JPH0527228A - Liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a liquid crystal display device which has a wide angle and can realize high contrast characteristics, on a liquid crystal display device making use of the transmitting/scattering properties of the light of a liquid crystal element. CONSTITUTION:The liquid crystal display device is composed of a pair of transparent substrates, the liquid crystal element 10 disposed between a pair of substrates and obtaining optical transparent and scattered states according to a voltage applied between these substrates, light shielding film 15 provided on one of the substrates at every picture elements, an optical system 16 sequentially arranged in the rear of the other substrate, a reflecting plate 19 with a light transmission hole 20 provided on each picture element, and a light source 17. When the liquid crystal element 10 is in the transparent state. the light from the light transmission hole 20 is converged on the light shielding film 15, and when the element 10 is in the scattered state, the light is dispersed and transmitted.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a display device using a non-emission type display element, and more particularly to a liquid crystal display device using a liquid crystal element, and more particularly to the light transmission and scattering characteristics of the liquid crystal element and a light shielding film. The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device having a wide viewing angle and high contrast characteristics by effectively utilizing and.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a technical means for realizing a high contrast characteristic in a liquid crystal display device utilizing the transmission and scattering characteristics of light, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-2222 has been proposed.
21 or JP-A-59-1.
Means and the like described in Japanese Patent No. 78428 are known.

Of these, the former means forms a plurality of lens bands arranged side by side in a belt shape on both surfaces of a lens array plate, and a focal plane of the lens band formed on the upper surface and a lens band formed on the lower surface. A refractive index distribution type flat plate lens array plate that intersects with the focal plane is used. By the lens array plate, almost all incident light is concentrated in the liquid crystal pixel apertures, and when the liquid crystal light is transmitted. The display is white (bright) and black (dark) when scattered.

The latter means includes a pair of transparent substrates and a liquid crystal element which is disposed between the pair of substrates and which is in an optically transparent or scattering state according to a voltage applied between the substrates. A light control film with a plurality of microlouvers arranged behind the one substrate, and a light source arranged behind the film, and observes the light from the light source when the liquid crystal element is in a transparent state. The liquid crystal element is directed to the outside of the visual angle so that bright display is performed when the liquid crystal element is in the scattering state, and dark display is performed when the liquid crystal element is in the transparent state.

[0005]

Among the above-mentioned conventional technical means, the former means performs a bright display when light of a liquid crystal is transmitted and a dark display when light is scattered. Although the purpose is to obtain the contrast characteristic, the high contrast characteristic cannot be obtained, and a lens array plate having a special configuration is required on top of that.

The latter means, like the present invention, provides a bright display when light is scattered by the liquid crystal element and a dark display when light is transmitted by the liquid crystal element. Although high contrast characteristics can be obtained, when a dark (black) display is performed, it is realized by directing the light transmission direction from the light source outside the viewing angle of the observer. There is a problem that the viewing angle becomes narrow when the device is viewed.

The present invention was devised in order to solve the above-mentioned problems of the conventional technical means, and an object thereof is to provide a liquid crystal display device utilizing the light transmission and scattering characteristics of a liquid crystal element, and An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device which is wide and can realize high contrast characteristics.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a pair of transparent substrates and an optical device arranged between the pair of substrates, which is optically responsive to a voltage applied between the substrates. A transparent liquid crystal element, a light-shielding film provided for each pixel on the one substrate, an optical system sequentially arranged behind the other substrate, and a light transmission hole provided for each pixel. A first reflection means and a light source, the first means for converging light from the light transmitting hole to the light shielding film when the liquid crystal element is in a transparent state, and for dispersing and transmitting the light in a scattering state. ing.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention is arranged between a pair of transparent substrates and the pair of substrates, and is optically transparent or scattering depending on a voltage applied between the substrates. Liquid crystal element to be in a state, a stripe-shaped light-shielding film provided for each line on the one substrate, an optical system sequentially arranged behind the other substrate, and a light transmission hole provided for each line A second means, which comprises a reflection plate and a light source, focuses the light from the light transmitting hole on the light shielding film when the liquid crystal element is in a transparent state, and disperses and transmits the light in a scattering state. There is.

