JPH0523137U - Wind direction wind speed measurement detector for rotating body - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] [Purpose] To provide a wind velocity measuring sensor for a rotating body, which can accurately and efficiently measure the wind velocity of the airflow even when the airflow is deflected in the width direction from an angle of 0 ° with the measurement plane. . [Structure] The rotating body R in the base body 2 to be mounted on the rotating body
On the surface 3 which is substantially orthogonal to the rotation direction of the rotating body R, the heating electric wires which are electrically heated in a plane substantially parallel to the rotation direction of the rotating body R and projecting in the rotation direction are arranged non-parallel to each other. , High temperature contacts 19 and 20 for measuring wind direction and wind speed, which have the same temperature as the heating wire cooled according to the direction and speed of the air flow F
And the low temperature contacts 21 and 22 for air temperature correction which become the same temperature as the air flow are provided for the square heating wires 7 and 8 on both sides, respectively, and the thermocouples having the same temperature direction as the air current direction in the rotating body R are provided. At the same time, measure continuously.

Description

[Detailed description of the device]

[0001]

[Industrial applications]

 The present invention is a wind direction and wind speed measurement detector for a rotating body that simultaneously and continuously measures the same local wind direction and wind speed in a rotating body such as a disk rotor of a disk brake where the temperature and wind speed fluctuate in a rotating duct or the like. Regarding

[0002]

[Prior Art]

 BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, there is a thermoelectric wind sensor for detecting the temperature of a heating wire cooled by an air flow by a thermocouple, and a thermoelectric sensor for a wind sensor that simultaneously measures the wind temperature (Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-7431). However, this detector for the wind direction and air temperature sensor is effective for measurement on a flat surface, and is not suitable for measuring the wind direction and wind speed inside a rotating duct. In addition, for a flow with a considerable angle to the measurement plane, the cooling rate of the two sensors changes, making accurate measurement impossible. Further, there is a practical inconvenience that the high temperature contact for wind direction and wind speed measurement is located below the measurement plane, and the high temperature contact for wind direction and wind speed measurement is directly cooled and affects the wind direction and wind speed measurement.

On the other hand, there is a three-hole Pitot tube as a pressure-type detector for a wind direction and wind speed sensor. However, this Pitot tube has problems in measurement, such as the large detection end disturbing the flow at the measurement point. In addition, there is a problem to be solved practically that it is difficult to correct the physical property values and the like for measurements in which the change in airflow temperature is large. Moreover, it is impossible to measure the flow of a rotating body such as a rotating duct because of the pressure pipe. In addition, the Pitot tube has a responsiveness that is not responsive and is not suitable for measuring flows that change in a fast range. Therefore, continuous wind direction and wind speed cannot be measured.

Further, there is an X-type hot-wire anemometer as a detector for the hot-wire wind-direction anemometer. This X-type hot-wire anemometer is not suitable for measurement in an environment where the temperature of the airflow changes during measurement because it requires correction by the airflow temperature. In addition, the connection of a mercury slip ring, which is used when measuring a rotating body, has the disadvantage that the heat-wire type sensor is weak in noise and cannot be actually measured because of its small output. Further, in the conventional thermoelectric wind speed sensor measurement system, the output of each sensor is measured at several points by a data logger and the average wind speed is calculated. However, the phenomenon in which a force such as a centrifugal force that is affected by the number of revolutions acts like a rotating body has a drawback that the conventional measurement system cannot measure, unlike the steady phenomenon described above.

[0005]

[Problems to be solved by the device]

 The present invention was made in order to solve the problems of the conventional technology. Even if the airflow is deflected in the width direction from an angle of 0 ° with the measurement plane, the wind direction of the airflow can be accurately measured. It is an object of the present invention to provide a wind direction and wind speed measuring / detecting body for a rotating body, which enables efficient measurement.

[0006]

[Means for Solving the Problems]

 The wind direction and wind velocity measuring detector for a rotating body according to the present invention, in a plane substantially orthogonal to the rotating direction of the rotating body in a base body mounted on the rotating body, in a plane substantially parallel to the rotating direction of the rotating body, In addition, the heating wires that project into the rotating surface and are electrically heated are arranged non-parallel to each other, and have the same temperature as the heating wires that are cooled according to the direction and speed of the airflow. And a low-temperature contact for air temperature correction, which has the same temperature as the airflow, is provided on the base body for each heating wire on both sides.

