JPH0527677A - Method and device for three-dimensional display of figure information - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To reduce the load on retrieval processing, etc., at the time of displaying house map information, etc. CONSTITUTION:An object base 112 regarding a relative object, a map data base 101 regarding figure elements of map data, and an attribute data base 102 regarding figure elements of the map data are stored and substantial object are derived from the object base in response to an inputted command. As a map data substantial object is executed among the derived substantial objects, map data is retrieved from the map data base and as an attribute substantial object is executed, attribute data is retrieved from the attribute data base. The map data is converted into three-dimensional display data according to predetermined height data and displayed.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for three-dimensionally displaying graphic information by using an object and a system therefor, and particularly for equipment inspection and city planning in companies such as public, construction and civil engineering. The present invention relates to an effective display method and a system therefor when a three-dimensional display of a building shape or the like is required in addition to the conventional two-dimensional map display in a business using map information as graphic information.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Recently, in the center of a large city, high-rise buildings and large-scale underground malls have been developed, and in order to grasp the display of houses and the store situation, in addition to the two-dimensional information such as conventional maps, Three-dimensional information such as the number of floors and the number of basements are becoming important. In such a situation, companies that focus on various fields such as public, construction, civil engineering, etc. may not be able to use the conventional two-dimensional map display for business such as facility inspection and city planning using maps. However, three-dimensional map display that considers the height of the building on the ground surface as well as the height has been required.

Further, in the display of houses in a large-scale underground mall or an area with many high-rise buildings or the display of stores in an underground mall, detailed information such as a store layout map in the underground mall and a tenant occupancy status map in a large building is two-dimensional. Required in addition to general map information,
Various search / display functions in map / drawing information systems that make effective use of that information have been demanded.

In response to such demands, a multimedia database has been conventionally used as shown in "Map Information Expert System GENTLE" by Shimada and Ejiri, 1985 Advanced Database Symposium Proceedings, pp93-101, Information Processing Society of Japan. In the map / drawing information processing system used, not only the contents of the database can be easily displayed as a map or image on the display device of the computer, but also the search results of various attribute information such as names and telephone numbers can be displayed in association with each other. In particular, in a system that handles detailed map information such as a residential map, attribute data such as the name of each household head of an apartment complex or the name of a company or corporation that forms a tenant of a high-rise building is converted into the corresponding building element on the map. In this case, the attribute data correspond to map elements in a one-to-one relationship, Only the representative name of the building, the name of the representative company, etc. are displayed, and the rest are not displayed or are output in a completely separate window as a simple list independent of the figure. , "Takeshi Sasada," Application of map information-for the formation of regional view, "Graphic Processing Information Center, 1984, Architectural C
In the field of AD, various three-dimensional bird's-eye view displays using design data have already been performed. For example, data on buildings, expressways, etc. is completely three-dimensionalized and stored in a database. This realizes the function of displaying these elements three-dimensionally from any direction. Therefore, even when displaying multi-story buildings or high-rise buildings on a map, after performing a three-dimensional bird's-eye view display, various attribute data having three-dimensional characteristics can be perfectly paired with a building or the like. 1
A method of displaying in correspondence with In addition, recently, in addition to a simple three-dimensional display using a wire frame, a technique of performing shading in consideration of a light source has been developed, and a display closer to reality can be realized.

[0005]

However, in the method shown in the above-mentioned prior art, the shape data is grasped as a complete three-dimensional (x, y, z) coordinate system like the construction / civil engineering CAD. The following four problems are possible.

As a first problem, in the case of a map information processing system, various attribute information is associated with graphic elements on a two-dimensional display of map data including a huge number of graphic elements such as roads and house frames. The load for displaying them is quite heavy.
Therefore, it is not very practical as a system aiming at a completely three-dimensional display such as an architectural CAD system. That is, it is assumed that the map / drawing information stored in the database uniformly stores coordinate data indicating the shapes of roads and buildings, symbols such as shrines / banks, and display text. Therefore, when an attribute is searched using a building / display text or the like as a search key, route search processing and search processing within a proximity range are required not only for two-dimensional coordinates but also for z coordinates in the height direction. It is expected that the time for executing the search process will be extremely long.

As a second problem, in order to obtain a complete three-dimensional detailed coordinate value of a building as defined by the architectural CAD system, in the case of a map, one house is surveyed and the detailed coordinate value is calculated. , And the investigation process becomes enormous. Therefore, it is almost impossible to completely construct the three-dimensional database.

As a third problem, like an underground mall,
When displaying map data having a wide three-dimensional spread, as shown in FIG. 21, the display of houses and tenants on each floor often interferes, making it difficult to see. Further, there is a problem that a detailed designation such as a process of designating a part of the display result with a mouse cannot be performed.

As a fourth problem, when various attributes are displayed on a three-dimensional display, it is expected that it will be more and more difficult to confirm the contents later.

An object of the present invention is to reduce the load for search processing or display, and to display graphic data such as a residential map.
It is to display three-dimensionally.

