JPH0527757A - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide the electronic musical instrument which facilitates melody performance by a player. CONSTITUTION:When a chord is newly inputted from a keyboard 2, a CPU 3 analyzes the tonality of an input chord pattern which is effective so far and decides the function and key of the new chord. The CPU 3 generates data on automatic performance according to the decided key and function. Simultaneously with the automatic performance, the CPU 3 determines a scale matching the key and function and conditions the keyboard 2 according to the determined scale. The player plays a melody on the keyboard which is conditioned according to the scale.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument, and more particularly to an electronic musical instrument which facilitates a player to play a melody.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Most of today's electronic keyboard instruments have a chord progression input type automatic accompaniment function to facilitate the accompaniment by the left hand of the performer. This kind of automatic accompaniment function allows the performer to enter only the chord progression from the accompaniment keyboard,
From the chord progression, an accompaniment with rhythm and pitch lines is automatically formed. Therefore, the performer can enjoy playing the song by inputting the melody of the song with the right hand while inputting the chord progression of the existing song with the left hand. However, when the melody is unclear, or for a player who wants to improvise the melody but does not have sufficient music knowledge, it is difficult to know which sound to play along with the accompaniment, making the melody performance difficult. . In short, conventional electronic musical instruments lack the ability to facilitate the performance of a melody by a player.

[0003]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an electronic musical instrument having a function of facilitating a player to play a melody.

[0004]

According to the present invention, pitch class set defining means for defining a pitch class set that can be used in each section of music, and operation by a player for playing the melody of the music. An electronic musical instrument comprising: a melody playing operation means for playing the melody; and a performance conditioning means for conditioning the melody playing operating means by the pitch class set given from the pitch class setting means during the melody playing of the music. Will be provided.

In this structure, the pitch class set defining means defines a pitch class set (scale) that can be used in each section of music. As a result, the progress of the pitch class set according to the progress of the music can be obtained. The performance conditioning means conditions the melody performance operating means according to the pitch class set of each section given from the pitch class set defining means during the melody performance. As a result, when playing a certain section (first section) of music, the melody playing means forms a melody having (a row of) pitch classes selected from the pitch class set usable in that section, and the next section ( When the second section) is played, a melody having (a row of) pitch classes selected from the pitch class set usable in the second section is formed. Therefore, even if the performer does not know the sound that can be used for the melody in each music section and inputs the wrong sound, the electronic musical instrument will correct it (create a melody reconstructed with usable sounds). Therefore, unlike the prior art, the melody performance by the performer becomes very easy.

In one configuration example, the melody playing operation means has a keyboard made up of a plurality of melody keys, and the playing condition setting means has a note name representing each individual melody key of each melody key. It has scale assigning means for assigning a name, and key name / note name converting means for converting a key name signal generated from a depressed melody key into a note name signal according to the scale assigning means. This configuration provides a 12-key (12-note name) / octave structure keyboard with a desired scale keyboard function in accordance with the progress of music. For example, when the scale is C, D, E, G, A, B, the keyboard is as if there are 6 keys of C, D, E, G, A, B.
Works like an octave keyboard. In other words, this configuration provides a large number of virtual keyboards having different note name sets from the structure of a single keyboard.

A first method of converting a 12-key / octave keyboard into a virtual keyboard of a certain scale is to convert each key name of the 12 keys into the note name of each individual constituent note of the scale. For example, in the case of the scales of C, D, E, G, A, and B, the key of C → the key of note name C C # → the key of note name C D → the key of note name D D # → the note name D E Key → note name EF key → note name EF # key → note name GG key → note name G A ♭ key → note name A A key → note name A B ♭ key → note name B Each key name is converted into a scale pitch name like B key → pitch name B. Another conversion method (second conversion method) is to assign keys other than C, D, E, G, A, and B to inactivity (NOP), and invalidate the input from these keys. The conversion method as described above can be easily applied to not only keyboard musical instruments but also other electronic musical instruments.
For example, in the case of an electronic guitar, the string / fret positions are converted into scale note names. In the case of an electronic lead musical instrument, a fingering table memory for returning the note names (preferably including octave information) of the scale constituent notes for the combination of fingering positions is prepared.