Further, in order to achieve the above object, the present invention is arranged between a pair of transparent substrates and the pair of substrates, and is optically transparent or scattering depending on a voltage applied between the substrates. Between the liquid crystal element to be in a state, a light-shielding film provided for each pixel of a plurality of colors on the one substrate, a light source arranged behind the other substrate, and the other substrate and the light source. And an optical system composed of a hologram or a prism arranged in the above, and when the liquid crystal element is in a transparent state, the light components of a plurality of colors of the light source that have passed through the hologram or the prism are focused on the light shielding film of the corresponding pixel. And a third means for dispersing and transmitting the light components of the plurality of colors in the scattering state.

[0011]

[Function] When a voltage is applied to the transparent electrode substrates arranged on both sides of the liquid crystal element, the long axis direction of each molecule in the liquid crystal element is aligned in a fixed direction. The applied light from the light source goes straight through the liquid crystal element, is focused on the light shielding film, and is absorbed there. At this time, when the liquid crystal element is viewed from the observer's side, the light is blocked by the light shielding film, resulting in a dark (black) display.

On the other hand, when the application of the voltage to the transparent electrode substrate is stopped, the major axes of the molecules in the liquid crystal element are now oriented in various directions. The light from the light source applied to the device is scattered in the liquid crystal device, and most of the light is projected to the outside through the one transparent electrode substrate without being blocked by the light shielding film. At this time, when the liquid crystal element is viewed from the observer's side, light passes therethrough, resulting in a bright (white) display.

In this case, if the sizes of the light transmitting hole and the light shielding film are appropriately selected, liquid crystal display having a high contrast characteristic can be performed.

[0014]

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the structure of a first embodiment of a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view showing a portion of the liquid crystal element shown in FIG. Is.

In FIGS. 1 and 2, 10 is a polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element, 11 is a polymer material, 12 is liquid crystal particles, 13
Is one transparent electrode substrate, 14 is the other transparent electrode substrate, 15 is a light-shielding film, 16 is a rod lens, 17 is a light source,
18 is a rear reflector, 19 is a front reflector with a pinhole,
Reference numeral 20 is a pinhole serving as a light transmitting hole, and 50 is a driving power source for the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10.

Each of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal elements 10 forms a different pixel, and one transparent electrode substrate 13 is formed on the front surface of each polymer dispersed liquid crystal element 10 and the other transparent electrode substrate is formed on the rear surface thereof. 14 are arranged respectively. A light-shielding film 15 that is considerably smaller than the size of the pixel is attached to one transparent electrode substrate 13, and each rod lens 1 corresponds to each polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10.
6 and a pinhole 20 are provided respectively. In addition,
On the optical center axis 21 of each polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10,
Light-shielding film 15, individual rod lens 16, pinhole 20
Are configured to be located respectively.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, each polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10 constituting one pixel is composed of a polymer material 11 and liquid crystal particles 12 dispersedly arranged therein, Transparent electrode substrates 13 and 14 arranged in
Is configured to be selectively supplied with a voltage from the driving power supply 50.

The liquid crystal display device of this embodiment operates as follows.

The light emitted from the light source 17 is reflected by the reflecting plate 19.
After passing through the pinhole 20, the light is condensed by the corresponding individual rod lens 16 and then applied to the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10 which constitutes one pixel.

At this time, when the voltage from the driving power source 50 is applied between the electrode substrates 13 and 14 arranged at both ends of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal element 10, the polymer dispersed liquid crystal element 1
Since the long axes of the molecules of the liquid crystal particles 12 in 0 are arranged in a fixed direction, the light applied from the individual rod lens 16 goes straight through the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10 as it is and almost all of the light is applied. It reaches the light-shielding film 15 and is absorbed there. Thus, since the light is not transmitted to the outside through the one electrode substrate 13, the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10 provides a dark (black) display as seen by an observer.

