JPH05239231A - Synthetic resin film excellent in fog resistance - Google Patents
Synthetic resin film excellent in fog resistanceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH05239231A JPH05239231A JP4073008A JP7300892A JPH05239231A JP H05239231 A JPH05239231 A JP H05239231A JP 4073008 A JP4073008 A JP 4073008A JP 7300892 A JP7300892 A JP 7300892A JP H05239231 A JPH05239231 A JP H05239231A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- synthetic resin
- present
- resin film
- film
- fog
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Landscapes
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
- Greenhouses (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】本発明は合成樹脂フィルム特に農業用ハウ
スに使用される合成樹脂フィルムの防霧性の改善に関す
るものである。The present invention relates to improvement of fog resistance of a synthetic resin film, particularly a synthetic resin film used for agricultural houses.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、野菜類を栽培するに当たってポリ
塩化ビニル、ポリエチレン、エチレン〜酢酸ビニル共重
合樹脂などの合成樹脂フィルムを被覆材として使用する
ハウス栽培によって気温の低い季節でも栽培を可能にす
る方法が取られている。この場合、使用する合成樹脂フ
ィルムは、太陽光線を常時透過させる必要があることか
ら合成樹脂表面に水分による曇りの発生を防止するため
にあらかじめ多価アルコール脂肪酸エステル系の防曇剤
を練り込む方法が取られている。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in cultivation of vegetables, greenhouse cultivation using a synthetic resin film such as polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin as a covering material enables cultivation even in low temperature seasons. The method is taken. In this case, since the synthetic resin film used is required to always transmit sunlight, a method of kneading a polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester-based antifogging agent in advance in order to prevent the occurrence of clouding due to water on the synthetic resin surface. Has been taken.
【０００３】しかしながら、かかる防曇剤が添加された
フィルムを使用している農業用ハウスは内部に霧が発生
し易く、栽培作物に悪影響を与える事がある。このよう
な現象を防ぐため例えば、特公昭５９−３５５７３号公
報に示されているようなフッ素系界面活性剤の使用が提
案され、実施されているが、この方法では経済性、効果
の点で必ずしも満足できるものではない。However, an agricultural house using a film to which such an antifogging agent is added is likely to have fog inside, which may adversely affect cultivated crops. In order to prevent such a phenomenon, for example, the use of a fluorinated surfactant as disclosed in JP-B-59-35573 has been proposed and implemented, but this method is economical and effective. Not always satisfactory.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明者等はかかる観
点から経済性の良好なパーフルオロアルキル基を有する
アルコールのアルキレンオキサイド付加物について種々
検討した結果、驚くべきことに、従来特公昭５９−３５
５７３号公報、特開昭６３−３５６３６号公報などに開
示されているようなパーフルオロアルキル基を有する化
合物にエチレンオキサイドのみを付加した化合物に比較
してエチレンオキサイドを付加した後、ブチレンオキサ
イドを付加した化合物が格段に優れた防霧効果を発揮す
ることを見出し、本発明に到達したものである。From the above viewpoints, the present inventors have made various studies on alkylene oxide adducts of alcohols having a perfluoroalkyl group, which are economically advantageous. As a result, surprisingly, the conventional Japanese Patent Publication No. 59- 35
No. 573, JP-A-63-35636, etc., butylene oxide is added after addition of ethylene oxide, as compared with a compound having ethylene oxide alone added to a compound having a perfluoroalkyl group. The inventors have found that the above compound exhibits a significantly excellent antifog effect, and arrived at the present invention.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】即ち、本発明は一般式
(１)で示される化合物１モルに対してブチレンオキサイ
ドを１〜３モルの範囲で付加させたポリオキシアルキレ
ンパーフルオロアルキルエタノールを合成樹脂１００重
量部に対し０.０５〜２.０重量部含有させる事を特徴と
する防霧性に優れた農業用フィルムを提供するものであ
る。 ＲｆＣ2Ｈ4Ｏ(Ｃ2Ｈ4Ｏ)ｎＨ・・・(１)That is, the present invention has the general formula
Containing 0.05 to 2.0 parts by weight of polyoxyalkylene perfluoroalkyl ethanol having 1 to 3 mol of butylene oxide added to 1 mol of the compound represented by (1) per 100 parts by weight of the synthetic resin. The present invention provides an agricultural film excellent in fog resistance, which is characterized by RfC 2 H 4 O (C 2 H 4 O) nH ... (1)
【０００６】本発明の防霧剤は一般式ＲｆＣ2Ｈ4ＯＨ
(但し、Ｒｆは炭素数６〜１２のパーフルオロアルキル
基)にて示される化合物にエチレンオキサイドを１〜１
０モル公知の方法でアルカリ、酸、ルイス酸触媒下、常
圧又は加圧下望ましくは加圧下で付加した後、次いでブ
チレンオキサイドを１〜３モル付加することによって得
られるが、効果の点から好ましくは一般式(１)における
Ｒｆが炭素数８〜１０のパーフルオロアルキル基で、ｎ
が４〜７又、ブチレンオキサイドの付加モル数は１.０
〜２.０の範囲が好ましい。The antifog agent of the present invention has the general formula RfC 2 H 4 OH.