According to one aspect of the present invention, chord progression input means operated by a player to input a chord progression and tonal analysis of the inputted chord progression are extracted to extract the progression of keys and functions. Key / function extracting means, an accompaniment means for automatically playing an accompaniment according to the progression of the extracted key and function, a scale determining means for determining the progression of scale in accordance with the progression of the extracted key and function, and the chord progression A melody input means operated by a player to input a melody during input, and a melody for conditioning the melody input means according to a scale given by the scale determining means in each chord section during input of the chord progression An electronic musical instrument is provided, which comprises: a performance conditioner. Preferably, in addition to the above configuration, a music style designating means for designating a music style is provided, and a music style for which the scale determining means is designated,
It can be configured to determine the progression of the scale according to the progression of the extracted key and function.

According to another aspect of the present invention, an automatic playing means for automatically playing a music piece, a melody playing operation means operated by a player for playing a melody to be added to the music piece, There is provided an electronic musical instrument characterized by comprising a performance conditioning means for conditioning the melody performance operating means by using the progress of the scale in accordance with the progress of the music during the automatic performance. In this configuration, the automatic performance means may be a completely automatic performance device (for example, a device for reproducing music performance data stored in an external ROM package or an external CD (compact disc), or a performance reproduction sequencer). For example, a music piece that is automatically played includes a portion (section) that includes both an accompaniment and a melody and a portion that includes only the accompaniment. The performer can perform a solo performance of the melody in a portion where only the accompaniment is played, or can perform an obligard performance for the automatically played melody. In order to define the progression of the scale that suits the style and progression of the musical composition, an external storage medium such as an external ROM package can be provided with a memory for storing information on the progression of such a scale. By the operation of the performance condition imparting means, the melody performance of the performer himself is facilitated by inputting the melody which has been modified according to the scale usable in each music section from the performance operating means. Further, in this case, since the model melody included in the automatic performance can be heard in advance, the melody performance becomes easier. The automatic performance means may be an accompaniment means for automatically performing only the accompaniment.

[0010]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1 to 12 show a first embodiment when the present invention is applied to an electronic keyboard instrument. This electronic keyboard instrument has a tonality analysis function that analyzes the chord progression input from the accompaniment keyboard and extracts the progression of the key and chord function. Further, this electronic keyboard instrument has an automatic performance function for automatically playing an accompaniment in response to chord progression input. The automatic performance function forms an accompaniment based on the tonality analysis result (key and chord function) and a music style selected in advance, and plays as a musical sound. Further, according to the present invention, in order to facilitate the melody performance by the player himself / herself, the electronic keyboard instrument conditions the melody performance with a scale (pitch class set) that can be used in each section of the accompaniment automatically played. Have a function. The melody performance conditioning function timely determines a desired scale based on the tonality analysis result and the music style, and conditions the melody keyboard with the scale. As a result, even if the performer operates a key with an incorrect sound that is not on the scale to input a melody, the melody that matches the scale is reworked on the electronic keyboard instrument side. As a result, a melody with a scale progression that matches the progression of the accompaniment will be played.

As shown in FIG. 1, this electronic keyboard instrument has a switch LE which is arranged on a panel as a basic component.
D group 1, keyboard (keyboard) 2, CPU 3, RAM 4 as working memory, ROM 5 for storing programs and fixed data, sound source 6 for electronically generating musical tones, amplifier 7 of audio system coupled to sound source output, speaker 8 including.