On the other hand, if the voltage from the driving power source 50 is not applied between the electrode substrates 13 and 14, the direction of the major axis of each molecule of the liquid crystal particles 12 in the polymer dispersed liquid crystal element 10 is indefinite. Therefore, the light applied from the individual rod lens 16 is scattered in the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10 and is transmitted to the outside without reaching the light shielding film 15. In this way, most of the light is transmitted to the outside through the one electrode substrate 13, so that the observer sees
The polymer dispersed liquid crystal element 10 comes to perform bright (white) display.

In this embodiment, when a voltage is applied to the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10, the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 1
0 is made transparent and almost all the light applied from the individual rod lens 16 is absorbed by the light-shielding film 15. On the other hand, when no voltage is applied to the polymer dispersed liquid crystal element 10, the polymer dispersed liquid crystal element 10 is scattered. Since the light is transmitted to the outside, a liquid crystal display device having a wide viewing angle and a high contrast characteristic can be obtained.

Next, FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the configuration of a second embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

In FIG. 3, reference numeral 22 is a self-hoc lens array, and other components that are the same as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals.

In the first embodiment, an individual rod lens 1 is provided for each polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10 constituting each pixel.
6 is used, in the present embodiment, a single cell-hook lens array 22 is used for each polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10, and in addition, for each polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10, Correspondingly, the light-shielding film 15 and the pinhole 20
Are arranged in the same manner as in the first embodiment.

The operation of this embodiment is also the same as that of the first embodiment, and when a voltage is applied to the polymer dispersed liquid crystal element 10, the light from the light source 17 passing through the pinhole 20 is not emitted. Collected by the self-hoc lens array 22,
Next, the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10 in the transparent state goes straight to reach the light shielding film 15 and is absorbed there. Therefore, the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10 displays a dark image when viewed from the observer.

On the other hand, when the voltage is not applied to the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10, the light condensed by the selfoc lens array 22 is scattered in the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10 and almost all is shielded by the light shielding film 15. It is transmitted to the outside without reaching. For this reason, the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10 provides a bright display to the observer.

For the same reason as the first embodiment, the liquid crystal display device having a wide viewing angle and a high contrast characteristic can be obtained in the present embodiment.

Further, FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing the structure of the main part of the third embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

In FIG. 4, 23 is a second light-shielding film arranged on the rear surface of the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10, 24 is a light passage hole provided in this light-shielding film 23, and other components are the same as those in the above-mentioned embodiment. The same reference numerals are given to the same components as the components.

In the present embodiment, the second light-shielding film 23 is arranged on the rear surface (on the side of the light source 17) of the other electrode substrate 14 of the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10, and each pixel is formed on the second light-shielding film 23. A large number of light passage holes 24 are provided in correspondence with the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10 that is configured, and the other configurations are the same as those of the first or second embodiment.

The operation of this embodiment is basically the same as the operation of the first and second embodiments, and the light is condensed by the individual rod lens 16 or the self-hoc lens array 22 for each pixel. The corresponding light passes through the corresponding light passage holes 24.
And is applied to the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10 forming each pixel.

When a voltage is applied to the polymer dispersed liquid crystal element 10, the light passing through the light passage hole 24 goes straight through the transparent polymer dispersed liquid crystal element 10 and reaches the light shielding film 15. And is absorbed there. Therefore, the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10 displays a dark image when viewed from the observer.

On the other hand, when no voltage is applied to the polymer dispersed liquid crystal element 10, the light is scattered inside the polymer dispersed liquid crystal element 10 and is transmitted to the outside without reaching the light shielding film 15. For this reason, the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10 provides a bright display to the observer.

In this case, the size of the light passage hole 24 provided in the second light shielding film 23 is set so that most of the light collected by the individual rod lens 16 or the self-hoc lens array 22 passes through. It is preferable to choose.

In the present embodiment, since the second light-shielding film 23 is provided, external light can be absorbed in the light-shielding film 23. Therefore, similar to the first and second embodiments. It is possible to obtain a liquid crystal display device having a wide viewing angle and higher contrast characteristics than those of the first and second embodiments.