[0011]

In order to solve the above problems, in the map information system of the present invention, two-dimensional digitized map data, which is relatively easy to obtain using aerial photographs, and the like, Using the numerical values of each building floor that have been surveyed and made into a database as the dwelling attribute of, the absolute height of the building is estimated, and a pseudo three-dimensional bird's-eye view display is performed.

[0012]

According to the present invention, a three-dimensional bird's-eye view display can be viewed even on a wide range of maps under conditions of arbitrary viewpoint positions and angles. -The efficiency of various tasks using maps, such as city planning at civil engineering companies, will be dramatically improved.

[0013]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The graphic information system of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings, taking a map information system as an example.

First, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a map information system according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is roughly composed of an operation unit, a processing unit, a database unit, and a display unit. As an operation unit, a command input / interpretation unit 100 that receives a command from an operator and interprets the content thereof.
There is a drawing format creation unit 109 and CR as the display unit.
The display unit 110 such as T is configured. On the other hand, as a database unit, a map database 10 for storing various map elements corresponding to figures and texts on the display screen.
Attribute database 102 for storing the attribute data having three-dimensional characteristics of 1 and each individual residence {number of floors, residence number, householder name, telephone number, etc.} and map data, drawing data, attribute data, etc. There are three types of object bases 112 for storing relationship information between media in an object format, each of which is stored in a different file.

The processing unit is an object search execution unit 111,
The map data search unit 104, the attribute data search unit 105, the attribute data type conversion unit 107, the data format conversion unit 114, the height table 113, and the three-dimensional perspective coordinate conversion processing unit 115 are provided. The search execution unit 111 searches the related object for a physical object according to the interpretation result of the command input interpretation unit 100 and executes it. The map data search unit 104 searches the map data as the map data entity object is executed. Attribute data search unit 105
Retrieves the attribute data as the attribute data entity object is executed. The attribute data search unit 107 matches the display type of the attribute data with the display type of the map data.
Specifically, for example, the display position of the attribute data is matched with the map data. The data format conversion unit 114 converts the types of map data and attribute data. For example, in the case of three-dimensional display, the height table 113 is referred to obtain height data, and map data and attribute data are converted into three-dimensional data. When the bird's-eye view display is instructed, the data format conversion unit 114 determines the three-dimensional perspective coordinate conversion processing unit 11.
5 is started, and the coordinate system of the three-dimensional data is converted from the world coordinate system to the viewpoint coordinate system.

The height table 113 stores height data per floor that is predetermined for each type of graphic data as a display element of map data. Therefore, if the data format conversion unit 114 refers to the height table 113 according to the type of display element and the rank thereof, the height of the display element can be obtained.

In such a configuration, when an operator requests a three-dimensional bird's-eye view display of a map within a certain area, an outline of a processing flow from data retrieval to three-dimensional display will be shown. First, when the operator inputs a processing request for search or edit to the command input / interpretation unit 100, this is converted into a message to the object and this message is given to the search / execution unit 111. Here, when the message is given to the related objects existing in the object base 112 for each type of processing, the necessary number of messages are transferred to the actual objects by the procedure inside the related objects, and each actual object is searched for various types. The units (104, 105) are activated and the contents of each database (101, 102) are searched. First, the map data search unit 104 searches the map database 101 for map data of a corresponding area and converts it into display data. The attribute data search unit 105 searches the attribute database 102 for three-dimensional attribute data having a correspondence relationship with the searched map data, and the attribute data format conversion unit 107 searches for the data type corresponding to the already searched map data. Convert to format. The data format conversion unit 114 uses the height table 113 according to the display format of the data.
Further, the three-dimensional perspective coordinate conversion unit 115 converts the data type. Then, the screen style creation unit 109
Displays the format of the map data and the attribute data as the display data from the data format conversion unit 114 so as to fit the screen and displays it on the display device 110 such as a CRT. In this way, the map information system database has 3
The map data and the attribute data, which are stored separately in one data file (101, 102, 112), are associated with each other by the relational objects stored in the object base 112 and are indirectly extracted. Displayed using a processing procedure.

In addition to this series of processing, in order to execute the search processing of the map data attribute data, the contents stored in the map database 101 and the attribute database 102 are converted into the object format in the object base 112. Need to be transferred. Map database 101 and attribute database 102 required for three-dimensional display
The contents of are searched and extracted by the map database search unit 104 and the attribute database search unit 105, respectively, and converted into an object format by the data format conversion unit 114, and the object search execution unit 111
Is stored in the object base 112. This series of processing is performed at any time, and is processed at a timing different from the flow of the three-dimensional bird's-eye view display from the three-dimensional search request from the operator.

FIGS. 5 and 7 show the contents of these three types of databases (101, 102, 112) in association with the display targets of the maps / drawings displayed on the display section 110. . First, in the map database 101,
Road / house frame data necessary for displaying a normal two-dimensional map, text data for place names, etc. are stored. The object base 112 stores the entity objects that correspond to the contents of each database in a one-to-one correspondence, and the relational objects that describe their relations.

