JPH05263825A - Straight line guide apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To maintain parallelism in a guide and a constant guide space for a guideway, and to improve accuracy. CONSTITUTION: A straight line guide apparatus 1 includes two adjusting members, which are placed at an interval and capable of adjusting guide members 5a to 5f constituted as a damping element or guide unit in the direction perpendicular to the direction parallel to at least one of the guide members or in the case of a plurality of the guide members 5a to 5f are movable along a guideway, to the guide axis 7 of these guide members in common. The adjusting axis of the adjusting members crosses the guide axis 7 or lines parallel to the axis 7 or crosses at an equal spacing, and interval measurement instruments to measure the interval against a standard plane extending along the guideway are provided one each to a pair of adjusting members for each guide member or a group of guide members. Further, a comparator and an adjusting instrument for adjusting the adjusting members in response to the deviation from the standard value confirmed by the comparator are provided.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention has at least one guideway and at least one guideway assigned to each guideway and configured as a cushioning member or a guide unit of a predetermined guide length. A linear guide device of the type in which the members are movable relative to one another along one guide axis.

[0002]

2. Description of the Prior Art In a linear guide system, an uneven load on the guide unit causes a deviation from the ideal line with respect to its movement along the guideway. Such a load difference occurs especially at an instantaneous load. Since linear guides are also used in processing machines, this also influences the dimensional maintenance of the workpiece to be machined. In addition to the guide unit, linear guides also have a shock carriage or a wedge. This buffer carriage or buffer wedge is adjustable relative to the guide unit with a narrow gap with respect to the guideway.

[0003]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to keep the parallelism of the guide and the guide spacing with respect to the guideway constant, irrespective of the magnitude of the load.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the invention to provide a guide shaft or a common guide shaft to at least one of the guide members or to a plurality of guide members which are movable along one guide path. Belonging to two adjusting members which are adjustable at right angles to the parallel to
The adjusting shaft of the adjusting member intersects with the guide shaft of the guideway or a parallel line to the guide shaft or intersects at equal intervals, and the guideway is provided to each guide member or a pair of adjusting members of each group of guide members. A distance measuring device for measuring a distance with respect to a reference surface extending along the axis is assigned to each of the distance measuring devices, and the adjustment device adjusts the adjusting member according to the deviation from the reference value confirmed by the comparator. It was solved by the existence of the vessel.

If, for example, a carriage or a stationary column is associated with a plurality of guide elements, for example two guide elements, with respect to one guide path or guide shaft, each guide element is associated with a distance measuring device, preferably with a distance measuring device. Only the distance measuring device at the outer end is provided.

The advantage of this arrangement is that the load difference can be detected by the distance difference identified in the distance measuring device and parallelism can be achieved again by appropriate adjustment. In addition, the guide shaft is usually moved parallel to the ideal line, and the guide shaft is returned toward the ideal line due to the increased distance even in the case of a uniform load that would bring the approach to the guide path. This ensures a high machining accuracy when such a linear guide device is used in a machining machine for cutting. Accuracy improvement is achieved especially at instantaneous loads. Since each guide member itself is provided with the distance measuring device and the adjusting device according to the present invention, the position of the entire carriage can be adjusted even in a carriage having a plurality of guide members.

[0007]

According to another aspect of the invention, the adjustment of the positions in the two planes is provided by at least one further adjusting member, which is likewise adjustable at right angles to the guideway,
This is achieved by the adjusting axis of the adjusting member extending parallel to the adjusting axes of both first adjusting members.

The guide path of the guide member is preferably used as the reference surface.

It is used in conjunction with a guide member which is preferably a rolling guide unit. In this case, the rolling elements are circulated and guided in endless rows,
Roll along the guideway. In this case, the rolling elements can be configured as rollers, balls or needles.
But especially advantageous is suitable for high loads,
It is a roller circulation shoe used in a processing machine for cutting or a member similar thereto.

Alternatively or additionally, the guide member can form a buffer member for the linear guide device. In this case, the cushioning member is provided as a cushioning carriage that at least partially surrounds the guideway with a gap or as a cushioning wedge forming a narrow gap with respect to the face of the guideway.