In this embodiment, the second light-shielding film 23 is arranged on the rear surface of the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10. However, although the contrast is slightly lowered, this second light-shielding film is used as a reflection plate. The same effect can be obtained by providing 19 on the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10 side.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the fourth embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

In FIG. 5, 25 is a plurality of light-shielding films formed in a line, 26 is a lens array composed of a plurality of individual elements, 27 is a plurality of line-shaped slits provided in the reflection plate 19, and others. The same components as those in the above-described respective embodiments are designated by the same reference numerals.

In each of the above-mentioned embodiments, the light-shielding film 15 and the pinhole 20 are provided for each polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10 constituting each pixel, but in this embodiment, one line of pixels is used. A line-shaped light-shielding film 25, an individual lens array 26 extending along the line, and a slit 27 formed along the line are aligned for each of the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal elements 10 constituting It was arranged,
The light shielding film 25 has a stripe configuration. It should be noted that other constituent elements, for example, the light source 17 and the reflector 1
The arrangement and configuration of 8 are the same as those in the above-described embodiments.

The liquid crystal display device of this embodiment operates as follows.

The line-shaped light from the light source 17 that has passed through each slit 27 is condensed in the corresponding individual lens array 26 in the direction orthogonal to the line, and then,
Similarly, the voltage is applied to each of the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal elements 10 corresponding to each other arranged in the line direction.

When a voltage is applied to the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10, the light condensed by the individual lens array 26 is transparent to the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10.
The polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10 makes a dark display as viewed by an observer because it goes straight inside to reach the light shielding film 25 and is absorbed there.

On the other hand, the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10
When no voltage is applied to the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal element 10, the light is scattered inside the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal element 10 and is transmitted to the outside without reaching the light-shielding film 25. The element 10 provides a bright display.

For the same reason as the first embodiment, the liquid crystal display device having a wide viewing angle and a high contrast characteristic can be obtained in the present embodiment.

Further, also in this embodiment, if the second light-shielding film 25 shown in the third embodiment is provided, a liquid crystal display device having higher contrast characteristics can be realized.

Here, FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing an example of the structure of a light source unit suitable for use in the fourth embodiment.

In FIG. 6, 28 is a linear light source, 29 is a reflector having a saw-toothed light reflecting surface, and the same components as those of the fourth embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals. .

In this example, the light emitted from the light source 28 is reflected by the sawtooth-shaped reflecting surface of the reflecting plate 29 in the direction of the reflecting plate 19, and then is condensed at the slit 27 portion of the reflecting plate 19, and then is condensed. , Is applied to the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10 (neither is shown) through the individual lens array 26. Therefore, the light from the light source 28 is efficiently supplied to the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10, and a bright liquid crystal display device having high contrast characteristics can be realized.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing another example of the structure of the light source unit which is also suitable for the fourth embodiment.

In FIG. 7, reference numeral 30 denotes a reflector whose surface is a mirror surface, 31 denotes a slit provided in the reflector 30 and having a substantially triangular cross section, and other components which are the same as those of the fourth embodiment. Are given the same symbols.

In this example, the light emitted from the light source 17 is reflected directly or at least once on the surfaces of the reflectors 18 and 30, and enters the slit 31 as shown by the arrow in FIG. The light that has passed through the individual lens array 2
It is applied to the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10 (not shown) through 6. Also in this example, the light from the light source 17 is efficiently supplied to the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10, and a bright liquid crystal display device having a high contrast characteristic can be realized. In this case, the light source unit of this example does not use the reflector 29 having the special reflection surface, and therefore has an advantage that the design is easier than that of the light source unit of the previous example.

The lenses used in combination with the light source sections of the previous example and this example are not limited to the lens array 26 shown in FIG. 5, and lenses of other configurations can be used.

Further, in each of the first to fourth embodiments, as already known, a color filter is combined with the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10, or the pinhole 20 or the slit 27 is formed. Color
If a filter is provided, each of the liquid crystal display devices can be used as a color liquid crystal display device.

Next, FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing the structure of a fifth embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, which constitutes a color liquid crystal display device.