As described above, this electronic keyboard instrument has an automatic accompaniment function by chord progression input. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, an automatic accompaniment mode switch 11, an automatic accompaniment start / stop switch 12, an accompaniment style selection switch 13 (for example, 13
-1 selects the music style "Enka" and 13-2 selects the music style "Blues"). In the automatic accompaniment mode, the left-hand area of the keyboard 2 constitutes an accompaniment keyboard for inputting chord progressions, and the right-hand area constitutes a melody keyboard for playing a melody. Furthermore, this electronic keyboard instrument has a tonality determination function that determines the tonality (key and chord function) of each chord by performing a tonality analysis on the chord progression input to the accompaniment keyboard. With this tonality analysis function, for example, FIG.
As shown in, by pressing the code, CM → FM → C7 → F
When the chord progression of M is input, it is determined that the first two chords are C tones and the next two chords are F tones, and as the chord function, the first CM is IM and the second FM is IV.
M, the third C7 is determined to be V7, and the fourth FM is determined to be IM. The tonality judgment function is realized by a key / function judgment program stored in the ROM 5, a musical knowledge database of chord progressions used in the program, and the CPU 3 which is the execution subject of the program.

The tonality determination function is used to form an accompaniment.
That is, in this electronic keyboard instrument, the accompaniment is automatically played based on the tonality analysis result of chord progression.
For this reason, the ROM 5 stores accompaniment patterns for each chord function for each accompaniment style. In operation, the CPU 3 reads from the ROM 5 an accompaniment pattern corresponding to the determined combination of the function of the current chord and the currently selected accompaniment style, and transposes the accompaniment pattern in the determined current key to be actually played. An accompaniment pattern is formed. Further, according to the present invention, this electronic keyboard instrument determines a scale suitable for the accompaniment on behalf of the performer so that the performer can easily play a melody suitable for the accompaniment, and conditions the melody keyboard according to the determined scale. It has a conditioning function.

With such a melody performance conditioning function, a large number of scale keyboards (virtual keyboards) are physically and mechanically produced from a single melody keyboard. An example of the virtual keyboard is shown in FIG. 4. As shown in FIG. 4, the virtual scale keyboard is defined by a combination of keys, chord functions, and accompaniment styles (music styles). For example, when the key is C, the chord function is IM, and the style is enka, the key C of the (physical) melody keyboard is the note name (pitch class) C, the key d ♭ is the note name C, and the key d is the note name D. , Key e ♭ is note name E, key e is note name E, key f is note name E, key g ♭ is note name G, key g is note name G, key a ♭ is note name G, and key a is note Name A, key b ♭ is note name a, key b is note name C
Acts as a virtual key to specify. 12 keys /
The octave structure melody keyboard is C, D, E, G, A,
It functions as a scale (basic note is C) keyboard with B as an element. In order to realize such a scale keyboard, ROM5
Is provided with a chord function / style / scale conversion table and a key name / note name conversion table. An example of the chord function / style / scale conversion table is shown in FIG. 5, and an example of the key name / pitch name conversion table is shown in FIG.

The chord function / style / scale conversion table 51 stores a scale name (scale number) for each combination of chord function and style. In operation,
The CPU 3 searches the table 51 based on the chord function determined by the tonality analysis and the accompaniment style selected in advance, and extracts the scale name suitable for the combination. For example, the code function

[Outer 1] If the style is Enka, then table 51 is scale No.1.
Returns (without scale). Figure 5 for clarity
Shows the scale name (scale number) in parentheses together with the scale constituent tones when the scale is in C tone. The actual table memory 51 does not store the constituent sound data.

The key name / pitch name conversion table 52 stores information for converting each key name (note name of the key in the normal mode) for each scale name into the note name of each constituent note of the scale. To save storage capacity, table 52 is configured to return C-scale data. Scale data for other tones can be obtained by the method described below. In operation, the CPU 3 looks up the key name / pitch name conversion table 52 using the scale name from the chord function / style / scale conversion table 51 (that is, the scale number suitable for the selected style and the judgment chord function). Then, the scale data indicating the correspondence between the key name and the note name when the scale is C key is extracted. For example, for scale No. 1,
The table 52 is (C, C, D, D, E, E, G, G,
G, A, A, C) scale data is returned. The i-th element of this scale data represents the note name that the i-th (physical) key counted from the key C to the right has when it is a scale keyboard.