In the configuration and processing flow of such a system, the data structures of various databases will be described in order. First of all, the map database 101 is shown in FIG.
2 of the graphic part of (a) and the text part of (b) as shown in
There are different types, and the data storage format is a variable length sequential organization format. As the structure of the graphic part in FIG. 2A, a header describing the file size of the whole graphic part and the number of records is provided at the head of the file, and the number of coordinates constituting the graphic, the type of the graphic, and the like in each record. Line type to specify the color of the line when drawing, information that shows the status of the start and end points of the figure necessary to grasp the processing status when editing, and the X and Y coordinate values of the number of constituent points It consists of repetition. On the other hand, the structure of the text part in (b) is similar to the figure part. First, at the beginning of the file is a header that describes the file size of the entire text part and the number of records, and for each record, the number of constituent characters that make up the text Text type that determines the typeface of the displayed text, such as body and gothic type,
Box width, box height that gives the width of the circumscribed rectangle with respect to the size of each text character, inclination angle of each character in the circumscribed rectangle, rotation angle when rotating and displaying multiple character strings as text, text It is composed of a flag for controlling the direction for displaying vertically or horizontally, a reference point X-coordinate and a Y-coordinate for indicating a reference position for displaying each text, and repetition of record data of each text.

The structure of the second attribute database 102 is
It is composed of resident attribute data having three-dimensional characteristics, so that each resident can store and manage various attribute values.
For example, relational database management is performed. As the items of the relational database, as shown in FIG. 3, in the horizontal direction, {resident ID house number, floor number, household head name, ...}
Etc. are set, and attribute values for each resident are stored and managed in the vertical direction. As a result, it is possible to perform a conditional search for each attribute item, which is a feature of the relational database, and for example, a conditional search such as a search for a resident name living on the second floor with a 3DK residential structure is a standard search procedure language. SQL (Struct
It will be possible to search using the ured Query Language).

Before describing the structure of the third object base 112, the definition and characteristics of the object in this embodiment will be clarified first. In general, an object is a unit in which a definition of data and a procedure that can directly process the data are encapsulated and collected, and usually a unit described in an object-oriented language. In this object, the class that can describe the common concept hierarchically,
It is composed of the instance of each class definition and its concrete value. Then, a unique instance can be issued to the class as needed, and the instance group issued from this same class can inherit and share the variable definitions and procedures of the class in a hierarchical manner. For example, to describe an object using the object-oriented language Objective-C, = class name: superclass name (message group 1, group 2, ...) {instance variable declaration} + unary selector {factory method Definition} -Unary selector {instance method definition} + Selector 1: Formal argument 1, Selector 2: Formal argument 2, ...
.. {Definition of class method} -Selector 2: Formal argument 1, Selector 2: Formal argument 2, ...
.. Described in the form of {instance method definition}. In this description, the factory method is the definition of the concrete procedure for issuing an instance of each class, and in the case of Objective-C,
The procedure is described in C language. A selector is an identifier necessary for receiving a message for requesting each method, and a unary selector refers to one having only one identifier. From the viewpoint of multimedia description such as figures and images, such objects can be further classified into entity objects and related objects. First, the entity object is a description of a single type of media such as each figure or image itself, which is a set of a media data definition and a processing procedure dedicated to the media. On the other hand, a relational object is an object that makes a meaningful relation between a plurality of media such as a resident attribute and a dwelling house frame, and provides pointer information to the entity objects and procedures centered on issuing messages to each entity object. It is described as a set.

Therefore, first, the structure of the substantial object will be described using an example of description of the object from the viewpoint of performing a three-dimensional bird's-eye view display from designation of a house frame on a residential map.

FIG. 5 shows a figure entity object (PHL001) indicating a house frame and a text entity object (PL001).
The structure of HT001) is displayed in association with a residential map. As already shown in FIG. 2, the file (LRT001) that constitutes the graphic portion of the map data and the file (TRT001) that constitutes the text portion include
A graphic record and a text record corresponding to the individual house frame of each resident on a one-to-one basis are described, and address information for indicating the record position of the variable length table {ADL00
1, ADL002, ...}, {ADT001, ADT
002 ...}, the number of constituent points, and the number of texts are used to enable independent access. At this time, a file pointer Files = LRT001, a graphic address pointer Address = ADL003, and a physical variable X [N], Y are added to the graphic physical object (PHL001) of the house frame.
[N] is defined, and in the procedure section, a dedicated procedure Line Draw (N, X,
Y) is described. On the other hand, for the text entity object (PHT001) of the house frame, the file pointer Fi
les = TRT001 and text address pointer Addre
ss = ADT002 and the actual variable SL [M] are defined, and the procedure section describes a dedicated procedure Text Draw (N, SL) for displaying this text string. Therefore, by simply giving a message DRAW requesting display to these substance objects, the procedure Line Draw (N, X,
Y) and TexDraw (N, SL) are activated and displayed on the display unit 110.