In FIG. 8, 32 is a hologram,
In addition, the same components as those of the first to fourth embodiments are designated by the same reference numerals.

In each of the above-described embodiments, the light from the light source 17 is supplied to the optical system including the rod lens 16 and the lens arrays 22 and 26 through the light transmitting hole including the pinhole 20 and the slit 27. However, in the present embodiment, the hologram 32 is used instead of the light transmission hole and the optical system,
The light from the light source 17 is separated by the hologram 32 into red, green, and blue light components. Further, the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10 is divided into the red, green and blue pixels, and one transparent electrode substrate 13 has a light shielding film corresponding to the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10 constituting each pixel. 15 is attached.

The color liquid crystal display device of this embodiment operates as described below.

The light emitted from the light source 17 is separated into red, green, and blue light components by passing through the hologram 32, and these red, green, and blue light components are divided into pixels corresponding to the respective colors. The red, green, and blue images are formed by the light applied to the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10 constituting the above, and transmitted through the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10 and projected to the outside.

Now, when a voltage is applied to the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10 constituting each pixel, the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10 is in a transparent state, so that it is applied to the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10. The light component travels straight through the light component, reaches the light shielding film 15, and is absorbed there. Therefore, the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal element 10 has a dark display when viewed by an observer.

On the other hand, when no voltage is applied to the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10, the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10 is used.
Is in a scattering state, the light component applied to the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10 is scattered therein and is transmitted to the outside without reaching the light shielding film 15. Therefore, the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal element 10 provides a bright display when viewed by an observer.

Also in this embodiment, a color liquid crystal display device having a wide viewing angle and a high contrast characteristic can be obtained.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view showing the structure of a sixth embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, which constitutes a color liquid crystal display device as in the previous embodiment.

In FIG. 9, reference numeral 33 is a prism, and the other constituent elements which are the same as those of the fifth embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals.

In the fifth embodiment, the hologram 32 is used to separate the light from the light source 17 into the three components of red, green and blue, but in this embodiment, instead of the hologram 32, the prism 33 is used. Is used, and the other structure is the same as that of the fifth embodiment.

In the operation of this embodiment, the light emitted from the light source 17 passes through the prism 33 and is separated into red, green and blue light components, and then these red, green and blue light components are separated. The polymer dispersed liquid crystal element 10 is applied to the polymer dispersed liquid crystal element 10 forming pixels corresponding to respective colors.
The red, green, and blue images are formed by the light that is transmitted through and projected to the outside.

The operation when a voltage is applied to the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10 which constitutes each pixel and when no voltage is applied is the same as that of the fifth embodiment, so a further description will be omitted.

Also in this embodiment, the viewing angle is wide and
It is possible to obtain a color liquid crystal display device having high contrast characteristics.

In this case, also in the fifth and sixth embodiments, if the second light-shielding film 23 as employed in the third embodiment is arranged on the back side of the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10, A color liquid crystal display device having higher contrast characteristics can be constructed.

In the above embodiments, the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10 is used as the liquid crystal element for display, but the present invention is limited to the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10. However, another type of liquid crystal element, for example, a polymer network type liquid crystal or the like can be used in the same manner as the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10, and laser light or the like can be appropriately added together with a voltage. Smectic liquid crystals whose scattering state can be controlled by heat can be used, and the effect obtained by using these liquid crystals is equivalent to that obtained by using the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10.

In addition to the above, the present invention is not limited to the liquid crystal element as long as it is a non-light emitting display element in which the transparent state and the scattering state with respect to light can be controlled by the presence or absence of an applied voltage. It can be used similarly to the liquid crystal element 10, and in this case, it is clear that the same effect as that obtained by using the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 10 can be obtained.

Further, in the above embodiments, the focusing of the light on the light shielding film 15 is performed by the optical system such as the rod lens 16, but as shown in the following example, The light may be focused by the liquid crystal element itself.