It is preferable that each note name data forming the scale data represents the note name by the pitch (difference) from the key name (normal note name) of the key (since the storage capacity can be saved). For example, as shown in FIG. 7, scale data of scale No. 1 is as follows: “0” for key name c, d−1 for key name, “−1” for d, “0” for key name, e ♭ "-1" for key name e "0" for key name f "-1" for key name g ♭ "+1" for key name g "0" for key name a ♭ "-1" key name It is represented by “0” for a, “−1” for b ♭, and “+1” for b. Here, "0" indicates that the note name (key name) is not changed, "+1" indicates that the note name is raised by a semitone, and "-1" indicates that the note name is lowered by a semitone. If such a difference format is used, the scale data can be represented by 24 bits as 2 bits / note name. Therefore, if a byte memory of 8 bits / address is used, the scale data can be stored in three consecutive addresses (storage locations). The combination of the address and the bit position represents the key name. Also, every third address represents a scale number.

FIG. 7 also shows a method of converting the scale data of C key taken out from the key name / pitch name conversion table 52 into the scale data of another key. As shown in the figure, the scale data of the C scale NO.1 becomes the scale data of the D scale NO.1 by rotating right by two digits. In operation, the CPU 3 transposes the scale data tabulated from the table 52 (that is, C scale data suitable for the determination code function and style) in the determination tone by this conversion method to generate the determination tone scale data. The generated scale data (keyboard scale data) realizes the scale keyboard described in FIG. The keyboard scale data is generated each time a new chord is input from the accompaniment keyboard and is updated and stored in the scale keyboard memory in the RAM 4. When a key is pressed on the melody keyboard, the CPU 3 converts the key name into a note name according to the keyboard scale data in the scale keyboard memory. As a result of the conversion, a constituent sound selected from a scale suitable for the accompaniment of the current chord section is obtained.

The flowcharts of FIGS. 8 to 12 will be described below. FIG. 8: Accompaniment style designation switches 13-1, 13-2 ...
When any one of ... Is operated, the CPU 3 stores the information (designated accompaniment style number) in the style memory in the RAM 4. You can specify the accompaniment style even before automatic accompaniment.
It can be done during accompaniment.

FIG. 9: In the automatic accompaniment mode, when a new chord is input from the accompaniment keyboard, the CPU 3 operates according to the flow of FIG. First, the route and type of the new code are determined by a known method (9-1). Next, the tonality analysis of the input code patterns up to the new code is performed to determine the key and function of the new code (9-2). Next, the accompaniment pattern is selected from the accompaniment memory in the ROM 5 using the designated style and the judgment code function (9-3). Next, the style / chord function is used to search the style / chord function / scale conversion table to obtain a scale (scale name) (9-4), and the key name / pitch name conversion table is looked up by the scale name. To obtain scale data (9-5). Further, the scale data is transposed in a judgment tone according to the conversion method described in FIG. 7, and the resulting keyboard scale data is set in the scale keyboard memory (9-6).

FIG. 10 is a flow chart showing an outline of the key / function determination program executed in step 9-2 of FIG. As can be seen from FIG. 9, this program is executed when a new chord is input from the accompaniment keyboard. The key / function determination program first checks whether or not the preceding key (key before inputting a new code) is fixed (10-1).
If it is confirmed, it is checked whether or not the new code maintains the tuning (10-2), and if it is maintained (10-3), the leading key is set in the register KEY and the register F is preceded as the determination result. The function of the code evaluated by the key is set and the process returns (10-4). If the synchronization maintenance test is unsuccessful (10-3), the possibility of modulation is checked (10-5). When the modulation is detected (10-6), the key after the modulation is changed to KEY, F
The function of the new chord evaluated in the key after the transposition is set in and the process returns (10-7). If no modulation can be detected or the preceding key is not known (10-1),
It is examined whether the input code patterns up to the new code suggest the establishment of a key (10-8). When the establishment of the key is detected (10-9), the function of the new chord evaluated by the established key in KEY and the established key in F is set and the process returns (10-10). When the establishment of the key cannot be detected, the key is uncertain, and the root of the new chord is set in KEY, F
Set the new code type to and return (10-
11).