FIG. 6 shows an example of a three-dimensional bird's-eye view of an apartment house AB in the map data shown in FIG. In response to the command of bird's-eye view display in the map data entity or object, the height table 113 is referred to according to the floor number data of the apartment house AB in the attribute data, and the reference height data is obtained and multiplied by the floor number to obtain the reference number of the apartment house AB. Find the height. Next, the three-dimensional perspective coordinate conversion processing unit 1 converts the three-dimensional map data and the attribute data.
Then, the conversion process is carried out. The result is displayed on the display unit 110 via the screen style creating unit 109.

The attribute data, for example, the display / position of the text data "AB Mansion" is changed from the position shown in FIG. 5 to the position shown in FIG. 6 by the attribute data format conversion unit 107 in accordance with the three-dimensionalization of the map data. The position is changed.

FIG. 4 shows the structure of an entity object (AT001) having a resident attribute. As already shown in FIG. 3, this resident attribute database shows a relational structure in which attribute items are arranged in the horizontal direction and individual data is arranged in the vertical direction. Configure the object to allow access. First of all, as the configuration contents, the pointer information is set and the file pointer is set to Fi.
les = RDB001, Keys = KEX is described as a pointer for indicating the record position, and the procedure section describes a record-based search procedure in the relational database search language SQL. Therefore, when searching only one record for a resident attribute whose resident ID is KEX, K is added to this attribute entity object.
Search request message GE with EX parameter specification
By sending T, the search procedure inside the object is activated and the requested attribute value is obtained.

The structure of the physical object closely attached to each medium has been described above.
Related objects are also stored in 2. As already mentioned, the relational object is an object that makes a meaningful relation between a plurality of media such as a three-dimensional grasp of residents in the housing complex. It is described as a set of pointer information for attaching and procedures centered on message transfer to each entity object. In addition, in order to simplify the structure of a more abstract relational object in the latter stage, there is also such a relational object that intermediately groups media entity objects of the same type. For example, FIG. 7 associates the graphic entity (PHL001) and the text entity (PHT001) of the dwelling house frame shown in FIG.
1 shows the structure of 1). In order to perform the house frame display procedure Line Draw and the house name display procedure Text Draw necessary for displaying the house, for example, by displaying the related object (PH001) by creating the related object (PH001) indicating this house. Simply by giving the requested message DRAW, the message given to the procedure section inside the relational object is transferred to the entity object by the inter-object message transfer function, and the procedure of each entity object is activated. This further simplifies the structure of the relational object H0001 indicating the housing complex in the subsequent stage.

Further, as shown in FIG. 12, a substantial object group {PHS10 corresponding to the floor plan of each house in the housing complex.
, PHS102 ...} And the individual attribute entity object group {AT001, AT002, ...} Related object group {PHA101, PHA10
2, ...}, and related objects L that group related objects on the same floor in the apartment house
Create PH001. This also further simplifies the structure of the related object H0001 in the subsequent stage.

Finally, a relational object H0001 for summarizing media that is meaningful as an apartment house is created. The structure of this relation object H0001 is
For example, a substantial object group {P corresponding to each medium
HS101, PHS102, ...}, {AT001,
AT002, ...}, {PHL001, PHT001
...} and a relational object group {PHA101, PHA102,
...}, {LPH001, LPH002, ...},
In addition to associating {PH001, PH002, ...} With each other, the procedure section describes a message transfer procedure to each entity object. Accordingly, in order to display the map data of the housing complex, the display request message DRAW need only be attached to the selectors Line Draw and Text Draw and given to the relational object H0001.

Next, using each object of the map / attribute described so far, a region required for three-dimensional display is set from the two-dimensional display screen of the map, and only the map elements included in the region are set to three. A method of performing the three-dimensional perspective transformation and displaying the bird's-eye view from an arbitrary direction will be described. First, FIG. 8 shows an example of a screen in which a necessary portion is three-dimensionally bird-eye-view displayed from the conventional two-dimensional map display on the display unit 110. First, it is determined that the operator selects a menu for three-dimensional display from the menu list by designating with a mouse, for example.
Object search execution unit 111
In this way, the related object for three-dimensional display is selected from the object base 112. Then, as shown in FIG. 8, a window w surrounded by a double line by the operator
The square area of in1 is specified, and the command input interpretation unit 1
00 is input. As a result, a graphic element for three-dimensional display is presented. A display area on the display unit 110,
Since the reference coordinates of the display area are already known, the specified area and the graphic element within the specified area can be specified. The object name for the specified graphic element is set in the definition section of the object selected by the object search execution section 111. In FIG. 8, the target of three-dimensional display is a rectangular area surrounded by double lines of Win1 in the figure, which is designated by a normal operator's mouse operation or the like and input to the command input analysis unit 100. While searching the map database 101 for map data such as the outer frame and name of the building included in this area, the contents of the attribute database of the corresponding building are searched to obtain the type and floor number of the building. The absolute height of the display target building is obtained by taking the product of the number of building floors and the average height per floor corresponding to the building type obtained from the height table 113, and complete three-dimensional coordinate data regarding the building is obtained. obtain. The specified value and the like are set in the object selected as the parameter. After that, the command DRAW is changed to the command input interpretation unit 100.
From the object search execution unit 111. In response to the command DRAW, the selected relational object is activated, and the command written in the procedure section propagates from the selected relational object to the map data actual object and the attribute data actual object through the relational object. To do. After the perspective transformation processing of the building three-dimensional coordinate data under this condition, the result is displayed on the three-dimensional bird's-eye view display window (Win2). Then, by changing the values of these perspective transformation parameters, it becomes possible to re-display the bird's-eye view from any direction, and it is possible to display effectively in simulations such as city planning. However,
It is also possible to omit the method of designating the area to be the target of the three-dimensional display as shown in FIG. 8 and suddenly perform the three-dimensional perspective conversion on the map of the entire screen and perform the bird's-eye view display. In the present embodiment, consideration is given to emphasizing a process of temporarily displaying only a necessary part in a three-dimensional manner from a normal display element of a two-dimensional coordinate system. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 8, it is not always necessary to arrange the two-dimensional display screen and the three-dimensional bird's-eye view display screen on the display unit 110 at the same time, which is general.