As the load transmission unit, a piston cylinder unit capable of pressure loading can be used. However, the adjustment takes place in the range of up to approximately a few hundredths of a millimeter, so that a piezoelectric adjustment device can be selectively used. By applying a voltage, the adjustment is achieved by changing the thickness of the crystal.

According to a further development of the invention, a distance measuring device which is designed as a mechanical, electromechanical, electrical or electronic measuring device or as a piezoelectric meter is proposed as distance measuring device. A piezometer in a fast-acting regulating circuit which acts for regulation of a piezo-regulator which responds to voltage changes is advantageous when using a calibrator in which the distance is given as an electrical measurement. If an electrical measuring feeler is used, this measuring feeler can be configured as an inductive or capacitive working proximity sensor.

[0013]

1 is a cross-sectional view of a linear guide device 1 having a column 2 and a runner 3 along which it can run. In this case, the runner 3 is guided in the column 2 along two guide rails 4 arranged in parallel to each other via roller circulation shoes 5a to 5f as guide units. There are a total of two roller circulation shoes 5c, 5f for vertical positioning and a total of four roller circulation shoes 5a, 5b, 5d, 5e for horizontal positioning. The same device is again arranged in a plane parallel to this. Some arrows indicate that a load is generated vertically and a moment acts.

Both guide units 5c, 5f, which take up the vertical positioning, are movable in the opposite direction to the main load so that a new positioning of the possible runners 3 with respect to the stationary part can be made. The positioning is performed by the adjusting unit 8 assigned to the guide units 5c and 5f. The interrelationship between the adjusting unit 8 and the guiding unit 5 is described on the basis of FIGS. 2 and 3 and the control device on the basis of FIG.

The guide unit 5c and the guide rail 4 are adjustable with respect to each other with respect to the guide shaft 7. Guide shaft 7
Is the axis of the movement direction in which the guide units 5a to 5f move along the associated guide rail 4. The adjusting device 8 is an adjusting casing 11 which can be fixed to the column 2 via fixing screws 12.
And an adjusting member 14. The adjusting casing 11 has two holes 16 in which a piston 15 is received. The piston 15 and the bore 16 together form the adjusting member 14. Both adjusting members 14 have a guide shaft 7
Has an adjusting shaft 32 which lies in the same plane as and which causes an adjusting movement perpendicular to the guide axis. The guide path 6 extends parallel to the guide shaft 7. In the case of this embodiment, the adjusting shaft 32 also extends perpendicularly to the guideway. In order to seal both pistons 15, a sealing member 17 is provided in each hole 16. The sealing of the adjusting casing 11 with respect to the column 2 is likewise effected by the sealing element 18. The pressure medium can be supplied to the cylinder chamber formed toward the column 2 through the pressure medium hole. The cover plate 1 faces the contact surface of the guide unit 5c.
0 is provided. The cover plate is kept restricted and adjustable. In order to achieve precise guidance and force transmission, the cover plate 10 is connected to the adjusting casing 11 via pins 13. Furthermore, the adjusting unit 8 has two distance measuring members 20. The distance measuring member 20 is likewise centered on the guide shaft 7 and serves for measuring the distance to the guide surface 6 which is designed as a reference surface. The guide unit 5c is connected to the cover plate 10 via a fixing screw 9. When the guide unit 5c is first installed with the adjusting unit 8, an initial positioning is carried out and the runner 3 is provided with parallel guidance. In this case, both distance measuring members 20, one assigned to each adjusting member 14, check the distance change with respect to the reference value adjusted for the guideway 6 which originally serves as a reference surface when adjusting. The measured value is amplified in the amplifier and sent to the comparator. This comparator is also configured as a coordinator and is designated by the reference numeral 23.
This regulator 23 determines the deviation between the measured value and the reference value and controls the associated electrohydraulic multidirectional control valve 24. Via this multidirectional control valve 24, the pressure medium from the pressure tank 25 is supplied to the adjusting member 14 and thus to the piston chamber 15 which is supplied or discharged to form a cylinder chamber. The pressure tank 25 has an adjusting unit 8 to which the pressure medium is supplied by a pump 27 via a pressure limiting valve 26, the adjusting member 14 of the guide unit 5f on the opposite side,
The piston 15 can accordingly be controlled accordingly in the opposite direction.