FIG. 11: The accompaniment processing routine is executed in the automatic accompaniment mode at each time of the music resolution according to the tempo. The event time of the selected accompaniment pattern (accompaniment pattern selected in step 9-3 of FIG. 9) arrives (1
1-1) and if the event is a pronunciation event (1
1-2), pitch information included in the sounding event data is transposed in a judgment tone to obtain actual pitch data representing an actual accompaniment pitch (11-3). Then, a sound generation command including the actual pitch data is sent to the sound source 6 to perform sound generation processing (11-
4). Event processing (11-3 and 11-4 or 11-
5) After that, the time data until the next event is read from the selected accompaniment pattern, and it is normalized with the tempo (11
-6). When it is not the event time (11-1), the time data is decremented (11-6). When the time data = 0, the next event time comes. Transposing process 1
By performing the selection process 1-3 and the accompaniment pattern selection process 9-3 (FIG. 9), an accompaniment suitable for the function and key of the current chord is formed.

FIG. 12: When a key is pressed on the melody keyboard under the automatic accompaniment mode, the CPU 3 stores the pitch class (key name) of the key code (consisting of octave and pitch class) of the key being held in the scale keyboard memory. It is converted by the keyboard scale data of (12-1). Specifically, this conversion takes out the note name element (note name data for re-reading the key name) of the keyboard scale data from the pitch class (key name) of the key-depression key code, and the note name data (differential value expression) It is obtained by adding the key press key code. By this conversion, the actual pitch data representing the actual pitch of the melody is obtained. Therefore, the CPU 3 gives a sound generation command including the actual pitch data to the sound source 6 to perform sound generation processing of the melody sound (12-2). Due to the conditioning by the scale keyboard memory, the actual pitch data that is the conversion result always represents the pitch of the constituent sound of the scale (of course, when the pitch bend information is given from an operator such as a pitch bender, the pitch bend is added to the conversion result. Add the information to get the actual pitch data).

In summary, the player uses his left hand to sequentially specify chords from the accompaniment keyboard and input the chord progression.
Electronic keyboard instruments analyze the progression of input chords,
The accompaniment that matches the progression of tonality and the specified style, which is the result of analysis, is formed, and it is played automatically as a musical sound. At the same time, the electronic keyboard instrument determines the progression of the tonality and the scale that matches the style, and conditions the melody keyboard according to the determined scale progression. As a result, the player can easily play a melody that matches the progression of tonality and style, and thus a melody that matches the accompaniment that is automatically played, from the melody keyboard.

Although the description of the first embodiment has been completed, various modifications are easy. For example, the accompaniment (music) style selection switch 13 and its related function are not always necessary. In this case, the automatic accompaniment function forms and plays the accompaniment based on the tonality, and the melody performance conditional function determines the scale according to the tonality and conditions the melody keyboard with the determined scale. The determined scale may be displayed on an appropriate scale display device in order to directly inform the player of the pitch class set that can be used for the melody. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, L corresponds to each key on the keyboard.
The ED navigator 14 is provided and the scale can be displayed on the LED navigator 14. Specifically, such scale display can be realized by using scale data stored in the keyboard scale memory. In other words, in the keyboard scale data, note name elements (scale constituent notes) having a value of “0” are found, and LED elements to be turned on are determined from the memory location (key name information) in which these elements are found and turned on. . Further, as the format of the keyboard scale data, a NOP value may be set for a key name other than the scale-constituting tone so that the tone is not sounded even if a key of a tone that is not on the scale is played. , Which corresponds to processing a key having a value other than “0” in the lower keyboard scale data of FIG. 7 as a NOP). Alternatively, after the chord progression is input from the accompaniment keyboard, the accompaniment based on the chord progression is automatically played, and the scale may be displayed at that time. In this way, the performer can concentrate on playing the melody and does not have to worry about inputting the chord progression.

One advantage of the melody performance conditioning function is that a melody based on the scale can be created even if the performer does not know the scale suitable for the accompaniment. But,
Through the use of this electronic keyboard instrument, it is expected that the performer will eventually acquire knowledge about such scale and ability to compose musical melody. Therefore, the melody performance conditioning function (scale keyboard function) is also effective in music education.