The above three-dimensional display procedure is described in a flow chart (PAD format) as shown in FIG. The contents of each process will be described below in the order of steps of FIG.
First, in step 801, the entire map to be processed is read from the database 101 by the map data search unit 104, and is two-dimensionally displayed on the window Win1 on the display unit 110 via the data format conversion unit 114 and the screen format creation unit 109. Is displayed in. This data is the residential map itself stored in the map database 101. In step 802, an area that is a target of three-dimensional display is designated in the residential map displayed on Win1. The area designation is set by the operator through an instruction device such as a mouse through an operation on Win1, and the area is supplied from the command input analysis unit 100 to the object search execution unit 111. In step 803, it is determined from the graphic data such as the building frame of the map stored in the object base 112 whether or not each polygon vector is included in the designated area, and the graphic entity object and the text entity object are determined according to the determination result. And are extracted from the object base 112. Regarding the attributes such as the type of building and the number of floors, the attribute object related to the extracted object is referred to by the attribute data search unit 105 and supplied to the data format conversion unit 114. Data format conversion unit 114
Finds the maximum value among the number of floor attributes associated with the same building. In step 804, the data format conversion unit 114 refers to the height table 113 and prestores the floor per type of building to obtain the average height. Further, in order to obtain the absolute height of the building that is the target of three-dimensional display, the absolute maximum height of the building is approximately calculated by taking the product of the maximum floor number of the building obtained up to step 803 and the average height value. presume. In this way, a more accurate estimated value of the absolute height can be obtained by setting the previously stored average height per floor and the type of building such as a warehouse or office building. In step 805, three-dimensional perspective coordinates The conversion processing unit 112 converts the data structure of the display element included in the designated area. That is, the map data extracted in the steps up to this point is in the two-dimensional entity object format as shown in FIG. 5, and this step is converted into the three-dimensional entity object format shown in FIG. As the processing, in this embodiment, simply prepare three-dimensional objects in the format of FIG. 6 by the number of the extracted objects, copy the corresponding parts as they are, and obtain the z coordinate in the previous step. Substitute the estimated absolute building height. On Win2 that performs three-dimensional display, a process for obtaining a bird's-eye view two-dimensional coordinate system is performed by the perspective transformation process of the map element that is the three-dimensional display target. In step 806, the command input analysis unit 100 sets. The details of this three-dimensional perspective conversion process will be considered with a model having three coordinate systems as shown in FIG.

First, in FIG. 10, a three-dimensional figure group to be perspective-transformed is represented by WC: [XW-
[YW-ZW], and the viewpoint coordinate system V
C: Corresponds to performing conversion processing on [XV-YV-ZV]. First, as a precondition in FIG.
It is assumed that the viewpoint position on the viewpoint coordinate system VC is at the position (0VX, 0VY, 0VZ) on the world coordinate system WC, and that the direction cosine (HX, HY, HZ) is used to view a three-dimensional diagram system group from this viewpoint. Considering the line-of-sight vector, this line-of-sight vector makes an angle of α degrees with the [XV-ZV] plane in the viewpoint coordinate system VC, and this line-of-sight vector is [YV-ZV].
Let us make an angle of β degrees with the plane. That is, the relationship between the direction cosine and α, β is

[0034]

[Equation 1]

[0035] At this time, in order to perform the perspective transformation, the following four transformation matrices are obtained, and the transformation processing is sequentially added.

(1) A parallel movement conversion TD for matching the viewpoint position with the origin of VC is performed.

(2) Coordinate axis rotation conversion RX is performed to rotate by α degrees around the XV axis so that the XV-ZV plane of the viewpoint coordinate system VC includes the viewpoint vector.

(3) A coordinate axis rotation conversion RY is performed around the YV axis so that the ZV axis is rotated by β degrees so as to be parallel to the viewpoint vector.

(4) Coordinate axis rotation conversion RZ for converting the ZV axis in the opposite direction is performed.

The contents of the conversion matrix used for each of the above conversions TD, RX, RY, RZ are as follows.

[0041]

[Equation 2]

Next, another expression type of the object will be described.

