JPH05270883A - Burned ceramic building material - Google Patents
Burned ceramic building materialInfo
- Publication number
- JPH05270883A JPH05270883A JP4067148A JP6714892A JPH05270883A JP H05270883 A JPH05270883 A JP H05270883A JP 4067148 A JP4067148 A JP 4067148A JP 6714892 A JP6714892 A JP 6714892A JP H05270883 A JPH05270883 A JP H05270883A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- sludge
- raw material
- burned
- low
- fire resistance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、湖沼に堆積したヘドロ
を焼成建材の主原料とした焼成建材であって、外装、内
装用タイル、舗装用タイル、赤煉瓦等の焼成建材に関す
る。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a calcined building material which uses sludge accumulated in lakes and marshes as a main raw material for calcined building materials, such as exterior, interior tiles, paving tiles and red bricks.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】湖沼、河川、及び湾に堆積した泥は生活
排水、工場廃水等により汚染され生活環境を不快にする
ものである。しかし、従来はこうした底泥（以下ヘドロ
と称す）は浚渫してもその処分が出来ないため大規模な
除去作業が出来ず放置されていた。Mud deposited in lakes, rivers, and bays is polluted by domestic wastewater, industrial wastewater, etc., and makes living environment uncomfortable. However, conventionally, such bottom mud (hereinafter referred to as sludge) cannot be disposed of even after dredging, so it has been left unattended without a large-scale removal work.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】湖沼に堆積したヘドロ
は一種の沖積粘土であり、主として粘土鉱物を含む微粒
子で構成されている。これに生活廃水或いは植物発生に
由来する有機物、窒素、リン、カリ、鉄分等が付加する
形で存在する。The sludge accumulated in lakes is a kind of alluvial clay and is mainly composed of fine particles containing clay minerals. Organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, etc. derived from domestic wastewater or plant development are added to this.
【０００４】このようなヘドロは、その化学的成分とし
て不純物を多く含み、耐火度が低くく、焼成工程に於て
は適性温度巾が狭く軟化しやすい。更に、焼成途中で数
％含有している有機物が内部に残りやすく、フクレ現象
が出て変形の原因となる。Such sludge contains a large amount of impurities as its chemical components, has a low fire resistance, and has a narrow suitable temperature range and is easily softened in the firing process. Furthermore, the organic substances contained in a few% during firing tend to remain inside, causing blistering and deformation.
【０００５】また、ヘドロは粘土として年令が若いため
に、通常のセラミック原料に比べて粘土鉱物が未発達で
その含有量も少なく、水分含有量が高く、また可塑性の
低い粘土であり、成型性が悪い。Further, since sludge is young as a clay, it is a clay that has less developed clay minerals than ordinary ceramic raw materials, has a small content, has a high water content, and has low plasticity. The sex is bad.
【０００６】本発明は、上記の事情に鑑みてなされたも
のであり、ヘドロにＡｌ2 Ｏ3 −ＳｉＯ2 系耐火原料を
添加することによりこれ等の短所を解決し、ヘドロを焼
成建材の主原料とすることを目的とする。The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and solves these disadvantages by adding an Al 2 O 3 —SiO 2 -based refractory raw material to sludge, and the sludge is mainly used as a firing building material. It is intended to be a raw material.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明の焼成セラミック
建材は、低耐火性でかつ低可塑性のヘドロ焼成物に１８
メッシュ以下のアルミナ含有耐火原料を添加した焼成セ
ラミック建材であって、アルミナ含有量を少なくとも２
０重量％としたことを特徴とする。The fired ceramic building material of the present invention can be applied to a sludge fired material having low fire resistance and low plasticity.
A fired ceramic building material to which an alumina-containing refractory raw material of a mesh or less is added, and the alumina content is at least 2
It is characterized by being 0% by weight.
【０００８】まず、ヘドロの例として、下記表１に、岡
山県児島湖のヘドロの組成を、他の代表的な粘土原料と
比較して示した。First, as an example of sludge, Table 1 below shows the composition of sludge in Lake Kojima, Okayama Prefecture, in comparison with other typical clay raw materials.
