JPH05285941A - Kneading method for resin composition - Google Patents
Kneading method for resin compositionInfo
- Publication number
- JPH05285941A JPH05285941A JP4091178A JP9117892A JPH05285941A JP H05285941 A JPH05285941 A JP H05285941A JP 4091178 A JP4091178 A JP 4091178A JP 9117892 A JP9117892 A JP 9117892A JP H05285941 A JPH05285941 A JP H05285941A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- melting zone
- resin
- zone
- residence time
- melting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/50—Details of extruders
- B29C48/76—Venting, drying means; Degassing means
- B29C48/765—Venting, drying means; Degassing means in the extruder apparatus
- B29C48/766—Venting, drying means; Degassing means in the extruder apparatus in screw extruders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/50—Details of extruders
- B29C48/505—Screws
- B29C48/54—Screws with additional forward-feeding elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/50—Details of extruders
- B29C48/505—Screws
- B29C48/55—Screws having reverse-feeding elements
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、熱可塑性樹脂組成物の
混練方法に関する。詳しくは、比較的融点の高い樹脂と
熱安定性の低い添加剤もしくは樹脂との組成物又は樹脂
と添加剤もしくは他の樹脂とが相互作用（反応又は分
解）するおそれのある樹脂組成物をストランド切れ等を
抑制して溶融混合する方法に関する。FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for kneading a thermoplastic resin composition. Specifically, the composition of a resin having a relatively high melting point and an additive or resin having low thermal stability, or the resin composition in which the resin and an additive or another resin may interact (react or decompose) The present invention relates to a method of melting and mixing while suppressing breakage and the like.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】熱可塑性樹脂に難燃剤や離型剤、熱安定
剤などを混合する方法として、スクリュー押出機でスト
ランドを成形し、ペレット化することにより溶融混練す
る方法がよく行なわれている。この場合、従来は溶融ゾ
ーンを長くとり、主に完全溶融ゾーンでの剪断による分
散混合を向上させる方法がとられていた。この場合、例
えば完全溶融ゾーンにおける滞留時間は非完全溶融ゾー
ンの１０倍以上が通常である。2. Description of the Related Art As a method for mixing a flame retardant, a mold release agent, a heat stabilizer and the like with a thermoplastic resin, a method in which a strand is formed by a screw extruder and pelletized and melt-kneaded is often performed. . In this case, conventionally, a method has been adopted in which the melting zone is lengthened to improve dispersion and mixing mainly by shearing in the complete melting zone. In this case, the residence time in the complete melting zone is usually 10 times or more that in the incomplete melting zone.
【０００３】また、混練条件を改良する場合はバレルヒ
ーターの設定温度や押出機スクリュー回転数の改良を行
なうのが普通であった。Further, when the kneading conditions are improved, it is usual to improve the set temperature of the barrel heater and the rotation speed of the extruder screw.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、従来の方法で
比較的融点の高い樹脂と熱分解温度の比較的低い添加剤
を混練する場合、あるいは添加剤が樹脂と相互作用して
分解する場合などでは添加剤の分解や樹脂組成物の着色
等により製品の品質が低下したり混練中ストランド切れ
が起こって歩留りが低下したりする問題があった。However, when a resin having a relatively high melting point and an additive having a relatively low thermal decomposition temperature are kneaded by a conventional method, or when the additive interacts with the resin and decomposes. However, there are problems that the quality of the product is deteriorated due to the decomposition of the additive, the coloration of the resin composition, and the like, and that strand breakage occurs during kneading and the yield is decreased.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者らは鋭意検討し
た結果、樹脂を溶融させるニーディングディスクをダイ
スに近づけて完全溶融ゾーンでの滞留時間を短かくする
ことによりストランド切れを大幅に抑制できることを見
出し、本発明に到達した。即ち、本発明の要旨はスクリ
ュー押出機を用いて熱可塑性樹脂組成物を溶融混練する
方法において、完全溶融ゾーンにおける滞留時間を非完
全溶融ゾーンにおける滞留時間の８倍未満とすることを
特徴とする樹脂組成物の混練方法に存する。以下、本発