Another embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS. As shown in FIG. 13, in the second embodiment, an external ROM package 10 is used which stores music performance data and music scale progress data. The external ROM package 10 is an external keyboard for the electronic keyboard instrument when in use.
The device is mounted on the OM package reading device 9, the information is read and passed to the CPU 3. In operation, the electronic keyboard instrument reproduces the performance data in the external ROM package 10 and sounds it as a musical sound to automatically perform the musical composition. At the same time, the electronic keyboard instrument selects the scale at each playing point from the scale progress data, and conditions the keyboard (keyboard) 2 accordingly. As a result, the performer can timely input a melody suitable for the music automatically played from the melody keyboard.

The memory format of the external ROM package 10 is shown in FIG. As shown, the external ROM package 10 includes a header H and a performance data memory S1 for each song.
S2 ... and key name / note name conversion table SCT. The header H stores index information such as the number of songs recorded in the package, the start address of the performance data memory of each song, and the start address of the key name / note name conversion table SCT. In the performance data memory S of each music, scale performance (progress of the scale name specifying the fundamental tone) that matches the performance of the music is stored together with the performance data of the music. Key name / pitch name conversion table SC
T is for converting the scale name written in the scale progression into scale constituent sounds. The table SCT may have the same format as the table 52 of the first embodiment (see FIG. 6).

The format of the performance data memory S for each song is illustrated in FIG. As shown in the figure, the performance data memory S for one music includes a music header SH and a plurality of performance tracks Tr.
1, Tr2 ... and a scale advancing track S-Tr. The song header SH stores information about the tempo (performance speed) of the song, the number of tracks, and the start address of each track. Performance data of individual musical instruments (timbres) is stored in the individual performance tracks Tr1, Tr2, .... The format of the performance data is, for example, event-to-event (eve).
nt-to-event) expression. For example, note A
Pronunciation, then note C, then note B and note C
The performance part such as the simultaneous muting of notes is sounding event data of note A (note number, initial velocity, etc.), time data until the next event (that is, sounding of note C), sounding event data of note C, and next event. It is expressed by storing time data up to (i.e., the mute event of note C and note A) and mute event data of note C and A (each note number and each release velocity) in consecutive memory locations. The scale progress track S-Tr stores the progress of the scale name (with a fundamental note) of the song. The format is the event-to-event system, like the performance track.

FIG. 16 shows an example of the format of the scale advancing track S-Tr. The format is basically an event-to-event format. For example, the scale No. 18 with the fundamental tone of C continues for 4 beats, then the scale No. 2 of the fundamental tone with F is 2
0 continues for 4 beats, then the scale A. No. 23 with the fundamental tone comes, and so on. Further, since the scale progression of a piece of music is generally redundant, appropriate data compression is applied. For example, conditional destination data such as 160 and 161 specify the destination next to the scale progress conditionally (for example, the number of times of processing such as the first and second times). Although 163 means “to X3 for the third time (or later)” from the contents of 160 and 161, it is an unconditional destination instruction in terms of format. 164 and 165 are examples of unconditional return instructions. The progression of the piece of music may include a transposing process as shown at 166, and after transposing, the destination section may be transposed and played. Therefore, as shown at 167, a fundamental tone replacement instruction is inserted after the modulation process. After the next return command 165, the scale progress from X0 is processed by rereading the fundamental tone. An end mark 168 is attached to the end of the scale progress track.

The electronic keyboard musical instrument using the external ROM package 10 having such a format includes the package 1
It includes a song select function for selecting a song within 0, an automatic playing function for automatically playing (reproducing) the selected song, and a conditioning function for reading the scale progression of the song and conditioning the keyboard 2. Various programs for supporting these functions are stored in the ROM 50. The selection of music is performed through a music selection switch (switch shown in FIG. 13, included in the LED group 15) provided on the musical instrument panel. In response to the input of the song selection switch, the CPU 3 loads the performance data of the song from the external ROM package 10 into the RAM 4 (note that the data of the header and the key name / note name conversion table is automatically generated by the CPU 3 when the external ROM package 10 is mounted). It is designed to be loaded into RAM4). Then, the CPU 3 decodes and reproduces the performance data of the music piece. In parallel with the reproduction, the CPU 3 decodes the scale progress data, and conditions the keyboard according to the scale name each time the scale name is changed. It should be noted that an individual performance track on / off function may be provided so that the automatic performance by only the favorite performance track can be enjoyed.