[0007]

[Effects and effects of the device]

 The wind direction / velocity measuring / detecting body for a rotating body of the present invention having the above-described structure is mounted on the rotating body to measure the temperature of each heating wire on both sides cooled according to the direction and speed of the air flow. It is possible to simultaneously and accurately detect the wind direction and the wind speed of the same local area in the air flow. Further, the detector of the present invention has a simple structure and can be made compact to minimize the turbulence of the flow at the measurement point, and prevent various influences orthogonal to the measurement plane. Further, the detector of the present invention has a large output and is resistant to noise, and can be measured by a mercury slip ring or the like, and the flow in a rotating duct can be accurately measured by mounting it on a rotor. Moreover, since the detector of the present invention measures the temperature of each heating wire with reference to the air temperature, it is not affected by the air temperature and is extremely effective and practical in an environment where temperature changes occur during measurement. It has many actions and effects. In addition, if a plurality of detectors of the present invention are connected to a rotating body at the same time and used, multi-point simultaneous measurement can be performed with high accuracy and good reliability.

[0008]

【Example】

 An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 1, the detector for wind direction and wind speed measurement for a rotating body of the present embodiment is made of an electrical insulator such as ceramic or synthetic resin, and is a rotating body (not shown) in which temperature and wind speed fluctuate. At one end 3 of the rectangular base 2 to be mounted, the tip end of the columnar pillar 5 made of phosphor bronze for heating wire, and the inverted L-shaped pillar at the windward end, the center, and the leeward end, respectively. The tips of 4 and 6 are projected. The end portion 3 of the base body 2 is substantially orthogonal to the rotating direction of the rotating body, and the columns 4, 5 and 6 are substantially parallel to the rotating direction of the rotating body and within the rotating surface. Has been installed in. The tip portion of the inverted L-shaped support column 6 protruding to the windward side is arranged directly above the straight columnar support column 5, and the inverted L-shaped support column 4 protruding to the windward side is arranged on the windward side above the straight columnar support column 5. There is. Nichrome heating wires 7 and 8 are connected between the tips of the inverted L-shaped columns 4 and 6 protruding to the windward side and between the tips of the inverted L-shaped column 4 and the columnar columns 5 protruding to the windward side, respectively. I will do it. The heating wires 7 and 8 to be electrically heated are stretched non-parallel to each other at a position of ± 45 ° with the end portion 3 of the base body 2, and the upper and lower heating wires 7 and 8 are arranged on the same plane in an orthogonal state. is doing.

Further, between the columnar column 5 and the inverted L-shaped column 4 and between the inverted L-shaped columns 4 and 6 at the end 3 of the base body 2, the first column 9 made of alumel for thermocouple, respectively. The tip end portions of 10 and the second support columns 11 and 12 are stepwise projected so that the right side becomes longer. The first thermocouple wire 13 of the alumel wire is provided between the center of the lower heating wire 7 and the tip of the lower first strut 9 and between the center of the upper heating wire 8 and the tip of the upper first strut 10, respectively. , 14 are connected. A position close to the heating wire connection end 15 of the lower first thermocouple wire 13, a position between the tips of the lower second support 11 and a position close to the heating wire connection end 16 of the upper first thermocouple wire 14. The second thermocouple wires 17 and 18 of chromel wires are connected between the upper ends of the upper and second upper columns 12, respectively. The first thermocouple wire 13 of the lower alumel wire, the first pillar 9 made of alumel, the second pillar 11 made of alumel and the second thermocouple wire 17 of the chromel wire, and the first thermocouple wire 14 of the upper side. , The first strut 10, the second strut 12, and the second thermocouple wire 18 constitute thermocouples, respectively.

A connection point 19 between the lower first and second thermocouple wires 13 and 17 that has the same temperature as the center of the lower heating wire 7 that is cooled according to the direction and speed of the air flow F, and the like. The connecting points 20 of the upper first and second thermocouple wires 14 and 18 are connected to the lower thermocouples 13, 9 and 11, 17, respectively, and the wind direction and wind speed of the upper thermocouples 14, 10, 12, and 18 are set. Use as a high temperature contact for measurement. The second thermocouple wire 17 on the lower side and the connection point 21 between the second support 11 and the similar second thermocouple wire 18 and the connection point 22 on the second support 12 on the lower side, which have the same temperature as the air flow F, are respectively located on the lower side. The thermocouples 13, 9, 11, and 17 and the upper thermocouples 14, 10, 12, and 18 are used as the low temperature contact for air temperature correction.