明を詳細に説明する。Means for Solving the Problems As a result of intensive studies made by the present inventors, strand knitting is significantly suppressed by bringing a kneading disk for melting a resin closer to a die to shorten a residence time in a complete melting zone. The inventors have found out what can be done and have reached the present invention. That is, the gist of the present invention is characterized in that, in a method of melt-kneading a thermoplastic resin composition using a screw extruder, the residence time in the complete melting zone is less than 8 times the residence time in the incomplete melting zone. It lies in a method of kneading a resin composition. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
【０００６】本発明ではスクリュー押出機を用いて溶融
混練する。押出機は溶融混練に通常用いられる押出機で
あればどのタイプでもよく、一軸スクリュー押出機、二
軸同方向スクリュー押出機、二軸異方向スクリュー押出
機などが挙げられる。スクリュー押出機で溶融混練する
には、 原料樹脂をフィーダー（原料供給口）からバレル中に
供給し、初めスクリューエレメントを順フライトにし
て樹脂を不溶融又は半溶融の状態で送り、次いでスク
リューエレメントをニーディングディスクや逆フライト
にて、高剪断をかけることにより樹脂を溶融させ、再
び順フライトで溶融樹脂を送り、ダイスから溶融樹脂
を押出すことにより行なう。バレル温度は通常、樹脂の
融点より０〜５０℃高い温度に設定される。In the present invention, melt kneading is performed using a screw extruder. The extruder may be of any type as long as it is an extruder normally used for melt-kneading, and examples thereof include a single-screw extruder, a twin-screw same-direction screw extruder, and a twin-screw different-direction screw extruder. To melt and knead with a screw extruder, the raw material resin is fed from the feeder (raw material supply port) into the barrel, and the screw element is first fed forward to feed the resin in an unmelted or semi-molten state, then the screw element is fed. The resin is melted by applying high shear with a kneading disk or reverse flight, the molten resin is fed again in the forward flight, and the molten resin is extruded from the die. The barrel temperature is usually set to a temperature 0 to 50 ° C. higher than the melting point of the resin.
【０００７】本発明は、順フライトで不溶融又は半溶融
の樹脂を送るゾーンを非完全溶融ゾーンと定義し、ニー
ディング等の高剪断をかけて樹脂を溶融させるゾーンか
らダイスまでの溶融ゾーンを完全溶融ゾーンと定義した
場合、完全溶融ゾーンでの樹脂の滞留時間を非完全溶融
ゾーンでの滞留時間の８倍未満とすることを必須条件と
するものである。好ましくは非完全溶融ゾーンと完全溶
融ゾーンの滞留時間比は１：３〜１：８である。In the present invention, the zone for sending the non-melting or semi-melting resin in the forward flight is defined as the incomplete melting zone, and the melting zone from the zone where the resin is melted by high shear such as kneading to the die is defined. When defined as a complete melting zone, it is an essential condition that the residence time of the resin in the complete melting zone is less than 8 times the residence time in the incomplete melting zone. Preferably, the residence time ratio between the incomplete melting zone and the complete melting zone is 1: 3 to 1: 8.
【０００８】完全溶融ゾーンが長いと動力負荷が高く、
又添加剤や樹脂成分の熱分解が起こり、添加剤の分解に
より発泡が生じるとストランド切れが起こるので生産安
定性が低下して好ましくない。逆に溶融ゾーンが短かす
ぎると未溶融樹脂が発生する場合もあるので好ましくな
い。完全溶融ゾーンと非完全溶融ゾーンとの滞留時間比
はスクリュー構成を変え、ニーディングディスクの位置
を適切な位置とすることにより設定できる。なお、スク
リューの単位エレメント当りの滞留時間（搬送時間）
は、表−１に示すように、非完全溶融ゾーンに比較して
溶融ゾーンでは２〜１０倍大きい。このため、滞留時間
比で非完全溶融ゾーン：溶融ゾーン＝１：３〜１：８と
するには一般タイプのスクリュー長さでは非完全溶融ゾ
ーンが半分以上となる。If the complete melting zone is long, the power load is high,
In addition, thermal decomposition of the additives and resin components occurs, and foaming due to decomposition of the additives causes strand breakage, which is not preferable because the production stability decreases. Conversely, if the melting zone is too short, unmelted resin may be generated, which is not preferable. The residence time ratio between the complete melting zone and the incomplete melting zone can be set by changing the screw configuration and setting the position of the kneading disk to an appropriate position. The residence time (conveyance time) per unit element of the screw
Is 2 to 10 times larger in the melting zone as compared to the incomplete melting zone, as shown in Table-1. Therefore, in order to make the residence time ratio of incomplete melting zone: melting zone = 1: 3 to 1: 8, the incomplete melting zone is half or more in the general type screw length.
