JPH05272782A - Air-conditioning machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide an air-conditioning machine, capable of recovering a heat loss accompanied by ventilation, miniaturization and the cost reduction, by a method wherein heat exchanging ventilation between feeding air and discharging air is effected through the refrigerating cycle of the air-conditioning machine, in the unit type air-conditioning machine equipped with a ventilating mechanism capable of feeding and discharging air simultaneously. CONSTITUTION:A refrigerating cycle is constituted of a compressor 1, an indoor heat exchanger 3, an outdoor heat exchanger 5, an expansion valve 4, a four-way valve 2 and pipelines for connecting these equipments and circulating refrigerant therethrough while an indoor side ventilating mechanism for ventilating indoor air into the indoor heat exchanger 3 and an outdoor side ventilating mechanism for ventilating outdoor air into the outdoor heat exchanger 5 are integrated in this air-conditioning machine. In this case, discharging air from the inside of a room passes from an air discharging side ventilating passage 11 through the outdoor heat exchanger 5 and, thereafter, is discharged to the outside of the room while feeding air from the outside of the room passes from an air feeding side ventilating passage 13 through the indoor heat exchanger 3 and, thereafter, is supplied into the room. Air feeding and air discharging are effected simultaneously to effect the ventilation while heat exchange is effected when the feeding air and the discharging air are passing through respective heat exchangers.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an air conditioner having a ventilation function, and more particularly to an air conditioner having a ventilation function capable of recovering heat.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, in order to improve comfort and energy saving of a house, the heat insulation and the airtightness of the house have been advanced.
However, on the other hand, the harmful effects of promoting airtightness have been highlighted. The adverse effect is that the air quality in the room deteriorates because the natural ventilation amount decreases. The air quality is the quality of air and indicates the cleanliness of the air.
For example, when the proportion of pollutants such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, dust, pets and cigarette odor contained in the air is high, the air quality is poor. When the amount is low, the air quality is said to be good.
In addition, since the natural ventilation decreases, the indoor humidity rises due to exhalation from the human body, perspiration, cooking, laundry, etc., and as a result, water vapor condenses on the walls and windows facing the outside, causing mold and mildew. It is a phenomenon such as damage by ticks.

The easiest way to solve these problems is to provide a ventilation fan to ventilate. Also, FIG.
Also, an indoor / outdoor integrated air conditioner having a ventilation function as shown in FIG. 6 has been proposed. FIG. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a conventional air conditioner with a ventilation function during non-ventilation (cooling / heating) operation. The air conditioner 30 includes a compressor 31, a four-way valve 32, an indoor heat exchanger 33, an expansion valve 34, Outdoor heat exchanger 35, piping 3
6, indoor side blower 37, outdoor side blower 38, indoor side condensed water receiving tray 39, outdoor side condensed water receiving tray 40, exhaust side damper 4
1. The damper 42 on the air supply side. The refrigerant during heating flows as indicated by the solid arrow. The indoor heat exchanger 33 is
It acts as a condenser, and the outdoor heat exchanger 35 acts as an evaporator. The indoor air is sucked by the indoor blower 37 and passes through the indoor heat exchanger 33. At this time, the indoor air exchanges heat with the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant flowing inside the indoor heat exchanger 33 to raise the temperature, and is blown out into the room for heating. On the other hand, the outdoor air is sucked by the outdoor blower 38 and passes through the outdoor heat exchanger 35. At this time, the outdoor air heats the low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant flowing inside the outdoor heat exchanger,
It is discharged outdoors. Then, the refrigerant during cooling flows as indicated by the broken line arrow. The indoor heat exchanger 33 acts as an evaporator, and the outdoor heat exchanger 35 acts as a condenser. The indoor air sucked by the indoor blower 37 passes through the indoor heat exchanger 33. At this time, the indoor air exchanges heat with the low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant flowing inside the indoor heat exchanger 33 to be cooled and blown out into the room for cooling. Further, the outdoor air sucked by the outdoor blower 38 is used as the outdoor heat exchanger 3
Go through 5. At this time, the outdoor air exchanges heat with the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant flowing inside the outdoor heat exchanger to raise the temperature and is discharged to the outside.

FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional view of the conventional air conditioner with a ventilation function during a ventilation (non-cooling / heating) operation. In this case, the compressor 31 is not operating and the refrigerant is not circulating. Then, as shown in FIG. 6, the exhaust side damper 41 and the air supply side damper 42 are moved to open the exhaust opening 43 and the air supply opening 44. At this time, the outdoor air is sucked by the indoor blower 37 from the air supply opening 44 and blown out into the room as air supply. The amount of air sucked from the room to the indoor blower 37 through the indoor heat exchanger 33 is smaller than the amount of air sucked from the outside due to the ventilation resistance of the indoor heat exchanger 33. Air is sufficiently supplied by the blower 37. On the other hand, the dirty air in the room is sucked by the outdoor blower 38 from the exhaust opening 43 and is discharged to the outside as exhaust air. It should be noted that the amount of air that passes through the outdoor heat exchanger 35 from the outside and is sucked into the outdoor blower 38 is smaller than the amount of air that is sucked from the inside due to the ventilation resistance of the outdoor heat exchanger 35. The outside blower 38 sufficiently exhausts air.

Further, a method of providing a heat exchange type ventilation fan capable of heat exchange as shown in FIG. 7 has been proposed in addition to the cooling and heating equipment. FIG. 7A is an external perspective view of a plate fin type heat exchange type ventilation device, and FIG. 7B is an external perspective view of a rotary type heat exchange type ventilation device. The heat exchange type ventilator is
The heat exchange is performed between the exhaust air from the room to the outside and the air supply from the room to the room to reduce the cooling and heating load by ventilation. Both types of FIGS. 7A and 7B require a heat exchanger and a supply / exhaust fan dedicated to heat exchange ventilation.

[0006]

However, if an ordinary ventilation fan or an air conditioner not equipped with a heat exchange device as described above is operated, the cooling and heating load increases and the indoor temperature distribution becomes non-uniform. However, there was a problem that the effect of high heat insulation and high airtightness was halved. Also, in terms of the aesthetics of the house,
Due to the problem of installation space for air conditioners, built-in type air conditioners have become popular. In particular, the heat pump air conditioner is suitable as a housing-integrated air conditioner because of its economical efficiency and safety, and is usually required to be compact because it is used by being installed in a bay window unit, a wall, or under a window. However, when the heat exchange type ventilation device as described above is incorporated, the size becomes large and there is a problem in that it cannot be incorporated in a bay window unit, a wall, or under a window. The present invention has been made in order to solve such a problem, a heat exchange is possible and a compact ventilation function is integrally configured with an air conditioner, and an increase in cooling and heating load due to ventilation is reduced, An object of the present invention is to provide an inexpensive air conditioner by improving comfort and energy saving and minimizing the number of constituent elements.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention comprises a compressor, an indoor heat exchanger, an outdoor heat exchanger, an expansion valve, and a pipe line for connecting them to circulate a refrigerant. In an air conditioner having a configured refrigeration cycle, indoor air is exhausted to the outside after passing through the outdoor heat exchanger, and outdoor air is supplied to the room after passing through the indoor heat exchanger. It is characterized by having a ventilation mechanism configured as described above.

[0008]

In the above structure, in addition to the normal operation of the heat pump air conditioner during the ventilation heating operation, when the high temperature exhaust gas flowing from the room to the outdoors passes through the outdoor heat exchanger, the low temperature refrigerant flowing through the outdoor heat exchanger is used. On the other hand, when low-temperature outside air entering the room from the outside passes through the indoor heat exchanger, the outside air absorbs heat from the high-temperature refrigerant flowing through the indoor heat exchanger and circulates in the refrigeration cycle. Heat is transferred from the exhaust air to the air supply via the. That is, heat exchange ventilation is performed. Also, during ventilation cooling operation, in addition to the normal operation of the heat pump air conditioner, when hot and humid outdoor air flowing from the outdoor to the indoor passes through the indoor heat exchanger, the outdoor air becomes a low-temperature refrigerant flowing through the indoor heat exchanger. After being absorbed heat, cooled, and dehumidified, it flows into the room, while low-temperature exhaust gas that flows from the room to the outside passes through the outdoor heat exchanger, that is, cooling of the high-temperature refrigerant that flows through the outdoor heat exchanger, that is, Heat is released from the high temperature refrigerant to the low temperature and low humidity exhaust gas. That is, heat is transferred from the supply air to the exhaust air through the refrigerant circulating in the refrigeration cycle, and heat exchange ventilation is performed.