(However, Rf is a perfluoroalkyl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms) and 1 to 1 of ethylene oxide.
It can be obtained by adding 0 mol of a butylene oxide in a known manner under an alkali, acid or Lewis acid catalyst under normal pressure or pressure, preferably under pressure, and then adding 1 to 3 mol of butylene oxide. Rf in the general formula (1) is a perfluoroalkyl group having 8 to 10 carbon atoms, and n
Is 4 to 7, and the number of moles of butylene oxide added is 1.0.
The range of to 2.0 is preferable.
【０００７】かくして得られた本発明の防霧剤は合成樹
脂１００部に対し０.０５〜２.０重量部配合されるが、
ここで合成樹脂とは一般にフィルム形成性の熱可塑性合
成樹脂が挙げられる。具体的にはポリ塩化ビニル、塩化
ビニル〜酢酸ビニル共重合体、塩化ビニル〜アクリル酸
エステル共重合体、塩化ビニル〜メタクリル酸エステル
共重合体等の塩化ビニル樹脂、ポリエチレン、ポリプロ
ピレン、エチレン〜酢酸ビニル共重合体、エチレン〜メ
タクリル酸エステル共重合体、エチレン〜ブチレン共重
合体などのオレフィン系樹脂、ポリエチレンテレフタレ
ート、ポリアミド、ポリメチルメタアクリレート、ポリ
アクリル酸エステル、ポリメタクリル酸エステル、ポリ
スチレン、スチレン〜アクリロニトリル共重合体、ＡＢ
Ｓ樹脂、ポリカーボネート、ポリ酢酸ビニル、含フッ素
樹脂もしくはこれら重合体のブレンド物などである。The antifoggant of the present invention thus obtained is blended in an amount of 0.05 to 2.0 parts by weight based on 100 parts of the synthetic resin.
Here, the synthetic resin generally includes a film-forming thermoplastic synthetic resin. Specifically, polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, vinyl chloride-acrylic acid ester copolymers, vinyl chloride-methacrylic acid ester copolymers, and other vinyl chloride resins, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate. Olefin resin such as copolymer, ethylene-methacrylic acid ester copolymer, ethylene-butylene copolymer, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polymethylmethacrylate, polyacrylic acid ester, polymethacrylic acid ester, polystyrene, styrene-acrylonitrile Copolymer, AB
Examples thereof include S resin, polycarbonate, polyvinyl acetate, fluorine-containing resin, and blends of these polymers.
【０００８】本発明の防霧剤は合成樹脂フィルムを製造
する際に公知の安定剤や可塑剤と併用でき、又通常は多
価アルコールの脂肪酸エステル及びこれらのエチレンオ
キサイド、プロピレンオキサイド付加物の如き防曇剤と
併用される。又、本発明の防霧剤は一般式(１)で示され
るような公知の防霧剤と併用してもその効果が妨げられ
るものではない。The antifoggant of the present invention can be used in combination with known stabilizers and plasticizers in the production of synthetic resin films, and usually fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols and their ethylene oxide and propylene oxide adducts. Used in combination with antifog agents. Further, the effect of the antifoggant of the present invention is not hindered even if it is used in combination with a known antifog agent represented by the general formula (1).
【０００９】Ａ：本発明の防霧剤(１)の合成 オートクレーブにＣ6Ｆ13Ｃ2Ｈ4ＯＨ ２.７％、Ｃ8Ｆ
17Ｃ2Ｈ4ＯＨ ５５.８％、Ｃ10Ｆ21Ｃ2Ｈ4ＯＨ ２９.