5 and 6 show alternative constructions of the adjusting unit 8. The adjustment casing 11 and the cover plate 10 are configured as wedges (bias wedges 28) so that a preliminary adjustment can be performed. That is,
The desired parallel guidance is obtained when assembled. The adjusting member 14 has four piezoelectric actuators 29 arranged in the valve casing 11, each two of these piezoelectric actuators having a control unit in the form of a comparator and a regulator 23 shown in FIG. And the distance measuring member 20 and via the control device for the high-voltage grid section. By configuring the cover plate 10 and the adjustment casing 11 as bias wedges 28, the large adjustment distance initially required for adjustment is created. Piezoelectric adjustment member 14 is then utilized only to correct load-induced changes. The adjustment distance achievable with the piezoelectric adjusting member 14 is much smaller than with a hydraulic adjusting member, but is instead very precise. For this reason, the required bias is first adjusted, preferably in the conventional manner with a bias wedge, as shown in FIG. A biasing wedge and an integrated adjusting unit 14 are provided for adjusting. The adjustment cost of the piezoelectric adjusting member 14 is smaller than that of the hydraulic control.

8 to 10 show alternative configurations of guidance. This is a guide in which the runner 3 is guided along a guide rail 4 fixed to the column 2 via a roller circulation unit. The roller circulation unit surrounds the guide rail 4. Since the circulation guiding unit is rollable along the guideways 6 which are inclined with respect to the guide shaft 7 facing each other, both vertical and horizontal forces can be received. The two adjusting elements 14 are arranged at a distance from each other such that their adjusting axes 32 directly intersect the guide axis 7. Furthermore, both first adjusting members 14, 2
The coupling planes, which include the adjusting shafts 32 of the two further adjusting members 14, both the first and the adjusting member 14 arranged on the guide shaft 7, are arranged at equal intervals and intersecting. In the case of a guide unit guided on parallel guide rails, only the additional adjusting member 14 is associated with the guide unit together with the distance measuring device. In this case, the adjusting shaft 32 extends parallel to the aforementioned plane. Furthermore, a first distance measuring device 20 is present for both first, adjusting members 14 arranged on the guide shaft 7. A further distance measuring device 20 is assigned to both of the other, laterally arranged, adjusting elements 14 arranged transverse to this and intersecting the guide shafts 7 at the same distance. The control of both first adjusting members 14 corresponds to that shown in FIG. The adjusting member 14 is configured as a piston cylinder unit. In this case as well, there is an adjusting casing in which a bore 16 for the piston 15 is provided. Furthermore, the adjusting casing 11 holds both distance measuring devices 20. The upper surface of the guide rail 4 serves as a reference surface 31 for the distance measuring device.

Instead of the hydraulic adjustment for the embodiment shown in FIGS. 8 to 10, it is also possible to use the adjusting device via a piezoelectric element described in FIGS. 5 to 7. The advantage of the construction shown in FIGS. 8 to 10, in particular with a piezoelectric element as the adjusting element, lies in the very precise guidance. This is because the guide unit 5 is preassembled with the guide shaft 7 and is already biased when shipped from the factory. A linear guidance device equipped in this way is suitable, for example, for a measuring table. In this case, the maximum spring value is 0.
It is 02 mm. Through the adjusting member 14, a further improved guideability is achieved or the spring value is compensated.
In this case, a particularly fine adjustment is achieved by combining the piston and the piezoelectric element as an adjusting element. This is because the piston takes on the coarse adjustment and the piezoelectric element is used for the fine adjustment. Such a piezoelectric adjusting member can generate pressure and is called an actuator, and has a property of expanding to 0.1% of its thickness when a voltage is applied. Therefore thickness 1
For a 0 mm member, for example, a 0.01 mm thickness increase. The combination of the piston adjustment and the adjustment via the piezo member allows a reduction of the construction height when a large adjustment distance is required. This also applies to a configuration using a piezoelectric member.