[0009]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings showing the embodiments thereof. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a first embodiment of an air conditioner of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a pressure-enthalpy diagram of a refrigeration cycle during heating by the air conditioner. In FIG. 1, the air conditioner includes a compressor 1, a four-way valve 2, an indoor heat exchanger 3, an expansion valve 4, an outdoor heat exchanger 5, a pipe 6, an indoor blower 7, an outdoor blower 8, and indoor condensed water. It is composed of a receiving tray 9, an outdoor side condensed water receiving tray 10, an exhaust side ventilation passage 11, an exhaust fan 12, an air supply side ventilation passage 13, and an air supply fan 14. The exhaust side ventilation passage 11 is a duct communicating from the indoor side to the outdoor side, and a part of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 and the exhaust fan 12 are arranged in the middle of the exhaust side ventilation passage 11. The air supply side ventilation passage 13 is a duct communicating from the outdoor side to the indoor side, and a part of the indoor heat exchanger 3 and the air supply fan 14 are arranged in the middle of the air supply side ventilation passage 13. The embodiment described above is a refrigeration cycle of a general heat pump air conditioner, the above-mentioned blowers 7 and 8, and an exhaust fan 1 for ventilation.
2. It has an air supply / exhaust mechanism such as the air supply fan 14, and does not have a heat exchanger dedicated to heat exchange ventilation. During the ventilation heating operation, the flow of the refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle is switched by the four-way valve 2 in the direction indicated by the solid line arrow in the figure, and the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 flows into the indoor heat exchanger 3, The heat is exchanged with the indoor air sent by the inner blower 7 to be condensed. The condensed refrigerant is decompressed by the expansion valve 4, becomes a low-temperature low-pressure two-phase, flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 5, exchanges heat with the outdoor air sent by the outdoor blower 8, and evaporates. The evaporated refrigerant repeats the cycle of being sucked into the compressor 1 again, compressed, heated to high temperature and discharged, and discharged. on the other hand,
The indoor air sent to the indoor heat exchanger 3 by the indoor blower 7 exchanges heat with the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant when passing through the indoor heat exchanger 3, becomes a high temperature, and is blown into the room for heating.

Further, the air conditioner of the present invention performs the ventilation operation at the same time as the above-mentioned series of operations (the ventilation operation here means simultaneous supply and exhaust). When the exhaust fan 12 provided in the exhaust side ventilation passage 11 is operated, the room air having a high temperature during heating passes through the exhaust side ventilation passage 11 and reaches the outdoor heat exchanger 5. A low-temperature low-pressure two-phase refrigerant whose pressure has been reduced by the expansion valve 4 flows through the outdoor heat exchanger 5.
Therefore, the discharged indoor air exchanges heat with the refrigerant to give heat to the refrigerant, the air itself is cooled, becomes low temperature and low humidity, and is discharged outside the room. At this time, the dew condensation water generated along with the dehumidification of the exhaust indoor air on the surface of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 flows into the outdoor dew condensation water tray 10 and is discharged out of the machine. On the other hand, when the air supply fan 14 provided in the air supply side ventilation passage 13 is operated, the low-temperature outdoor air passes through the air supply side ventilation passage 13 and reaches the indoor heat exchanger 3. The high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 flows through the indoor heat exchanger 3. Therefore, the low-temperature air supplied from the outside exchanges heat with the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant flowing through the indoor heat exchanger 3, becomes high in temperature, and is introduced into the room as supply air. The heat supplied from the outdoor heat exchanger 5 to the supply air also includes the heat collected from the exhaust gas in the indoor heat exchanger 3. As described above, in the indoor heat exchanger 3, the refrigerant is condensed by exchanging heat with the low-temperature air supplied from the outside in addition to the indoor air sent by the indoor blower 7. Also,
In the outdoor heat exchanger 5, the refrigerant evaporates by exchanging heat with the high temperature indoor air discharged in addition to the outdoor air sent by the outdoor blower 8. Further, focusing on the heat flow of the supply air and the exhaust air, it means that the heat is transferred from the exhaust gas to the supply air via the refrigerant.