０％、Ｃ12Ｆ25Ｃ2Ｈ4ＯＨ ９.１％、その他３.４％の
組成を有するパーフルオロアルキルエタノールを水酸基
換算で０.５モルを仕込み、５０％苛性ソーダ６ｇを仕
込み、Ｎ2ガスで３Ｋｇ／ｃｍ2に加圧し、７５〜８０℃
で５時間エチレンオキサイド２モル、８８ｇｒを滴下反
応せしめた。次いで５０％苛性ソーダ６ｇを仕込み、ブ
チレンオキサイド１モル、７２ｇｒをＮ2ガスで２Ｋｇ
／ｃｍ2に加圧し、８５〜９０℃で反応を行った。次い
で反応物を８０〜９０℃、減圧度２０〜３０ｍｍＨｇで
２時間トッピングして濾過し、赤褐色透明油状の本発明
の防霧剤(１)を得た。本品中には分析の結果、２.６％
のポリアルキレングリコールが副生していた。A: Synthesis of antifog agent (1) of the present invention C 6 F 13 C 2 H 4 OH 2.7%, C 8 F was added to the autoclave.
17 C 2 H 4 OH 55.8%, C 10 F 21 C 2 H 4 OH 29.
Perfluoroalkyl ethanol having a composition of 0%, C 12 F 25 C 2 H 4 OH 9.1%, and other 3.4% was charged in an amount of 0.5 mol in terms of hydroxyl group, 50% caustic soda was added in an amount of 6 g, and N 2 was added. Pressurized with gas to 3Kg / cm 2 , 75 ~ 80 ℃
Then, 2 mol of ethylene oxide and 88 gr were reacted dropwise for 5 hours. Then, 6 g of 50% caustic soda was charged, and 1 mol of butylene oxide and 72 gr were 2 kg with N 2 gas.
The pressure was increased to / cm 2 and the reaction was performed at 85 to 90 ° C. Then, the reaction product was topped at 80 to 90 ° C. under a reduced pressure of 20 to 30 mmHg for 2 hours and filtered to obtain a reddish brown transparent oily fog inhibitor (1) of the present invention. As a result of analysis in this product, 2.6%
The polyalkylene glycol was produced as a by-product.
【００１０】Ｂ：本発明の防霧剤(２)の合成 Ａと同様にＣ6Ｆ13Ｃ2Ｈ4ＯＨ ４.０％、Ｃ8Ｆ17Ｃ2Ｈ
4ＯＨ ６１.９％、Ｃ10Ｆ21Ｃ2Ｈ4ＯＨ ２７.８％、
Ｃ12Ｆ25Ｃ2Ｈ4ＯＨ ４.８％、その他１.５％の組成を
有するパーフルオロアルキルエタノール１モルに対しエ
チレンオキサイドを５モル、ブチレンオキサイドを１.
２モル付加し、脱水濾過し赤褐色油状の本発明の防霧剤
(２)を得た。本品は分析の結果２.５％のポリアルキレ
ングリコールが副生していた。B: Synthesis of anti-fog agent (2) of the present invention C 6 F 13 C 2 H 4 OH 4.0%, C 8 F 17 C 2 H as in A
4 OH 61.9%, C 10 F 21 C 2 H 4 OH 27.8%,
C 12 F 25 C 2 H 4 OH 4.8%, and other 1% perfluoroalkylethanol having a composition of 1.5%, ethylene oxide 5 mol, butylene oxide 1.
The anti-fog agent of the present invention in the form of a reddish brown oil which is obtained by adding 2 mol, dehydrating and filtering.
(2) was obtained. As a result of analysis, this product was found to contain 2.5% of polyalkylene glycol as a by-product.
【００１１】Ｃ：本発明の防霧剤(３)の合成 Ａで使用したと同様なパーフルオロアルキルエタノール
１モルに対しエチレンオキサイドを６モル、ブチレンオ
キサイドを３.０モル付加し、脱水濾過し赤褐色油状の
本発明の防霧剤(３)を得た。本品は分析の結果３.２％
のポリアルキレングリコールが副生していた。C: Synthesis of antifog agent (3) of the present invention: 6 mol of ethylene oxide and 3.0 mol of butylene oxide were added to 1 mol of the same perfluoroalkylethanol as used in A, and dehydration filtration was performed. A reddish brown oily fog inhibitor (3) of the present invention was obtained. As a result of analysis, this product is 3.2%
The polyalkylene glycol was produced as a by-product.
【００１２】Ｄ:本発明の防霧剤(４)〜(１０)の合成 Ａと同様な方法で表１に示し本発明の防霧剤(４)〜(１
０)を合成した。D: Synthesis of antifoggants (4) to (10) of the present invention Shown in Table 1 in the same manner as in A, antifog agents (4) to (1) of the present invention
0) was synthesized.