【０００９】[0009]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００１０】一般に、ヘドロは、その耐火度が低く、耐
火度が５ａ以下のものであり、また、微細な有機物を含
み膨潤性を有するが、堆積年代が若いため他の原料に比
べて粘土結晶の発達が悪く、可塑性に乏しく、塑性限界
が４０％以上、液性限界が１００％以上であり、成型す
るには多くの水分が必要である。In general, sludge has a low fire resistance and a fire resistance of 5a or less, and has swelling properties containing fine organic matter, but since it has a young deposition age, it is a clay crystal compared to other raw materials. Is poorly developed, has poor plasticity, has a plasticity limit of 40% or more and a liquidity limit of 100% or more, and requires a large amount of water for molding.
【００１１】本発明で使用できるヘドロは、上記児島湖
のヘドロのみでなく、上記の耐火度及び可塑性の基準に
合致するものであれば、本発明の焼成セラミック建材の
原料として利用できる。The sludge which can be used in the present invention is not limited to the sludge of Lake Kojima, and any sludge that meets the above criteria of fire resistance and plasticity can be used as a raw material for the fired ceramic building material of the present invention.
【００１２】次に、添加する耐火原料としては、アルミ
ナ含有耐火原料、例えばＡｌ2 Ｏ3−ＳｉＯ2 形でＡｌ
2 Ｏ3 を付与できる、例えばアルミナ、ムライト、アン
ダリュサイト、粘土、蝋石など天然品、合成品の如何を
問わない。添加後のＡｌ2 Ｏ3 は、焼成セラミック建材
全体に対して、焼成ベースで２０重量％以上含有されて
いることが必要である。これより少ないと焼成温度域が
充分広いとは言えない。Next, the refractory raw material to be added is an alumina-containing refractory raw material, for example, Al 2 O 3 --SiO 2 type Al.
It does not matter whether it is a natural product or a synthetic product, such as alumina, mullite, andalusite, clay, or roccite, which can provide 2 O 3 . Al 2 O 3 after the addition needs to be contained in an amount of 20% by weight or more based on the total amount of the fired ceramic building material on a fired basis. If it is less than this range, it cannot be said that the firing temperature range is sufficiently wide.
【００１３】また、添加するアルミナ含有耐火原料が、
１８Ｍ以上の粗粒の場合には、微粉部（ヘドロ）の耐火
度向上の効果が小さく、そのため耐火原料の添加量が増
加して、相対的にヘドロの配合比率が低下し、ヘドロの
大量処理の観点からは好ましくない。添加原料の粒度を
１８Ｍ以下の微粉とすることにより、焼成セラミック建
材中に占めるヘドロの量を５０重量％以上とできる。The alumina-containing refractory raw material to be added is
In the case of coarse particles of 18 M or more, the effect of improving the fire resistance of the fine powder portion (sludge) is small, and therefore the addition amount of the refractory raw material increases, the blending ratio of sludge relatively decreases, and a large amount of sludge is treated. Is not preferable from the viewpoint. The amount of sludge occupying in the fired ceramic building material can be 50% by weight or more by adjusting the particle size of the additive raw material to 18 M or less.
【００１４】また、ヘドロは、その可塑性が低いことか
ら、成型プロセスによってはヘドロの持っている可塑性
だけでは粘りの不足するため、成型性の改善を図ること
を目的として可塑性材、例えば粘土系耐火原料を添加し
てもよい。Further, since the sludge has a low plasticity, depending on the molding process, the plasticity possessed by the sludge is insufficient in the viscosity, so that plasticity such as clay-based fireproofing is used for the purpose of improving the moldability. Raw materials may be added.
【００１５】また、アルミナ含有耐火原料と粘土系耐火
原料を併用して添加するとよい。Further, it is preferable to add the alumina-containing refractory raw material and the clay-based refractory raw material together.