FIG. 11 illustrates the structures of the graphic entity object class (PHL) and the text entity object class (PHT) indicating the house frame, in association with the map database 101. The file LRT0 that constitutes the graphic part of the map data already shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B.
01, and a file TRT001 that constitutes the text part
Describes a graphic record and a text record corresponding to the individual house frame of each resident on a one-to-one basis. The graphic entity object PHL of the house frame and the text entity object PHT indicating the house name are respectively described. Corresponding contents are stored. Definition of the object PHL
In the part, the number of constituent points of the graphic part shown in FIG.
The start point, bending point, and end point coordinates respectively correspond to * xydata, and the Methods section describes the procedure dispPolyLine for displaying these graphic data. On the other hand, in the Definition section of the object PHT,
The reference point coordinates of the text part shown in (b) are textX and textY.
The text record data corresponds to * moji etc., and the Methods section describes the procedure dispText for displaying these text data. Therefore, only by giving a message disp for requesting display to these substance objects, the procedures dispPolyLine and dispText dedicated to the graphics / text inside each substance object are activated, and the map data is displayed on the display unit 110. Furthermore, there are also three-dimensional corresponding physical objects PH3L and PH3T for performing a three-dimensional bird's-eye view display corresponding to these objects PHL and PHT. The structure of the class objects PH3L and PH3T is almost the same as that of the two-dimensional objects PHL and PHT. In the object PH3L, the z coordinate value increases in the point data of the world coordinate system, and the display procedure corresponds to the three-dimensional dispPolyLine.
3, the object PH3T has an increased Z coordinate value in the reference coordinates for character display, and the display procedure changes to dispText3 corresponding to three dimensions.

By the above three-dimensional map display method, CA
Even if you do not give complete 3D data like D drawing,
Since it is possible to perform an approximate three-dimensional bird's-eye view display on an arbitrary projection plane from an arbitrary viewpoint vector direction by using the existing two-dimensional house map data and its basic attribute data, it has been digitized. The application range of 2D residential map,
The effect is that it can be expanded to fields such as three-dimensional simulation in fields such as architecture and civil engineering.

[0045]

[Effects of the Invention] With the above-described three-dimensional display method of a residential map, existing two-dimensional residential map data and its basic attribute data can be used without giving complete three-dimensional data as in a CAD drawing. Since it is possible to perform an approximate 3D bird's-eye view display from an arbitrary viewpoint vector direction to an arbitrary projection plane, the application range of the digitized 2D residential map can be expanded to 3D in the fields of architecture and civil engineering. The effect is that it can be expanded to fields such as simulation.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of a map information system according to the present invention,

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a storage format of drawing data and text data,

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of an attribute database,

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a relationship between an attribute entity object and attribute data,

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a relationship between a graphic entity object, a text entity object corresponding to a building, and a two-dimensional display of a map;

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a relationship between a three-dimensional display of a map, a graphic substance object, and a text substance object;

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a relationship between a figure entity object, a text entity object, and a relationship object;

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a three-dimensional bird's-eye view display in a window of the display unit,

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an algorithm flow of a three-dimensional bird's-eye view display,

FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining coordinate conversion from the world coordinate system to the viewpoint coordinate system;

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing another representation format of the entity object shown in FIG. 5;

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a hierarchical structure composed of entity objects and relational objects.

[Explanation of symbols]

100 ... Command input analysis unit, 101 ... Map database, 102 ... Attribute database, 104 ... Map data search section, 105 ... Attribute data search unit, 107 ... Attribute data format conversion unit, 109 ... Screen style creation section, 110 ... Display, 111 ... Object search / execution unit, 112 ... Object-based, 113 ... Height table, 114 ... Data format conversion unit, 115 ... Three-dimensional perspective coordinate conversion processing unit.

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Tsutomu Ikeda             3-2-2 Saiwaicho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture             Within Hitachi Engineering Services

Claims (36)