【００１３】 [0013]
【００１４】*１：Ｃ6Ｆ13Ｃ2Ｈ4ＯＨ *２：Ｃ8Ｆ17Ｃ2Ｈ4ＯＨ *３：Ｃ10Ｆ21Ｃ2Ｈ4ＯＨ *４：Ｃ12Ｆ25Ｃ2Ｈ4ＯＨ *５：その他* 1: C 6 F 13 C 2 H 4 OH * 2: C 8 F 17 C 2 H 4 OH * 3: C 10 F 21 C 2 H 4 OH * 4: C 12 F 25 C 2 H 4 OH * 5: Other
【００１５】Ｅ：比較品(１)〜(３)の合成 本発明の防霧剤(１)、(２)、(３)の合成においてエチレ
ンオキサイドの付加が終了した時点のものを取りだし、
脱水濾過していずれも赤褐色油状、ペースト状混合物の
比較品(１)、(２)、(３)を得た。これらには夫々２.２
％、２.３％、２.５％のポリエチレングリコールが副生
していた。 Ｆ：比較品(４)〜(７)の合成 Ａの方法に準じて表−２に示す本発明以外の化合物、比
較品(４)〜(７)を合成した。E: Synthesis of Comparative Products (1) to (3) Take out the composition at the time when the addition of ethylene oxide is completed in the synthesis of the antifoggants (1), (2) and (3) of the present invention,
After dehydration filtration, comparative products (1), (2) and (3) were obtained as reddish brown oily paste mixtures. 2.2 for each of these
%, 2.3% and 2.5% of polyethylene glycol were by-produced. F: Synthesis of comparative products (4) to (7) According to the method of A, compounds other than the present invention shown in Table 2 and comparative products (4) to (7) were synthesized.
【００１６】 [0016]
【００１７】*１：Ｃ4Ｆ9Ｃ2Ｈ4ＯＨ *２：Ｃ6Ｆ13Ｃ2Ｈ4ＯＨ *３：Ｃ8Ｆ17Ｃ2Ｈ4ＯＨ *４：Ｃ10Ｆ21Ｃ2Ｈ4ＯＨ *５：Ｃ12Ｆ25Ｃ2Ｈ4ＯＨ *６：Ｃ14Ｆ29Ｃ2Ｈ4ＯＨ *７：その他* 1: C 4 F 9 C 2 H 4 OH * 2: C 6 F 13 C 2 H 4 OH * 3: C 8 F 17 C 2 H 4 OH * 4: C 10 F 21 C 2 H 4 OH * 5: C 12 F 25 C 2 H 4 OH * 6: C 14 F 29 C 2 H 4 OH * 7: Other
【００１８】[0018]
【実施例】次に本発明を実施例によって説明するが、本
発明はその要旨を超えないかぎり、以下の実施例に限定
されるものではない。EXAMPLES The present invention will now be described by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples as long as the gist thereof is not exceeded.
【実施例１】塩化ビニル樹脂(重合度１１０００)１００
重量部、ジオクチルフタレート４５重量部、エポキシ化
大豆油２重量部、トリクレジルフォスフェート５重量
部、Ｂａ−Ｚｎ系金属石ケン１重量部、メチレンジステ
アリルアミド０.５重量部、ソルビタンセスキパルミテ
ート、２.５部、本発明に係る防霧剤(１)０.２部を混合
し、カレンダーロールを用いて１００ミクロンのフィル
ムを作成した。このフィルムを屋外の温度調節のできる
水槽の上に組み立てたフレームに張り実験用温室を作っ
た。Example 1 Vinyl chloride resin (polymerization degree: 11000) 100
Parts by weight, dioctyl phthalate 45 parts by weight, epoxidized soybean oil 2 parts by weight, tricresyl phosphate 5 parts by weight, Ba-Zn based metal soap 1 part by weight, methylene distearylamide 0.5 parts by weight, sorbitan sesquipalmi 2.5 parts of tate and 0.2 part of the fog inhibitor (1) according to the present invention were mixed, and a 100 micron film was prepared using a calendar roll. This film was attached to a frame assembled on an outdoor temperature-controllable water tank to make a laboratory greenhouse.