【００１６】[0016]
【作用】ヘドロ単独で焼成セラミック建材を調製して
も、耐火度が低くく、適性焼成温度域が狭いために、焼
成温度が少しでも低く熱効果が小さいと焼け不足とな
り、逆に、焼成温度が少しでも高過ぎると焼けすぎによ
り変形するという問題がある。そこで、適性温度範囲を
拡大するために耐火性原料を混合することが考えられ
る。[Function] Even if a calcined ceramic building material is prepared with sludge alone, the fire resistance is low and the appropriate firing temperature range is narrow, so if the firing temperature is a little low and the thermal effect is small, there will be insufficient burning, and conversely However, if it is too high, it will be deformed due to overburning. Therefore, it is possible to mix a refractory raw material in order to expand the suitable temperature range.
【００１７】耐火度向上を図るには、化学成分のコント
ロールにより可能である。ヘドロの基本成分がＡｌ2 Ｏ
3 −ＳｉＯ2 系であるので、化学相平衡の観点から、例
えば不純物の少ないＳｉＯ2 を添加して耐火性を向上さ
せることも可能であるが、ＳｉＯ2 の添加の割合が比較
的多くなり、ヘドロの使用量が相対的に少なくなる欠点
がある。また、粗粒での添加はＳｉＯ2 （石英鉱物）の
変態膨脹をひきおこし、ヘドロと収縮が合わないために
亀裂の発生や組織の脆化を引き起こしたりする。更に、
ＳｉＯ2 原料はシャモットと同様に可塑性に乏しく、成
型性の向上に寄与しない。In order to improve the fire resistance, it is possible to control the chemical composition. The basic component of sludge is Al 2 O
Since it is a 3- SiO 2 system, from the viewpoint of chemical phase equilibrium, it is possible to add, for example, SiO 2 with few impurities to improve the fire resistance, but the proportion of addition of SiO 2 becomes relatively large, There is a drawback that the amount of sludge used is relatively small. In addition, addition of coarse particles causes transformation expansion of SiO 2 (quartz mineral), and since shrinkage does not match with sludge, cracks may occur or the structure may become brittle. Furthermore,
Similar to chamotte, the SiO 2 raw material has poor plasticity and does not contribute to the improvement of moldability.
【００１８】そのため、本発明においては、耐火性を与
えるためにはＡｌ2 Ｏ3 を、焼成セラミック建材全体に
対して、焼成ベースで２０重量％以上含有させることに
より、優れた耐火性を付与しうることを見いだした。Therefore, in the present invention, in order to provide the fire resistance, Al 2 O 3 is added to the whole fired ceramic building material in an amount of 20% by weight or more on a fired basis to impart excellent fire resistance. I found something to say.
【００１９】以下、実施例により、本発明を説明する。The present invention will be described below with reference to examples.
【００２０】[0020]
【実施例】表２〜表７に、焼成セラミック建材の組成、
及び組成割合（重量％）、焼成条件、諸物性、総合評価
を示した。[Examples] Tables 2 to 7 show compositions of fired ceramic building materials,
The composition ratio (wt%), firing conditions, various physical properties, and comprehensive evaluation are shown.
【００２１】焼成セラミック建材の組成のうち、ヘドロ
としては、上記表１記載の組成を有する児島湖のヘドロ
を使用し、また、焼成時の収縮が大きいのでこれを改善
するためにヘドロを一度焼成したシャモットとしたもの
も原料とした（試料Ｇ）。Among the compositions of the fired ceramic building materials, the sludge of Lake Kojima having the composition shown in Table 1 above is used as the sludge, and since the shrinkage during firing is large, the sludge is fired once to improve it. The chamotte was also used as a raw material (Sample G).