[Claims] 1. Responsive to an input command, a relational object is searched from an object base, and a substance object is searched from an object base in response to a relational object search. The entity object retrieves map data from the map database,
The attribute data entity object among the retrieved entity objects is a graphic information characterized by retrieving the attribute data from the attribute database and displaying the map data and a part of the attribute data on the display unit according to the display format of the map data. 3D display method. 2. The step of retrieving the substantive object retrieves the substantive object according to the definition of the definition section of the retrieved relational object, and in response to the retrieval of the substantive object, a command input to the retrieved substantive object. 3. The three-dimensional display method of graphic information according to claim 1, wherein the command corresponding to is output. 3. The displaying step comprises converting a display format of a part of the retrieved attribute data into a display format of the retrieved map data, and the map data and a part of the converted attribute data. The three-dimensional display method for graphic information according to claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional display is performed on a display unit. 4. The converting step comprises pre-storing height data predetermined for each attribute of the elements of the map data in the form of a table, and according to the attribute as part of the attribute data, The three-dimensional display method of graphic information according to claim 3, wherein height data is obtained by referring to a table, and the map data is converted into three-dimensional map data according to the obtained height data. 5. Display means for displaying input data, graphic database storage means for storing a graphic database relating to graphic data, and association for storing a related database relating to data associated with each graphic data. The data storing means, the executing means for executing the processing of the physical object by searching the physical objects from the related objects in response to the input command, and the graphic data database according to the graphic data physical object of the searched physical objects. Graphic data searching means for searching graphic data from the related data, related data searching means for searching related data from the related database according to the related data physical object among the searched physical objects, and related graphic data searched Data 3 Three-dimensional display device of the graphical information, characterized in that converting the source display data comprising a conversion means for outputting to said display means. 6. The executing means, when the relational objects are hierarchized, object base storing means for storing an object base for storing the hierarchized relational objects, and in response to an input command. , A means for retrieving the first relational object from the object base and activating the first relational object, and until all entity objects related to the entered command are retrieved, from the first relational object 6. The three-dimensional display device for graphic information according to claim 5, further comprising repetitive search means for sequentially searching the next related object and activating the searched next related object. 7. The related data for converting the searched related data into the display related data so that the display form of the searched related data is related to the display form of the searched graphic data. 6. The three-dimensional display device for graphic information according to claim 5, further comprising: a converting means; and a display data generating means for converting the graphic data and the display-related data into three-dimensional display data and outputting the data to the display means. 8. The display data generating means converts a coordinate system of graphic data and display-related data into a viewpoint coordinate system, and generates three-dimensional display data for bird's-eye view display from the graphic data and display-related data. The three-dimensional display device for graphic information according to claim 7, further comprising a generation unit. 9. Display means for displaying input display data, object base storage means for storing an object base relating to related objects, and map database storage for storing a map database relating to graphic elements of map data. Means and an attribute database storage means for storing an attribute database relating to attribute data related to graphic elements of the map data, and in response to the entered command, retrieves the top relation object from the object base and refers to the object base. And a search execution means for executing each of the derived entity objects, and a map data from the map database according to the execution of the map data entity object among the derived entity objects. To retrieve attribute data from the attribute database according to the execution of the attribute data entity object of the derived entity object, and map data and attribute data to display data And a conversion means for outputting the converted display data to the display means. 10. The search executing means refers to the object base in response to an input command when the relational objects are hierarchized in the object base, and from the top relational object,
10. The graphic according to claim 9, further comprising means for sequentially searching for related objects in the object base according to the definition in each related object until all the physical objects corresponding to the input command are searched. Three-dimensional information display device. 11. The converting means converts the derived attribute data into display attribute data such that the display format of the derived attribute data matches the display format of the derived map data. 10. The three-dimensional display device for graphic information according to claim 9, further comprising data conversion means for converting the created map data and display attribute data into three-dimensional display data. 12. The data conversion means stores a table for pre-storing height data predetermined for the attribute of each graphic element of the map data, and the height according to the attribute data with reference to the table. 12. The graphic information according to claim 11, further comprising: three-dimensional conversion means for acquiring data and converting the map data into three-dimensional map data according to the obtained height data.
Dimensional display device. 13. The data conversion means includes means for converting the coordinate system of the three-dimensional display data into a viewpoint coordinate system and converting the three-dimensional display data into bird's-eye view three-dimensional display data. Item 3. A three-dimensional display device for graphic information according to item 12. 14. In response to a display command, tracing a substantive object from a relational object, executing a traversed substantive object, and executing a graphic data substantive object among the traversed substantive objects in a graphic database. Figure data is retrieved from the figure data, and the figure data is stored in the figure database. The data is stored in a related database, the searched graphic data and the related data are converted into three-dimensional display data, and the display data is displayed on a display unit. 15. The traversing step includes: when a relational object is hierarchized, retrieves a head relational object from an object base in response to a display command; and the hierarchized relational object is stored in the object base. 15. The three-dimensional display method of graphic information according to claim 14, wherein the next relational object is sequentially searched from the top relational object until all the physical objects related to the display command are retrieved. 16. The converting step converts the searched related data into display related data so that the display format of the searched related data is related to the display format of the searched graphic data. 15. The 3D graphic information according to claim 14, wherein 3D display data is generated from the graphic data and the display-related data.