【０００９】[0009]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００１０】本発明の対象樹脂組成物としては、比較的
融点の高い熱可塑性樹脂と熱安定性の低い樹脂又は添加
剤との組成物や相互作用により樹脂や添加剤の分解を促
す組成物が適している。具体的には、前者の例として
は、ＰＢＴ／ＡＢＳ、ＰＣＲ／ＡＢＳ、ＰＡ／ＡＢＳ、
ＰＡ／ＰＰ、ＰＡ／ＰＥなどのポリマーアロイ又はポリ
マーブレンド、あるいはＰＣＲ、ＰＢＴ、ＰＥＴ、ＰＡ
などの融点の比較的高いポリマーに分解温度の低い離型
剤、顔料、難燃剤、熱安定剤、衝撃改良剤などの添加剤
を配合した組成物が例示できる。後者の例としてはＰＢ
Ｔ／ＰＥＴ、ＰＣＲ／ＰＥＴ、ＰＣＲ／ＰＢＴなどのポ
リマーアロイ又はポリマーブレンド、あるいはＰＢＴ、
ＰＣＲ、ＰＡなどとブタジエン系ゴム、アクリル系ゴム
等とのポリマーアロイ又はポリマーブレンドが例示でき
る。（ただし、ＰＢＴはポリブチレンテレフタレート、
ＰＥＴはポリエチレンテレフタレート、ＡＢＳはアクリ
ロニトリル−ブタジエン−スチレン共重合体、ＰＣＲは
ポリカーボネート、ＰＡはポリアミド、ＰＰはポリプロ
ピレン、ＰＥはポリエチレンの略である。）The target resin composition of the present invention is a composition of a thermoplastic resin having a relatively high melting point and a resin or an additive having a low thermal stability, or a composition which promotes the decomposition of the resin or the additive by interaction. Are suitable. Specifically, examples of the former include PBT / ABS, PCR / ABS, PA / ABS,
Polymer alloy or polymer blend such as PA / PP, PA / PE, or PCR, PBT, PET, PA
An example of such a composition is a polymer having a relatively high melting point such as, and a release agent having a low decomposition temperature, a pigment, a flame retardant, a heat stabilizer, and an impact modifier. An example of the latter is PB
Polymer alloy or polymer blend such as T / PET, PCR / PET, PCR / PBT, or PBT,
Examples thereof include polymer alloys or polymer blends of PCR, PA and the like with butadiene rubber, acrylic rubber and the like. (However, PBT is polybutylene terephthalate,
PET is polyethylene terephthalate, ABS is acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, PCR is polycarbonate, PA is polyamide, PP is polypropylene, and PE is polyethylene. )
【００１１】[0011]
【実施例】以下、本発明を実施例により具体的に説明す
るが、本発明はその要旨を超えない限り実施例により何
ら限定されるものではない。以下の実施例では、押出機
種としてＴｅｘ４４ｓｓ−３０ＡＮ−ＺＶを用い、原料
組成物としてナイロン−６６（デュポン社製 Ｚｙｔｅ
ｌ ＦＥ３２１８；ηrel ２．８）１００重量部とシア
ヌル酸メラミン（難燃剤；大垣化成工業（株）製、ＭＸ
−４４、粒径３２５メッシュ、分解開始温度２７０〜３
００℃）５重量部からなる組成物を用いた。バレルヒー
ターの温度はいずれも２７０〜２８０℃とした。押出量
は実施例３を除き同量である。EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples as long as the gist thereof is not exceeded. In the following examples, Tex44ss-30AN-ZV was used as the extrusion model and nylon-66 (Zyte manufactured by DuPont) was used as the raw material composition.
l FE3218; η rel 2.8) 100 parts by weight and melamine cyanurate (flame retardant; Ogaki Kasei Co., Ltd., MX
-44, particle size 325 mesh, decomposition start temperature 270-3
(00 ° C.) 5 parts by weight of a composition was used. The temperature of each barrel heater was 270 to 280 ° C. Extrusion amount is the same except for Example 3.