【００２２】アルミナを含有する耐火原料としては、本
山木節粘土（アルミナ分、シャモットベース、４０重量
％）（試料Ａ１〜Ａ４）、三石蝋石（アルミナ分３２重
量％）（試料Ｂ）、中国産礬土頁岩シャモット（アルミ
ナ分６０重量％）（試料Ｃ１〜Ｃ２）、仮焼アルミナ
（アルミナ分１００％）（試料Ｄ１、Ｄ２、Ｇ）、伊部
粘土（アルミナ分２１重量％）（試料Ｆ）を使用した。
また、比較としてＳｉＯ2 原料（珪石）（試料Ｅ１、Ｅ
２）を添加する場合も記載した。As refractory raw materials containing alumina, Motoyama Kibushi Clay (alumina content, chamotte base, 40 wt%) (Samples A1 to A4), Mitsuishi Rouseki (alumina content 32 wt%) (Sample B), produced in China Conglomerate shale chamotte (alumina content 60% by weight) (samples C1 to C2), calcined alumina (alumina content 100%) (samples D1, D2, G), Ibe clay (alumina content 21% by weight) (sample F) used.
For comparison, a SiO 2 raw material (silica) (Samples E1 and E)
The case where 2) is added is also described.
【００２３】混合工程には泥漿状態で混合を行い成型水
分まで乾燥する方法、乾燥させた原料を混合した後に水
分を添加して適性水分にする方法がある。湿式成型の場
合は前者、乾式成型の場合は後者を採用するのが一般的
である。表２〜表７の実施例では、後者の乾式成型法で
行った。In the mixing step, there are a method of mixing in a sludge state and drying to a molding water content, and a method of mixing the dried raw materials and then adding water to obtain an appropriate water content. In general, the former is adopted in the case of wet molding and the latter is adopted in the case of dry molding. In the examples of Tables 2 to 7, the latter dry molding method was used.
【００２４】成型オイル・プレスにより圧力３０ＭＰａ
にて実施し、乾燥後、ＳｉＣ発熱体の電気炉により各温
度に焼成した。Pressure 30 MPa by molding oil press
After being dried and dried, it was fired at each temperature in an electric furnace of SiC heating element.
【００２５】[0025]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００２６】[0026]
【表３】 [Table 3]
【００２７】[0027]
【表４】 [Table 4]
【００２８】[0028]
【表５】 [Table 5]
【００２９】[0029]
【表６】 [Table 6]
【００３０】[0030]
【表７】 [Table 7]
【００３１】表２〜表７からわかるように、ヘドロ単味
品（比較試料）は、極めて焼成温度域が狭く、吸水率が
低く、高い強度を得るのが難しいのに比べて、微粉部の
Ａｌ2 Ｏ3 値が２０重量％を超えると焼成温度巾が５０
℃を超える程度まで拡大し、製品強度が向上することが
わかる。As can be seen from Tables 2 to 7, the sludge plain product (comparative sample) has an extremely narrow firing temperature range, a low water absorption rate, and it is difficult to obtain high strength. When the Al 2 O 3 value exceeds 20% by weight, the firing temperature range is 50
It can be seen that the product strength is improved by expanding to a degree exceeding ℃.
【００３２】また、添加原料の粒度に就いてみると、１
８Ｍ以下の微粉のほうが６〜４８Ｍの粗粒に比較して添
加効果が高いことがわかる。Regarding the particle size of the added raw material, 1
It can be seen that fine powder of 8 M or less has a higher addition effect than coarse particles of 6 to 48 M.
【００３３】更に、添加原料の種類によって違いがあ
り、少ない添加量で効果の高いものは仮焼アルミナであ
った。蝋石や珪石等の膨脹性原料は焼成収縮が小さく、
その分焼き締りの少ない傾向があり、粒で添加すると製
品表面が凸凹し、粒の周辺に亀裂が発生した。本山木節
は添加効果は中程度であったが、可塑性の向上が大きく
最も成型性が良かった。また、伊部粘土はＡｌ2 Ｏ3 値
が余り増加してないため添加効果が認められなかった。Further, there is a difference depending on the kind of the added raw material, and the one which is highly effective with a small addition amount was the calcined alumina. Intumescent materials such as rouxite and silica stone have small firing shrinkage,
As a result, there is a tendency for the shrinkage to be small, and when added as grains, the product surface became uneven, and cracks occurred around the grains. Motoyamakibushi had a moderate addition effect, but had the greatest improvement in plasticity and the best moldability. In addition, since the Al 2 O 3 value of Ibe clay did not increase so much, the addition effect was not recognized.