On the other hand, during the ventilation cooling operation, the flow of the refrigerant in the heat pump refrigeration cycle is switched by the four-way valve 2 in the direction indicated by the broken line arrow in FIG. 5, it exchanges heat with the outdoor air sent by the outdoor blower 8 and condenses. The condensed refrigerant is decompressed by the expansion valve 4, becomes a low-temperature low-pressure two-phase, flows into the indoor heat exchanger 3, exchanges heat with the indoor air sent by the indoor blower 7, and evaporates. The evaporated refrigerant repeats the cycle in which it is sucked into the compressor 1 again, compressed, becomes high temperature and high pressure, and is discharged. Then, the indoor air sent to the indoor heat exchanger 3 by the indoor blower 7 exchanges heat with the low-temperature and low-pressure two-phase refrigerant when passing through the indoor heat exchanger 3, and becomes low-temperature and low-humidity and blows out into the room. It is cooled down. At this time, the dew condensation water generated by dehumidifying the indoor air on the surface of the indoor heat exchanger 3 flows into the indoor dew condensation water tray 9 and is discharged outdoors. Further, the air conditioner of the present invention performs the ventilation operation at the same time as the above series of operations. Air supply side ventilation passage 1
When the air supply fan 14 provided inside 3 is operated, the outdoor high temperature and high humidity air passes through the air supply side ventilation passage 13 and reaches the indoor heat exchanger 3. The indoor heat exchanger 3 includes an expansion valve 4
The low-temperature low-pressure two-phase refrigerant decompressed by the refrigerant flows. Therefore, the outdoor air exchanges heat with the refrigerant, is cooled, becomes low temperature and low humidity, and is introduced into the room as air supply. At this time, the dew condensation water generated by the dehumidification of the supply air on the surface of the indoor heat exchanger 3 flows into the indoor dew condensation water tray 9 and is discharged outdoors. On the other hand, when the exhaust fan 12 provided in the exhaust side ventilation passage 11 is operated, the low-temperature and low-humidity air in the room during cooling passes through the exhaust side ventilation passage 11 and reaches the outdoor heat exchanger 5. High-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 flows through the outdoor heat exchanger 5. Therefore, the discharged low-temperature low-humidity air exchanges heat with the high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant flowing through the outdoor heat exchanger 5, becomes hot and is discharged outside the room. The heat absorbed from the outdoor heat exchanger 5 includes the heat collected from the supply air in the indoor heat exchanger 4. Then, in the indoor heat exchanger 3, the refrigerant evaporates by exchanging heat with the high-temperature air serving as the air supply in addition to the indoor air sent by the indoor blower 7. In addition, in the outdoor heat exchanger 5, the refrigerant is condensed by exchanging heat with the low temperature and low humidity air that is exhausted in addition to the outdoor air sent by the outdoor blower 8. Further, when focusing on the heat flow of the supply air and the exhaust gas, it means that the heat is transferred from the supply air to the exhaust gas via the refrigerant. As described above, this embodiment includes a refrigeration cycle of a general heat pump air conditioner, a blower, and an air supply / exhaust mechanism, and does not have a heat exchanger dedicated to heat exchange ventilation, but heat exchange ventilation is possible. Is becoming

Further, the heat exchange ventilation has a problem in its economical efficiency, and the economical efficiency will be described below. As described above, the air conditioner of the present invention is capable of heat exchange ventilation for both heating and cooling. However, in order to perform the operation, it becomes necessary to circulate a refrigerant that transports heat for performing heat exchange ventilation, in addition to a refrigerant that transports heat for cooling and heating. For that purpose, it is necessary to increase the number of revolutions of the compressor, and the cooling and heating efficiency tends to decrease, but conversely, when heat exchange ventilation is performed, the condensation temperature of the refrigeration cycle decreases in both heating and cooling. Since the evaporation temperature increases, the compression ratio decreases, and the cycle efficiency and capacity increase. FIG. 2 shows an example of a refrigeration cycle during heat exchange ventilation heating by the air conditioner of the present invention and a refrigeration cycle during normal heating. Symbols a, b, c, d indicate state change points of the refrigeration cycle of the air conditioner of the present invention, and symbols e, f, g, h.
Indicates the state change point of the refrigeration cycle during normal heating. In FIG. 2, a section a → b is a condensation process of the air conditioner of the present invention, a section e → f is a condensation process of an ordinary air conditioner, and a section c → d is the present invention. The evaporation process of the air conditioner, the section from the reference sign g to the reference sign h is the evaporation process of the normal air conditioner.

Next, an example of calculating the effect by the cycle simulation will be shown below. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the heating capacity and the power consumption in the embodiment of the air conditioner of the present invention. An inverter compressor is used in the refrigeration cycle of the present invention to configure an air conditioner that performs capacity control by the inverter. This is the calculation at the time, and shows the relationship between the heating capacity (condensation heat amount) and the power consumption when the compressor frequency is changed. Table 1 shows the calculation conditions during the above cycle simulation.

