion of the frame body 35 in the pull-out direction, and the casters 3 are placed under the flat plate.
2 is attached. On the other hand, one end of the rail 33 below the caster 32 is rotatably attached to a central column 37 and a frame receiver 38 is provided. The other end of the rail is rotatably connected to one end of the elastic damper, and the other end of the elastic damper is rotatably attached to the end column. It is fixed upwards by lifting the ends. Then, at the time of lamp maintenance such as replacement of the fluorescent lamp, the plurality of lamps are pulled out to the outside of the support by holding the end of the frame.

A liquid supply mechanism using a water supply tank is shown in FIG.
A liquid supply tank 40 is provided further above the uppermost cultivation tank, and the nutrient solution is pumped up from the lowermost nutrient solution tank 41 to the liquid supply tank by a pump 42 and fixed to the bottom of the liquid supply tank. The nutrient solution is supplied to each of the cultivation tanks 5 and 6 through the liquid supply pipe 43. At this time, since the liquid supply tank is provided with an overflow pipe 44 which can be moved up and down, the excess nutrient solution returns to the nutrient solution tank.
By moving the overflow pipe 44 up and down,
The water pressure on the liquid supply pipe changes, and the nutrient solution supply amount is adjusted.

As explained above, according to the present invention, various kinds of plants can be normally grown at high speed by the high color rendering fluorescent lamp, and the apparatus has a multi-stage structure using fluorescent lamps, which saves space. Since the small cultivation tank for floor nursery has a drawer structure, work such as sowing is easy, and since fluorescent lamps can be easily moved up and down and pulled out in units of a plurality, planting work and maintenance work of the lamps can be performed easily. FIG. 1 shows the growth results when this invention is used for raising seedlings of leaf vegetables.
2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17. They are,
The number of days required from seeding to harvesting over time when leaf vegetables are sown with this device for 10 to 20 days after seedling and transferred to a greenhouse, and when the whole period from seeding to harvest is cultivated in a greenhouse as in the conventional case It is a graph showing. As can be seen from the graph, when this device is used together compared to the case where only the greenhouse is used, the number of cultivation days is greatly shortened and the interval between them is also very small. Production becomes possible. Further, the present invention is not limited to raising seedlings of plants, but can be used as a plant factory for growing under artificial lighting for the entire cultivation period.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic front view showing an embodiment of the device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a cultivation tank for raising a panel seedling.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a floor.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a cultivation tank with a floor installed.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a cultivation tank with a floor installed.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a cultivation tank with a floor installed.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a small cultivation tank with a floor installed.

FIG. 8 is a front view showing an elevating mechanism of a fluorescent lamp.

FIG. 9 is a front view showing an elevating mechanism of a fluorescent lamp.

FIG. 10 is a side view showing an elevating mechanism of a fluorescent lamp.

FIG. 11 is a schematic front view showing another embodiment of the device of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a view showing the result of growing leafy vegetables according to the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a view showing a result of growing leafy vegetables according to the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a view showing a result of growing leafy vegetables according to the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a view showing a result of growing leafy vegetables according to the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a view showing a result of growing leafy vegetables according to the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a view showing a result of growing leafy vegetables according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Support 2 Support stand 5 Cultivation tank 6 Small cultivation tank 7 Nutrient solution tank 8 Pump 9 Liquid supply pipe 10 Drainage pipe 11 Frame 12 Fluorescent lamp 13 Reflector 14 Drainage pipe 15 Fixed hole 18 Floor 19 Urethane sheet

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. Plant cultivation characterized in that in hydroponics using a fluorescent lamp as a light source, cultivation is performed using a color rendering AA having an average color rendering index Ra of 90 or more or a high color rendering fluorescent lamp having a color rendering AAA. Method. 2. A lower nutrient solution tank, an intermediate cultivation vessel in which the nutrient solution is circulated through the nutrient solution tank and a pump, and an upper fluorescent lamp. The fluorescent lamps have an average color rendering index Ra of 90 or more. 2. A plant growing device characterized by having a color rendering AA or a color rendering high of color rendering AAA, and having a mirror-like reflective shade or reflector provided above the fluorescent lamp. 3. A plant growing device, wherein the fluorescent lamp according to claim 2 is installed under a cultivation tank of a hydroponic cultivation device installed in a normal greenhouse. 4. When the cultivation tank according to claim 2 and the fluorescent lamps are arranged in a plurality of stages, the cultivation tank is communicated with the nutrient solution tank via a pump above the uppermost cultivation tank and is communicated with the nutrient solution tank. A plant growing device characterized in that a liquid supply tank having an overflow pipe capable of adjusting the water level is provided, and a liquid supply pipe for each cultivation tank is connected to the bottom of the liquid supply tank. 5. A plurality of fluorescent lamps according to claim 2 are attached to a frame, a caster is provided under the frame, a rail is provided under the caster, and a frame is provided at one end of the rail. A body stopper is provided so as to be rotatably attached to a column, the other end is rotatably attached to one end of an elastic damper, and the other end of the elastic damper is rotatably attached to another column. Equipment for growing plants. 6. A plant growing device, comprising: a convex portion formed by extending a part of the cultivation tank on the liquid supply side and the drainage side of the cultivation tank according to claim 2. 7. When the cultivation tank and the fluorescent lamps according to claim 2 are arranged in a plurality of stages, a part or all of the cultivation tank is made to have a size for each number of seeding and number of planting units, and each cultivation tank is a drawer. The cultivation tank is provided with a movable cultivation tank pedestal in the passage, and the cultivation tank is provided with a liquid supply port and a drainage port on the left and right sides of the extraction side. From the inner wall of the cultivating tank to the front of the inner wall of the facing cultivating tank, a channel plate that stands upright in the cultivating tank is provided, and on the inner wall of the cultivating tank facing the channel plate, the channel plate is horizontal to the culturing tank. A plant growing device having a floor pedestal at a height.