【００１９】霧の観察方法 １０月下旬より試験を開始した。朝及び夕方の気温が低
下する時間に実験用温室に設けた水槽の水温を４０℃に
し、約２時間にわたり温室内の霧の発生状況を観察し
た。尚、霧の観察時間以外は水槽は自然放置した。この
観察を翌年４月まで定期的に行った。霧の発生の程度は
以下の基準で表した。 ◎・・・霧の発生が全く認められない。 ○・・・霧の発生がわずかに認められる。 △・・・霧の発生が認められる。 ×・・・霧の発生が著しく認められる。 結果を表−３に示したが、本発明に係る防霧剤(１)を添
加したフィルムは優れた防霧性を発揮している。 Method of observing fog The test was started in late October. The water temperature of the water tank provided in the experimental greenhouse was set to 40 ° C. in the morning and evening when the temperature dropped, and the state of fog generation in the greenhouse was observed for about 2 hours. The water tank was allowed to stand naturally except for the fog observation time. This observation was made regularly until April of the following year. The degree of fog generation is expressed by the following criteria. A: No fog was observed. ○: A slight amount of fog is observed. △: Generation of fog is recognized. X: Fog was remarkably generated. The results are shown in Table 3, and the film containing the antifog agent (1) according to the present invention exhibits excellent antifog properties.
【００２０】実施例２〜１１ 実施例１と同様な方法で防霧剤(２)、防霧剤(３)及び表
−１に記載した本発明に係る防霧剤(４)〜(１０)を添加
したフィルムを作成し、実施例２〜実施例１１を得た。
その結果を表−３に示した。Examples 2 to 11 In the same manner as in Example 1, the antifog agent (2), the antifog agent (3) and the antifog agents (4) to (10) according to the present invention described in Table-1. The film which added was produced and Example 2-Example 11 were obtained.
The results are shown in Table-3.
【００２１】比較例１ 実施例１と同様な方法で本発明に係る防霧剤(１)を０.
０２部添加したフィルムを作成し、比較例１を得た。そ
の結果を表−３に実施例と共に示した。Comparative Example 1 In the same manner as in Example 1, the fog inhibitor (1) according to the present invention was added to 0.2%.
A film added with 02 parts was prepared to obtain Comparative Example 1. The results are shown in Table 3 together with the examples.
【００２２】比較例２〜９ 実施例１と同様な方法で本発明以外の比較品(１)〜(７)
を添加したフィルムを作成し、比較例２〜比較例９を得
た。その結果を表−３に実施例と共に示した。Comparative Examples 2 to 9 Comparative products (1) to (7) other than the present invention were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
Was added to obtain a film, and Comparative Examples 2 to 9 were obtained. The results are shown in Table 3 together with the examples.
【００２３】 [0023]
【００２４】[0024]
【発明の効果】表３に示すように本発明に係る防霧剤を
添加したフィルムは優れた防霧性を示すことが明らかで
ある。As shown in Table 3, it is clear that the film containing the antifog agent of the present invention has excellent antifog properties.
Claims (1)
基、ｎは１〜１０の整数を示す)にて示される化合物１
モルに対しブチレンオキサイドを１〜３モルの範囲で付
加させたポリオキシアルキレンパーフルオロアルキルエ
タノールを合成樹脂１００重量部あたり０.０５〜２.０
重量部含有することを特徴とする防霧性に優れた合成樹
脂フィルム。1. A general formula RfC 2 H 4 O (C 2 H 4 O) nH ... (1) (wherein Rf is a perfluoroalkyl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and n is an integer of 1 to 10). Compound 1 represented by
The polyoxyalkylene perfluoroalkyl ethanol to which butylene oxide is added in the range of 1 to 3 mol per mol is 0.05 to 2.0 per 100 parts by weight of the synthetic resin.
A synthetic resin film with excellent anti-fog properties, characterized by containing parts by weight.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4073008A JPH05239231A (en) | 1992-02-26 | 1992-02-26 | Synthetic resin film excellent in fog resistance |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4073008A JPH05239231A (en) | 1992-02-26 | 1992-02-26 | Synthetic resin film excellent in fog resistance |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH05239231A true JPH05239231A (en) | 1993-09-17 |
Family
ID=13505891
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4073008A Pending JPH05239231A (en) | 1992-02-26 | 1992-02-26 | Synthetic resin film excellent in fog resistance |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH05239231A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2000052997A1 (en) * | 1999-03-08 | 2000-09-14 | Asahi Glass Company Ltd. | Agricultural synthetic resin covering material |
| WO2000061686A1 (en) * | 1999-04-07 | 2000-10-19 | Asahi Glass Company, Limited | Additive for synthetic resin |
-
1992
- 1992-02-26 JP JP4073008A patent/JPH05239231A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2000052997A1 (en) * | 1999-03-08 | 2000-09-14 | Asahi Glass Company Ltd. | Agricultural synthetic resin covering material |
| KR20010040266A (en) * | 1999-03-08 | 2001-05-15 | 세야 히로미치 | Synthetic resin coating material for agricultural use |
| WO2000061686A1 (en) * | 1999-04-07 | 2000-10-19 | Asahi Glass Company, Limited | Additive for synthetic resin |
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