【００１２】比較例１（従来の方法） スクリューパターンを図−１のＩのようにして溶融混練
を行なった（図中矢印は、樹脂の流れ方向を示す）。滞
留時間比は非完全溶融ゾーン：溶融ゾーン＝１：１４で
あった。この結果スクリューモーターの動力負荷は８５
Ａ（アンペア）で、ストランド切れが３０分間に１５回
もあった。また、樹脂組成物の発泡も認められた。Comparative Example 1 (Conventional Method) Melt kneading was carried out with a screw pattern as indicated by I in FIG. 1 (the arrow in the figure indicates the flow direction of the resin). The residence time ratio was incomplete melting zone: melting zone = 1: 14. As a result, the power load of the screw motor is 85
At A (ampere), the strand breakage was 15 times in 30 minutes. Further, foaming of the resin composition was also observed.
【００１３】実施例１ スクリューパターンを図−１のIIのように変えて溶融混
練した。滞留時間比は１：３であった。この結果、動力
負荷は６８Ａと小さくなり、ストランド切れも見られな
くなった。Example 1 Melting and kneading were carried out while changing the screw pattern as shown by II in FIG. The residence time ratio was 1: 3. As a result, the power load was reduced to 68 A and strand breaks were no longer observed.
【００１４】実施例２ スクリューパターンを図−１のIII のように変えた。滞
留時間比は１：５となった。この結果、動力負荷は７５
Ａとなり、ストランド切れも見られなかった。Example 2 The screw pattern was changed as indicated by III in FIG. The residence time ratio was 1: 5. As a result, the power load is 75
It was A and no strand break was observed.
【００１５】実施例３ 実施例１において押出量を１．３倍とした他は同様にし
た。（滞留時間比は１：３のまま。）動力負荷は８０Ａ
であり、ストランド切れは見られなかった。この結果か
ら、本発明の方法はストランド切れを抑制するばかりで
なく、処理量を増やすこともできることがわかる。Example 3 The same as Example 1 except that the extrusion rate was 1.3 times. (The residence time ratio remains 1: 3.) Power load is 80A
No strand break was observed. From this result, it is understood that the method of the present invention can not only suppress strand breakage but also increase the throughput.
【００１６】比較例２ スクリューパターンを図−１のIIのようにし、原料をサ
イドフィーダー６から供給して溶融混練を行なった。本
比較例は短い押出機を用いて、溶融時間を短かくした場
合に相当する。滞留時間比は１：８であった。ストラン
ド切れは認められなかったが動力負荷が８７Ａと大きく
なった。Comparative Example 2 The screw pattern was as shown by II in FIG. 1 and the raw materials were fed from the side feeder 6 and melt-kneaded. This comparative example corresponds to the case where the melting time is shortened by using a short extruder. The residence time ratio was 1: 8. No strand break was observed, but the power load increased to 87A.
【００１７】比較例３ 滞留時間比を１：２とした他は実施例１と同様にした。
樹脂は未溶融部分を含み、均一な分散はしなかった。Comparative Example 3 Same as Example 1 except that the residence time ratio was 1: 2.
The resin contained an unmelted portion and was not uniformly dispersed.
【００１８】[0018]
【発明の効果】本発明の方法によりストランド切れが抑
制できるので歩留りを向上させることができる。また、
動力負荷が小さくなるので、その分押出量を増やすこと
ができ、生産量を増加することもできる。The strand breakage can be suppressed by the method of the present invention, so that the yield can be improved. Also,
Since the power load is reduced, the amount of extrusion can be increased and the amount of production can be increased accordingly.
【図１】実施例の押出機のスクリューパターンを示す模
式図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a screw pattern of an extruder of an example.