FIG. 10 is a sectional view showing the structure of the seventh embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

In FIG. 10, reference numeral 34 is a liquid crystal element (liquid crystal cell), 35 is a third transparent substrate, 36 is a lens, and the same components as those of the above-described respective embodiments are designated by the same reference numerals. ing.

Also in this embodiment, the liquid crystal cell 34 is provided for each pixel, and transparent electrode substrates 13 and 14 (not shown) are provided on both surfaces of the liquid crystal cell 34 in each pixel unit.
And the liquid crystal cell 34 is provided with a light-shielding film 15, a unit lens 36, and a pinhole 20 on the same optical axis 21. In this case, the light shielding film 15 is not mounted on the one transparent electrode substrate 13 but is mounted on the third transparent substrate 35, and
The third transparent substrate 35 is arranged at a position slightly apart from the one transparent electrode substrate 13.

The operation of this embodiment is as follows.

The light emitted from the light source 17 passes through the pinhole 20, is then supplied to the unit lens 36, is converted into parallel light, and is applied to the liquid crystal cell 34.

In this case, as shown in the upper half (upper pixel) of FIG. 10, when a voltage is applied between the electrode substrates 13 and 14 (not shown), the liquid crystal cell 34 is Since the alignment state of the molecular long axis is in a state of being oriented in various directions as shown in the figure, the parallel light applied to the liquid crystal cell 34 is bent in a direction toward the central portion, and the liquid crystal cell 3
Most of the light exiting 4 reaches the light-shielding film 15 and is absorbed there. Therefore, the liquid crystal cell 34 performs a dark display when viewed from the observer.

On the other hand, as shown in the lower half portion (lower pixel) of FIG. 10, when the voltage is not applied, the alignment state of the molecular long axis in the liquid crystal cell 34 is as shown in the figure. Since the light is directed in a fixed direction, the parallel light applied to the liquid crystal cell 34 travels straight as it is, and most of the light exiting the liquid crystal cell 34 is transmitted to the outside without reaching the light shielding film 15. Therefore, the liquid crystal cell 34 performs a bright display as viewed by the observer.

In the present embodiment, since the liquid crystal cell 34 itself is selectively provided with a lens effect, there is an effect that the optical system is simplified in addition to the effect expected in each of the above-mentioned embodiments. .

[0082]

As described above, according to the present invention,
The light-shielding film 15 is provided on a part of the liquid crystal element 10 on the display side so that most of the light from the light source 17 reaches the light-shielding film 15 when the liquid crystal element 10 is in a transparent state with respect to light by applying a voltage. That is, that is, the light passing through the light transmitting hole forms an image on the light shielding film 15, while when the liquid crystal element 10 is in a scattering state with respect to the light when no voltage is applied, the light source 17
Most of the light emitted from the liquid crystal is transmitted without reaching the light-shielding film 15. Therefore, when the liquid crystal element 10 is in a transparent state, black (dark) is displayed, and when the liquid crystal element 10 is in a scattering state, white (bright).
There is an effect that a liquid crystal display device having a wide viewing angle and a high contrast characteristic can be realized by performing display.

If a non-emissive display element having the same function as the liquid crystal element 10 with respect to light is used, a display device having a wide viewing angle and high contrast characteristics as in the case of using the liquid crystal element 10 is used. There is an effect that can be realized.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a main part configuration of a first embodiment of a liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an enlarged configuration of a part of a liquid crystal element of the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a second embodiment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a main part of a third embodiment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a fourth embodiment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

6 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of a light source section of the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the configuration of the light source section of the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing the configuration of a fifth embodiment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a sixth embodiment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a sectional view showing the configuration of a seventh embodiment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

10 Polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element 11 Polymer material 12 Liquid crystal particles 13 First transparent electrode substrate 14 Second transparent electrode substrate 15 Light-shielding film 16 rod lens 17, 28 Light source 18, 19, 29, 30 Reflector 20 pinholes 21 Optical axis 22 Selfoc lens array 23 Second light-shielding film 24 Light transmission hole 25 Striped light-shielding film 26 lens array 27, 31 slits 32 hologram 33 prism 34 Liquid crystal element (liquid crystal cell) 35 Third Transparent Substrate 36 lenses 50 drive power supply