In FIG. 11, the table 3 is provided with two roller guide shoe units 5a to 5 along two parallel guide rails 4.
A linear guide device 1b is shown which is movable through a guide unit configured as d. Further, a buffer carriage 33 is arranged adjacent to each of the roller circulation shoe units 5a to 5d. Such a buffer carriage 33 is used to buffer the movement of the table 3 along the guide rail 4.

In addition to the guide unit, that is to say in addition to the roller circulation shoe units 5a to 5f, the buffer carriage 33 is also configured as an adjusting unit or comprises an adjusting unit. In this case, as seen in FIGS. 12 and 13, the shock absorber casing 34 is attached to the insert 3
It is equipped with 5. The shock absorber casing 34 is the guide rail 4
It surrounds the cross-sectional shape with a slight gap, and oil is supplied to this gap. The buffer carriage 33 is likewise adjustable along the guide shaft 7 provided by the guide rail 4. In the shock absorber casing 34, the piezoelectric actuator 29 is received and supported in the cutout 36.
The piezoelectric actuator 29 is further supported by a support plate 37 which is movable along the shock absorber casing 34.
The two distance measuring devices 20 are fixed in the holes of the support plate 37 and measure the distance between the guide rails 4 and both reference planes 6. The distance measuring device 20 projects toward the reference plane 6 through a notch in the shock absorber casing 34. The support plate 37 is movably supported and connected to the shock absorber casing 34. The shock absorber casing 34 is the table 3
However, in the frame of adjustment by the piezoelectric actuator 29, relative movement is performed to change the distance of the table 3 with respect to the reference plane 6 by stretching or shortening by elastic deformation of the screw fixing the shock absorber casing 34. Is made possible. The circuit and function of the adjusting unit correspond to those associated with FIGS.

FIG. 14 shows a cross section of a table guide with a cushioning wedge 41, which is simultaneously constructed as an adjusting unit 8, and FIG. 17 shows a cross section along the line XVII-XVII of FIG. .. In this case, as can be seen from FIG. 17, the two guide units 5 and the buffer wedges 41 are respectively arranged in pairs to be arranged one behind the other. Two embodiments are shown in the drawings. In the left half of FIG. 14, the adjusting unit, which is configured as a buffer wedge, is configured as a piston-cylinder device having the principle described in connection with FIGS. 2 to 8, but as shown in FIG. The adjusting casing 11 is arranged next to the guide unit 5. The adjusting casing 11 is supported on the guideway 6 via a sliding plate 38 with a sliding lining 39, which is adjustable by means of a piston 15 against the adjusting casing 6 towards the guideway 6 which serves as a reference surface. The sliding plate 38 is movably connected to the adjusting casing 11 via a pin joint 40.

In the right-hand half of FIG. 14, a cushioning wedge configured as the adjusting unit 8 is shown. In this case, the adjusting function is exerted by the piezoelectric actuator 29. The piezoelectric actuator 29 is received in the adjusting casing 11 (FIG. 16) and is supported on the one hand by a support plate 37, via this support plate 37 on the table 3 and on the other hand by a slide plate 38. A slide plate 38 with a slide lining 39 is supported on the guideway 6. The sliding plate 38 is movably held on the adjusting casing 11 via a pin joint 40. The cooperation between the adjusting and distance measuring device 20 and the piezoelectric actuator 29 is shown in FIG.
7 to FIG. 7 and correspond to those described. The adjusting unit 8, which is embodied as a buffer wedge, is arranged next to the guide unit 5.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a typical configuration of a linear guide device.

2 is a partial cross-sectional view of a portion 2 of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG.

4 is a block diagram relating to the control of the structure according to FIG.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an embodiment having a piezoelectric adjusting member.

6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VI-VI of FIG.

7 is a block diagram of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. FIG.

FIG. 8 is a transverse sectional view of a carriage guide having a roller circulation unit as a guide unit.

9 is a side view of FIG.

10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XX of FIG.

FIG. 11 is a linear guide device having a table capable of moving a guide unit along a guide rail and a buffer carriage.

12 is a detailed view showing the assignment of the buffer carriage of FIG. 11 to a guide rail.