For reference, FIG. 17 shows a reproduction (decoding) routine of the scale progress track. In this routine, when the time data becomes zero and the event time arrives (1
7-1) Identify the type of event (17-2). If it is an event of the fundamental note replacement instruction, the difference value (value to be added to the fundamental note data of the subsequent scale) is saved. If it is a scale update event, scale update processing 17-4 is performed. As shown in FIG. 18, in the scale update process, the new scale fundamental tone read from the scale progress track is replaced with the difference value (18-1), and the new scale scale data (the fundamental tone is C ) Is taken out (18-2), the fundamental tone of the scale data is adjusted to the fundamental tone read by the rotation process, and the result is set in the scale keyboard memory as keyboard scale data (18-3). The data set in the scale keyboard memory is used to convert the key name (pitch class) of the key pressed on the keyboard 2, as in the first embodiment.

If the event is a conditional destination instruction, it is tested whether or not the number of times condition is met, and if so, the number of times counter is incremented and the destination value included in the instruction is set in the reproduction pointer (17-5). When an unconditional destination / return instruction arrives, if it is an unconditional destination instruction, the counter is cleared and the destination value is set in the playback pointer, and if it is an unconditional destination instruction, the return value is set in the playback pointer while maintaining the number of counts. (17-6). When the end event (end mark) is read, the reproduction is ended (17-7). Each event process 17-3 to 17-6 is repeated for all simultaneous events (17-8). Next, the time data from the scale progression track to the next event is taken (17-9), normalized with the tempo (17-10), and the process returns. If the event time has not been reached (17
-1) decrements the time data (17-1
1) The arrival of the next event.

FIG. 19 shows the operation of the second embodiment. In this example, the musical performance of the piano, trumpet, guitar 1, guitar 2, bass, and drum is automatically performed by playing the music. During automatic performance, the scale progress is displayed on the scale display. Following the theme performance by each instrument, the piano ad lib is entered, and then the automatic performance enters the state of accompaniment only. Here, the player can practice the melody performance that looks good by relying on the scale progression conditioned on the keyboard 2 and the previous piano ad lib. Of course, in other places, the keyboard 2 is conditioned on the scale progression, and the accompaniment and melody are also automatically played, so that the performer can add a counter melody or obligard performance to it.

In the case of the second embodiment, it is not necessary to provide the electronic keyboard instrument with a music style designating function and a tonality determining function. This is because the external ROM package 10 stores information about the scale progress (the scale progress as used in the melody of the automatic performance) that matches the progress of the music.

Although some embodiments and modifications of the present invention applied to an electronic keyboard instrument have been described above, various other modifications are possible. It is easy to apply the present invention to an electronic musical instrument other than the electronic keyboard musical instrument, for example, an electronic guitar. In fact, the key name in the context of key name / note name conversion is a performance operator of any electronic musical instrument, or its related pitch detection module (sensor, circuit, processor)
A note name (octave and pitch class) in a standard 12-tone scale read by the control unit (CPU) of the electronic musical instrument via
That is. In the case of a string / fret position detection type electronic guitar, a normal pitch name is determined from the positions of the detected strings and frets. In the case of an electronic guitar that uses the pitch detection method of string vibration, the detected pitch can be divided into a normal pitch name (note name) and the amount of shift (pitch bend) from the pitch note (note that the normal pitch is used to play the pitch note in advance). (By performing the pitch measurement). Further, in the case of an electronic reed musical instrument, the normal pitch name (octave and pitch class) in the normal mode is specified by converting the combination of the operated finger positions by the fingering table. This pitch class component can be converted into scale note pitch class by key name / note name conversion according to the present invention.