[0014]

[Table 1]

In the refrigeration cycle of the present invention, the size of the heat exchanger is 20% larger than that of the conventional refrigeration cycle.
In FIG. 3, the heating capacity (condensation heat amount) of the present invention is represented by a solid line,
Although the heating capacity (condensation heat amount) in the conventional refrigeration cycle is shown by the broken line, the heating capacity of the refrigeration cycle of the present invention is larger. By the way, in the refrigeration cycle of the present invention, the heating capacity also includes the amount of heat for heating the supply air from the outside, that is, the forced ventilation load. The forced ventilation load is represented by [(indoor air temperature-outdoor air temperature) x specific heat of air x ventilation amount x specific weight of air]. The values obtained by subtracting the forced ventilation load from the heating capacity are shown in FIG. 3, respectively. In order to obtain the same heating capacity while performing ventilation, in the case of the refrigeration cycle of the present invention, the compressor power consumption may be smaller than that of the conventional refrigeration cycle by the amount indicated by the symbol C (about 100 W) in the figure. Further, if the amount of recovered heat and the recovery rate are specifically defined, the amount of recovered heat by the refrigeration cycle of the present invention is represented by the symbol B with respect to the forced ventilation load amount A, and the recovery rate is given by B / A. Under this condition, the recovery rate is about 50%.
In the refrigeration cycle of the present invention, when the size of the heat exchanger is the same as that of the conventional refrigeration cycle, the power consumption C
The value of is about 50 W, and the recovery rate B / A is about 25%. As described above, by using the air conditioner of the present invention,
Since the heat loss due to ventilation can be recovered, it can be seen that the heating and cooling operation and the ventilation operation can be performed simultaneously with more energy saving than before. Moreover, since it is not necessary to provide a heat exchanger for heat exchange ventilation, the air conditioner can be downsized and the cost can be reduced.

FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view showing a second embodiment of the air conditioner of the present invention, which is composed of the same components as those of the first embodiment, and the reference numerals in the drawing are the same as those of the first embodiment. Is. In the second embodiment, unlike the first embodiment, the exhaust side ventilation passage 11 is a duct communicating from the indoor side to the outdoor heat exchanger 5, and the exhaust air from the room passes through the outdoor heat exchanger 5 and then the outdoor side. It is mixed with the outdoor air that has passed through the heat exchanger 5, and is blown outside by the outdoor blower 8. On the other hand, the air supply side ventilation passage 13
Is a duct leading from the outdoor side to the indoor heat exchanger 3, and the air supply from the outside is mixed with the indoor air passing through the indoor heat exchanger 3 after passing through the indoor heat exchanger 3 and It is blown indoors. In the first embodiment, part of the supply air leaks before or in the middle of the indoor heat exchanger 3 and is not heat exchanged, but is blown indoors through the indoor blower 7, and part of the exhaust air is exposed outside the room. There is a risk that air will leak in front of or in the middle of the heat exchanger 5 and will not be heat-exchanged and will be blown outside through the outdoor blower 8. However, the second embodiment can prevent this. Although the exhaust fan 12 and the air supply fan 14 are shown in FIG. 4, the functions of the present invention can be satisfied without the exhaust fan 12 or the air supply fan 14 in the second embodiment. .. The driving status and effects are
Similar to the embodiment, the heat loss due to ventilation can be recovered through the refrigeration cycle, and energy can be saved more than the conventional air conditioner.

[0017]

EFFECT OF THE INVENTION Since the air conditioner of the present invention is constructed as described above, it is possible to recover the heat loss due to ventilation while performing the heating / cooling operation and the ventilation operation and save energy. In addition, since heat exchange ventilation can be performed without newly providing a heat exchanger for heat exchange ventilation, it is possible to reduce the size and cost of the air conditioner.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view showing a first embodiment of an air conditioner of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a pressure-enthalpy diagram of the refrigeration cycle during heating in the embodiment of the air conditioner of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a relationship between heating capacity and power consumption in the embodiment of the air conditioner of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view showing a second embodiment of the air conditioner of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a conventional air conditioner with a ventilation function during non-ventilation (cooling / heating) operation.

FIG. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a conventional air conditioner with a ventilation function during heating / cooling and ventilation (non-cooling / heating) operation.

7A is an external perspective view of a plate fin type heat exchange type ventilation device, and FIG. 7B is an external perspective view of a rotary type heat exchange type ventilation device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Compressor 2 Four-way valve 3 Indoor heat exchanger 4 Expansion valve 5 Outdoor heat exchanger 6 Refrigerant tube 7 Indoor side blower 8 Outdoor side blower 11 Exhaust side ventilation passage 12 Exhaust fan 13 Air supply side ventilation passage 14 Air supply fan

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A compressor, an indoor heat exchanger, an outdoor heat exchanger,
In an air conditioner equipped with a refrigeration cycle composed of an expansion valve and a pipeline for connecting these to circulate a refrigerant, indoor air is exhausted to the outside after passing through the outdoor heat exchanger, An air conditioner comprising a ventilation mechanism configured to supply air into the room after passing through the indoor heat exchanger.