13 is a sectional view taken along line XIII-XIII in FIG.

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view showing a linear guide device with two cushioning wedges constructed according to different principles.

15 is a view showing the structure of a hydraulic piston cylinder device for adjustment shown in the left half of FIG.

16 is an enlarged view of the adjusting device having the piezoelectric actuator shown in the right half of FIG.

17 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line XVII-XVII in FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

1, 1a, 1b, 1c Linear guide device, 2 columns,
3 runners / tables, 4 guide rails, 5, 5
a, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f guide unit, 6 guide path / reference plane, 7 guide shaft, 7a parallel line, 8 adjusting unit, 9 fixing screw, 10 cover plate,
11 adjusting shaft, 12 fixing screw, 13 pin,
15 pistons, 16 holes, 17, 18 seals,
19 pressure medium hole, 20 interval measuring device, 21 lubricant hole, 22 measured value amplifier, 23 comparator, 2
4 valves, 25 pressure tanks, 26 pressure limiting valves, 2
7 Pump, 28 Bias Wedge, 29 Piezoelectric Actuator, 30 Control Device, 31 Reference Plane, 32
Adjustment shaft, 33 shock absorber carriage, 34 shock absorber casing, 35 insert, 37 notch, 37 support plate, 38 slide plate, 39 slide lining, 40 pin joint, 41 shock absorber wedge

Claims (12)

[Claims] 1. At least one guide path and at least one guide member assigned to each guide path and configured as a buffer member or a guide unit of a predetermined guide length, the guide member being one guide. In a linear guide device of the type that is movable relative to one another along an axis, the guide members (5, 5a
-5f, 33) or a plurality of guide members (5a-5f, 33, 4) along at least one of the guideways (6).
In common with these, when 1) is movable, two adjusting members (1) which are adjustable at right angles to the guideway (7) or its parallel line (7a) and are spaced from each other.
4) to which the adjusting shafts (32) of these adjusting members (14) intersect or have the same spacing as the guide axis (7) of the guideway (6) or the parallel line (7a) to it. For measuring the distance to a reference plane (6, 31) that extends along the guideway (6) to each guide member or group of adjusting members (14) of each guide member. 1 of each of the space measuring devices (20) is assigned, and further for adjusting the comparator (23) and the adjusting member (14) according to the deviation from the reference value confirmed by the comparator (23). A linear guide device, characterized in that an adjusting device (23) is provided. 2. At least one further adjusting member (14), which is also adjustable at right angles to the guide axis, is provided,
2. The linear guide device according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting shaft (32) of the adjusting member (14) extends parallel to one of the adjusting shafts (32) of both first adjusting members (14). 3. The linear guide device according to claim 1, wherein the reference surface is formed by a guide path (6, 31). 4. A rolling element rolling along a guide path (6), wherein the guide member is configured as a guide unit, and the guide units (5, 5a-5f) are cyclically guided in endless rows. It is composed of rolling guide device,
The linear guide device according to claim 1. 5. The linear guide device according to claim 4, wherein the rolling elements are configured as rollers, balls or needles. 6. The guide member is embodied as a buffer member, the buffer member being embodied as a buffer carriage (33) which surrounds the guide channel (6) at least partially with a narrow gap. The linear guide device according to 1. 7. A straight guide device according to claim 1, wherein the guide member is designed as a cushioning member, the cushioning member being a cushioning wedge forming a narrow gap with respect to one of the faces of the guideway (6). .. 8. The adjusting member (14) is configured as a pressure-loadable piston-cylinder unit.
The linear guide device described. 9. The linear guide device according to claim 8, wherein the adjusting member (14) is hydraulically loadable or grease pressure loadable. 10. The linear guide device according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting member (14) is designed to act piezoelectrically. 11. The linear guidance device according to claim 1, wherein the distance measuring device (20) is configured as a mechanical, electromechanical, electric or electronic measuring feeler or a piezoelectric meter. 12. A straight line according to claim 11, characterized in that, if the distance measuring device (20) is designed as an electrical measuring feeler, the measuring feeler is constructed as an inductive or capacitive proximity sensor. Guidance device.