１ 非完全溶融ゾーン ２ 高剪断により樹脂を溶融させるゾーン ３ 溶融ゾーン ４ 原料供給口（比較例２を除く） ５ ベント口 ６ サイドフィーダー ７ ダイス 1 Incomplete Melting Zone 2 Zone for Melting Resin by High Shear 3 Melting Zone 4 Raw Material Supply Port (Excluding Comparative Example 2) 5 Vent Port 6 Side Feeder 7 Dice
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 白石 義隆 北九州市八幡西区黒崎城石１番１号 三菱 化成株式会社黒崎工場内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (72) Inventor Yoshitaka Shiraishi 1-1 Kurosaki Shiroishi, Hachimansai-ku, Kitakyushu City Mitsubishi Kasei Co., Ltd. Kurosaki Plant
Claims (1)
組成物を溶融混練する方法において、完全溶融ゾーンに
おける滞留時間を非完全溶融ゾーンにおける滞留時間の
８倍未満とすることを特徴とする樹脂組成物の混練方
法。1. A method for melt-kneading a thermoplastic resin composition using a screw extruder, wherein the residence time in the complete melting zone is less than 8 times the residence time in the incomplete melting zone. Method of kneading things.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4091178A JPH05285941A (en) | 1992-04-10 | 1992-04-10 | Kneading method for resin composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4091178A JPH05285941A (en) | 1992-04-10 | 1992-04-10 | Kneading method for resin composition |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH05285941A true JPH05285941A (en) | 1993-11-02 |
Family
ID=14019210
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4091178A Pending JPH05285941A (en) | 1992-04-10 | 1992-04-10 | Kneading method for resin composition |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH05285941A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002154114A (en) * | 2000-09-08 | 2002-05-28 | Asahi Kasei Corp | Method for manufacturing fire-retardant polycarbonate resin composition |
| US8846776B2 (en) | 2009-08-14 | 2014-09-30 | Boral Ip Holdings Llc | Filled polyurethane composites and methods of making same |
| US9139708B2 (en) | 2006-03-24 | 2015-09-22 | Boral Ip Holdings Llc | Extrusion of polyurethane composite materials |
| US9481759B2 (en) | 2009-08-14 | 2016-11-01 | Boral Ip Holdings Llc | Polyurethanes derived from highly reactive reactants and coal ash |
| US10086542B2 (en) | 2004-06-24 | 2018-10-02 | Century-Board Usa, Llc | Method for molding three-dimensional foam products using a continuous forming apparatus |
| US10138341B2 (en) | 2014-07-28 | 2018-11-27 | Boral Ip Holdings (Australia) Pty Limited | Use of evaporative coolants to manufacture filled polyurethane composites |
-
1992
- 1992-04-10 JP JP4091178A patent/JPH05285941A/en active Pending
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002154114A (en) * | 2000-09-08 | 2002-05-28 | Asahi Kasei Corp | Method for manufacturing fire-retardant polycarbonate resin composition |
| US10086542B2 (en) | 2004-06-24 | 2018-10-02 | Century-Board Usa, Llc | Method for molding three-dimensional foam products using a continuous forming apparatus |
| US10889035B2 (en) | 2004-06-24 | 2021-01-12 | Century-Board Corporation | Method for molding three-dimensional foam products using a continuous forming apparatus |
| US9139708B2 (en) | 2006-03-24 | 2015-09-22 | Boral Ip Holdings Llc | Extrusion of polyurethane composite materials |
| US9512288B2 (en) | 2006-03-24 | 2016-12-06 | Boral Ip Holdings Llc | Polyurethane composite materials |
| US8846776B2 (en) | 2009-08-14 | 2014-09-30 | Boral Ip Holdings Llc | Filled polyurethane composites and methods of making same |
| US9481759B2 (en) | 2009-08-14 | 2016-11-01 | Boral Ip Holdings Llc | Polyurethanes derived from highly reactive reactants and coal ash |
| US10138341B2 (en) | 2014-07-28 | 2018-11-27 | Boral Ip Holdings (Australia) Pty Limited | Use of evaporative coolants to manufacture filled polyurethane composites |
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