Claims (13)

[Claims] 1. A pair of transparent substrates, a non-emissive display element which is disposed between the pair of substrates and which is in an optically transparent or scattering state according to a voltage applied between the substrates, and A light shielding film provided for each pixel on a substrate, an optical system and a light source arranged behind the other substrate, and shields light from the light source when the non-emissive display medium is in a transparent state. A display device, characterized in that the light is focused on a film, and the light is dispersed and transmitted in a scattering state. 2. A pair of transparent substrates, a liquid crystal element which is disposed between the pair of substrates, and which is in an optically transparent or scattering state according to a voltage applied between the substrates, and on the one substrate. A light-shielding film provided for each pixel, an optical system sequentially arranged behind the other substrate, a reflection plate with a light transmission hole provided for each pixel, and a light source, and the liquid crystal element is in a transparent state. A liquid crystal display device, wherein light from the light transmitting hole is sometimes focused on the light shielding film, and the light is dispersed and transmitted in a scattering state. 3. A pair of transparent substrates, a liquid crystal element disposed between the pair of substrates, which is in an optically transparent or scattering state according to a voltage applied between the substrates, and on the one substrate. A striped light-shielding film provided for each line, an optical system sequentially arranged behind the other substrate, a light-transmitting hole-provided reflector provided for each line, and a light source. A liquid crystal display device, wherein the light from the light transmitting hole is focused on the light shielding film in the transparent state, and the light is dispersed and transmitted in the scattering state. 4. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 2, wherein the optical system is a rod lens. 5. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 2, wherein the optical system comprises a selfoc lens array. 6. The color liquid crystal display device according to claim 2, wherein a color filter is provided in the liquid crystal element or on the reflection plate with the light transmission hole. 7. A pair of transparent substrates, a liquid crystal element which is disposed between the pair of substrates, and which is in an optically transparent or scattering state depending on a voltage applied between the substrates, and on the one substrate. A light-shielding film provided for each pixel of a plurality of colors, a light source arranged behind the other substrate, and an optical system composed of a hologram arranged between the other substrate and the light source. When the liquid crystal element is in a transparent state, the light components of a plurality of colors of the light source that have passed through the hologram are focused on the light shielding film of the corresponding pixel, and when the liquid crystal element is in a scattering state, the light components of the plurality of colors are dispersed. A color liquid crystal display device characterized by transmitting light. 8. A pair of transparent substrates, a liquid crystal element which is disposed between the pair of substrates, and which is in an optically transparent or scattering state according to a voltage applied between the substrates, and on the one substrate. A light-shielding film provided for each pixel of a plurality of colors, a light source arranged behind the other substrate, and an optical system including a prism arranged between the other substrate and the light source, When the liquid crystal element is in the transparent state, the light components of the plurality of colors of the light source that have passed through the prism are focused on the light shielding film of the corresponding pixel, and when the liquid crystal element is in the scattering state, the light of the plurality of colors is dispersed and transmitted. A color liquid crystal display device characterized by the above. 9. The second light-shielding film having a light-transmitting hole for each pixel or line is provided on the other substrate of the liquid crystal element or on the reflecting plate. Liquid crystal display device. 10. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 2, wherein the liquid crystal element is a polymer dispersed liquid crystal. 11. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 2, wherein the liquid crystal element is a polymer network liquid crystal. 12. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 2, wherein the liquid crystal element is a smectic liquid crystal used together with heating control by laser light or the like. 13. A pair of transparent substrates, a liquid crystal element disposed between the pair of substrates and optically transparent or having lens characteristics according to a voltage applied between the substrates, and the one substrate. A light-shielding film provided for each pixel on a third transparent substrate spaced apart in the front, an optical system sequentially arranged behind the other substrate, and a reflection plate with a light transmission hole provided for each pixel A liquid crystal display device comprising a light source, which transmits light from the light transmitting hole when the liquid crystal element is in a transparent state and focuses the light on the light shielding film when the liquid crystal element has a lens characteristic.