Dimension display method. 17. The graphic according to claim 16, wherein the converting step means converts the coordinate system of the three-dimensional display data into a viewpoint coordinate system to generate three-dimensional display data for bird's-eye view display. 3D information display method. 18. Storage means for storing a plurality of hierarchized databases, display means for displaying data, and retrieval of data from the first layer database in response to an input command. Then, the next data is sequentially searched according to the data searched toward the database of the last layer, and when the desired data is searched, it comprises a search means for outputting the desired data to the display means. A three-dimensional display device for characteristic graphic information. 19. The searching means, when the desired data is two-dimensional, determines the two-dimensional data according to the height data predetermined for each attribute of the data element and the attribute of the desired data element. 19. The three-dimensional display device for graphic information according to claim 18, further comprising conversion means for converting desired data into three-dimensional desired data. 20. The conversion means has means for converting a coordinate system of desired data into a viewpoint coordinate system so that three-dimensional desired data can be displayed in a bird's-eye view. A three-dimensional display device for the described graphic information. 21. An interpreting means for interpreting an input instruction, a storing means for storing a tree-structured object hierarchy, and an instruction corresponding to the instruction according to the interpretation result of the interpreting means, the tree-structured object. Graphic means for propagating in the hierarchy to obtain graphic data and related data related to each element of the graphic data, and the vertex of the tree-structured object hierarchy is a relational object, and the end of the tree-structured object hierarchy. Is a substance object, a relational object defines a relational object or a substance object, a substance object defines data and a processing method of the data, and conversion for converting the obtained graphic data and related data into display data. 3D of graphic information, characterized by comprising means and display means for displaying display data. Display devices. 22. A map database means for storing map data of a two-dimensional coordinate system, a means for storing data indicating the type of building and the number of floors shown as elements in the map data, and a type of building. A means for estimating the data indicating the absolute height of the building from the data indicating the number of floors, a conversion means for perspectively transforming the data of the building represented by the absolute height data, and the converted building data in three dimensions. A three-dimensional display device for graphic information, characterized in that it comprises a display means for physically displaying. 23. The estimating means obtains a predetermined average height of a building per floor by means of a table means for storing data showing the average height of each building according to the type of the building, and the average height data of the building according to the type of the building. 23. The three-dimensional display device for graphic information according to claim 22, further comprising means for obtaining from the table means and means for estimating absolute building height data from average height data and building floor number data. 24. The converting means further comprises means for perspectively converting the map data, and the display means displays the further converted map data and superimposes the displayed map data on the building data. 3. A means for displaying in three dimensions is provided.
A three-dimensional display device for the graphic information described in 2. 25. The display means displays the map data of the two-dimensional coordinate system in the first window, and the building is within the range specified in the first window,
23. The three-dimensional display device for graphic information according to claim 22, further comprising means for three-dimensionally displaying the building data in the second window. 26. The display means displays, in the first window, a first marker indicating the designated range and a second marker indicating the viewing direction of the three-dimensional display and the projection surface of the perspective conversion destination. 26. The graphic information according to claim 25, further comprising means for synchronizing and displaying the first marker, the second marker and the building data according to the data of the specified perspective transformation parameter. Three-dimensional display device. 27. Providing map data in a two-dimensional coordinate system to a map database, holding data indicating the number of floors of a building shown as an element in the map data, and building data from the data indicating the number of floors of the building Estimating the absolute height data of the building, perspectively transforming the building data represented by the absolute height data, and displaying the transformed building data three-dimensionally on a display device. 3D display method of figure information. 28. The estimating step includes retaining data indicating a predetermined average height of a building per floor, and estimating absolute building height data from the average height data and the building floor number data. 28. The three-dimensional display method of graphic information according to claim 27. 29. The converting step performs perspective conversion of map data, and the displaying step displays the converted map data,
28. The three-dimensional display method of graphic information according to claim 27, wherein the building data is three-dimensionally displayed by being superimposed on the displayed map data. 30. In the displaying step, the map data of the two-dimensional coordinate system is displayed in the first window, and the building is within the range specified in the first window, and in the second window. 28. The method for three-dimensionally displaying graphic information according to claim 27, wherein the building data is three-dimensionally displayed on the screen. 31. The displaying step displays, in the first window, a first marker indicating a designated range and a second marker indicating a viewing direction of three-dimensional display and a projection surface of a perspective transformation destination. 31. The three-dimensional display of graphic information according to claim 30, characterized in that the first marker, the second marker, and the building data are synchronized and displayed in a follow-up manner in accordance with the data of the specified perspective transformation parameter. Method. 32. A map database means for storing map data in a two-dimensional coordinate system, a means for storing data indicating the number of floors of a building shown as an element in the map data, and data indicating the number of floors of the building. Means for estimating the data indicating the absolute height of the building from the data, conversion means for perspectively converting the data of the building represented by the absolute height data, and displaying the converted building data three-dimensionally A three-dimensional display device for graphic information, comprising: 33. The estimating means estimates the absolute height data of the building from a means for storing data indicating a predetermined average height of the building per one floor, and the average height data and the building floor number data. 33. The three-dimensional display device for graphic information according to claim 32, further comprising means for performing. 34. The converting means includes means for perspectively converting map data, and the display means displays the converted map data and superimposes the displayed map data on the building data in a three-dimensional manner. 33. Means for displaying on
A three-dimensional display device for the described graphic information. 35. The display means displays the map data of the two-dimensional coordinate system in the first window, the building is within the range specified in the first window, and the building is in the second window. 33. The three-dimensional display device for graphic information according to claim 32, further comprising means for displaying data three-dimensionally. 36. The display means displays, in the first window, a first marker indicating the designated range and a second marker indicating the viewing direction of the three-dimensional display and the projection surface of the perspective conversion destination. 36. The graphic information according to claim 35, further comprising means for synchronizing and displaying the first marker, the second marker and the building data in accordance with the data of the specified perspective transformation parameter. Three-dimensional display device.