[0037]

As described in detail above, according to the present invention, when a performer plays a melody of music, the scale (pitch class set) suitable for use in each section of music is used. Since the melody performance operation means is conditioned, there is an advantage that the melody performance (ad lib performance, etc.) by the player himself / herself becomes easy.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electronic keyboard instrument according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partial layout view of a front panel of the musical instrument.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of tonality analysis for input chord progression.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a melody keyboard conditioned by a scale.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a style code function / scale conversion table placed in a ROM.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a key name / pitch name conversion table placed in a ROM.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a method of converting C-scale data to other-scale data.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of an operation for a style designation input.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart of an operation for code input.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing an outline of a key / function determination program.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an outline of an accompaniment processing routine.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart of an operation for pressing a melody key.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram of an electronic keyboard instrument according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a memory format of an external ROM package used in the second embodiment.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a format of a performance data memory for one song.

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a format of a scale progress track.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing an outline of a reproduction routine of a scale advancing track.

FIG. 18 is a flowchart of a scale update process.

FIG. 19 is a time chart illustrating the operation of the second embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

2 keyboard (consisting of melody keyboard for inputting melody and accompaniment keyboard for inputting chord progression) 3 CPU 5 ROM (key / function determination program, style / chord function / scale conversion table, key name / note name conversion table, accompaniment pattern) 10) External ROM package S, S1, S2 song performance data memory SCT key name / note name conversion table S-Tr scale progression track (stores progression of song scale name)

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A chord progression assigning means for imparting chord progression, a tonality / function determination means for determining tonality and function of each chord by analyzing the tonality of the chord progression, and a tonality and function determined for each chord. A scale determining means for determining a scale suitable for, a display means for displaying the determined scale for playing a melody in each chord section, a melody playing operating means operated by a player for playing the melody, An electronic musical instrument, comprising: performance conditioning means for conditioning the melody performance operating means according to the determined scale. 2. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the melody playing operation means has a keyboard consisting of a plurality of melody keys, and the playing condition setting means individually assigns a key name of each melody key to each of the determined scales. And a key name / sound name converting means for converting a key name signal generated from a pressed melody key into a note name signal according to the scale assigning means. An electronic musical instrument characterized by. 3. A melody playing operation means operated by a player to play a melody, an automatic accompaniment means for automatically playing an accompaniment, and a musical background of the accompaniment during the automatic performance of the accompaniment. An electronic musical instrument comprising: a performance conditioning unit that conditions the melody performance operating unit by using the progression of a scale in accordance with the progression of keys and functions. 4. An automatic playing means for automatically playing a music piece, a melody playing operation means operated by a player for playing a melody to be added to the music piece, and a progress of the music piece during the automatic performance of the music piece. An electronic musical instrument characterized by having a performance conditioning means for conditioning the melody performance operating means by using the progression of the scale according to. 5. A chord progression input means operated by a performer to input a chord progression, and a key / function extracting means for performing tonality analysis of the input chord progression to extract the progression of keys and functions. Accompaniment means for automatically playing the accompaniment according to the extracted key and function progress, scale determination means for determining the scale progression according to the extracted key and function progress, and for inputting a melody while inputting the chord progression And a melody playing conditioner that conditions the melody input device according to a scale given by the scale deciding device in each chord section during input of the chord progression. An electronic musical instrument characterized by. 6. A music style designating device operated by a player to specify a music style, a chord progression inputting device operated by a performer to input a chord progression, and a chord progression to be inputted. Key / function extraction means for performing sex analysis to extract the progression of keys and functions, a specified music style, and accompaniment means for automatically playing an accompaniment according to the extracted key and function progress, specified music style, And scale determining means for determining the progress of the scale according to the extracted key and function progression, melody input means operated by the player to input a melody during the input of the chord progression, and input of the chord progression. A melody that conditions the melody input means according to the scale given by the scale determination means in each chord section. An electronic musical instrument comprising: performance conditioning means. 7. A pitch class set defining means for defining a pitch class set usable in each section of music, a melody playing operation means operated by a player for playing the melody of the music, and a melody of the music. An electronic musical instrument, comprising: performance condition conditioning means for conditioning the melody performance operating means by a pitch class set given from the pitch class setting means during performance.