【００３４】また、ヘドロを一度焼成してシャモットと
して使用した試料Ｇは、仮焼アルミナの微粉部分に占め
る割合が多くなるため、効果が高かった。しかし、頁岩
焼きやヘドロ焼成物などのシャモットを使用した場合、
可塑性が低下するため、成型性の悪化は免れない。Further, Sample G, which was used as chamotte by once burning the sludge, had a high effect because the ratio of the calcined alumina to the fine powder portion was large. However, when using chamotte such as shale grill and sludge burned material,
Since plasticity is reduced, deterioration of moldability is inevitable.
【００３５】以上の結果に基づき、本山木節粘土２０重
量％の配合試料Ａ３を、２軸ニーダーで混練後、押し出
し成型機により赤煉瓦形状を成型した。成型体を乾燥
後、重油燃焼式連続窯により１１００℃にて焼成し、吸
水率７．６％、圧縮強さ５８６０Ｎ／ｃｍ2 の第４種Ｊ
ＩＳ普通れんがを得ることが出来た。また、同じ配合を
スプレィ・ドライヤーにて造粒し、油圧プレスにて３０
ＭＰａにて成型、乾燥後、１１５０℃で焼成する事によ
り吸水率が３．５％、曲げ強度が１５．３ＭＰａを有す
るＪＩＳせっ器質タイルを得る事ができた。このタイル
は充分高い温度で焼成しているため、耐薬品試験におい
て表面における異状の発生は無かった。Based on the above results, the compound sample A3 containing 20% by weight of Motoyama Kibushi clay was kneaded with a twin-screw kneader and then molded into a red brick shape by an extrusion molding machine. After the molded body is dried, it is fired at 1100 ° C. in a heavy oil combustion type continuous kiln, and has a water absorption rate of 7.6% and a compressive strength of 5860 N / cm 2 .
I was able to get IS ordinary bricks. Also, granulate the same composition with a spray dryer and press it with a hydraulic press to 30
A JIS stoneware tile having a water absorption of 3.5% and a bending strength of 15.3 MPa could be obtained by molding at MPa, drying, and baking at 1150 ° C. Since this tile was fired at a sufficiently high temperature, no abnormalities occurred on the surface in the chemical resistance test.
【００３６】[0036]
【発明の効果】従来、処分できなかったヘドロに耐火原
料を添加し成分調整することにより、ヘドロが普通煉
瓦、せっ器質タイルといった焼成建設材料の主成分とし
て高い配合率で使用することが可能となり、公害防止に
も資する効果がある。EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION By adding refractory raw materials to sludge that could not be disposed of, and adjusting the composition, sludge can be used at a high mixing ratio as a main component of calcined construction materials such as ordinary bricks and stone tiles. It also has the effect of contributing to pollution prevention.
Claims (1)
８メッシュ以下のアルミナ含有耐火原料を添加し、焼成
ベースでアルミナ含有量を少なくとも２０重量％とした
ことを特徴とする焼成セラミック建材。1. A sludge with low fire resistance and low plasticity, 1
A fired ceramic building material, wherein an alumina-containing refractory raw material of 8 mesh or less is added, and the alumina content is at least 20% by weight on a firing basis.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4067148A JPH0660047B2 (en) | 1992-03-25 | 1992-03-25 | Fired ceramic building materials |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4067148A JPH0660047B2 (en) | 1992-03-25 | 1992-03-25 | Fired ceramic building materials |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH05270883A true JPH05270883A (en) | 1993-10-19 |
| JPH0660047B2 JPH0660047B2 (en) | 1994-08-10 |
Family
ID=13336536
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4067148A Expired - Fee Related JPH0660047B2 (en) | 1992-03-25 | 1992-03-25 | Fired ceramic building materials |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0660047B2 (en) |
-
1992
- 1992-03-25 JP JP4067148A patent/JPH0660047B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0660047B2 (en) | 1994-08-10 |
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