When the detection body 1 P of this embodiment is used by being mounted on a rotating body, as shown in FIG. 2, the windward side end support column 5 for the heating wire protruding from the other end 4 of the base body 2. And the leeward side end part The terminal part of the column 6 is connected with a power supply 31 for heating a constant current through both upper and lower heating wires 8 and 7 connected in series. Between the lower ends of the first and second lower columns 9 and 11 for the thermocouple protruding from the lower surface of the base body 2, and between the upper ends of the similar upper and lower first and second columns 10 and 12, respectively. The voltmeters 32 and 33 for measuring the thermoelectromotive force of the lower thermocouples 13, 9, 11, and 17 and the upper thermocouples 14, 10, 12, and 18 are connected to each. On the other hand, the upper and lower heating wires 8 and 7 provided on the base 2 and the upper and lower first and second thermocouple wires 13, 14, 17 and 18 and the first and second support columns 9, 10, 11 and 12 are provided. Insert the tip end of the projection into the air flow F. Along the longitudinal direction of the rectangular tip surface 3 of the base body along the streamline direction of the air flow F, the inverted L-shaped support pillars 6 are arranged on the leeward side, and the inverted L-shaped support pillars 5 are arranged on the windward side. Fix it.

By the way, in the thermoelectric wind sensor sensor 1P, when the streamline direction of the air flow F changes with time, or when there is an error in the mounting position of the base body 2, the base body 2 is placed at a predetermined position. If there is no place to install, or if the streamline direction of the airflow F is not clear, the angle formed by the airflow F with the measurement plane may not match 0 °. That is, when the air flow F is deflected in the width direction with respect to the measurement plane and the angle of hitting the heating wire deviates from 0 °, cooling of the heating wires 7 and 8 by the air flow F is hindered. Further, if the high temperature contact for wind direction and wind speed measurement is directly cooled, a measurement error will occur in the actual speed of the air flow F and the wind speed indicators 32, 33 with respect to the wind direction.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, the rotor wind direction and wind speed measurement detector 1 of the present embodiment has the hoods 23 and 24 of the rotor wind direction and wind speed measurement detector 1 as compared with those shown in FIG. The airflow passage 26 is formed so as to cover it. The protruding tips of the columns 6, 10, 12, 4, 11, 9, 5 are provided on both side faces of the end portion 3 of the base 2 along the arrangement direction of the columns 6, 10, 12, 4, 11, 9, 5. And the heating wires 7 and 8 and the thermocouple wires 13, 14, 17 and 18 are fitted with the lower end openings of the leeward half of the gate-shaped hood 23 made of a stainless material. The top plate of the gate-shaped hood 23 is arranged parallel to the end portion 3 of the base body 2, and the front half of the windward side of the gate-shaped hood 23 projects from the windward side surface of the base body 2. On the leeward side surface of the base body 2, a gate-shaped hood 23 having the leeward side open end aligned is fixed to the end portion 3 of the base body 2.

A floor plate-shaped hood 24 made of stainless steel, which is parallel to the end portion 3 of the base body 2, is fitted into the lower end opening of the windward front half of the gate-shaped hood 23 protruding from the windward side surface of the base body 2. The floor plate-shaped hood 24 that reaches the windward side surface of the base 2 from the windward side open end of the gate-shaped hood 23 is arranged at a position lower than the end portion 3 of the base 2. A step 25 is formed between the floor plate hood 24 and the end portion 3 of the base 2, and the floor plate hood 24 is fixed to the gate-shaped hood 23 and the base 2. The gate-shaped hood 23, the floor-shaped hood 24, and the end portion 3 of the base 2 partition the upper, lower, left, and right sides to form a uniform-width airflow passage 26 that is inserted in parallel with the plane formed by the heating wires 7 and 8. The height of the step 27 between the windward inlet 27 and the step portion 25 of the airflow passage 26 and the length of the inlet 27 of the airflow passage 26 in the heating wires 7 and 8 direction, that is, the height is larger than the height of the leeward outlet 30 of the airflow passage 26. is doing. The same parts as those of the detector 1P shown in FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted.

Regarding the dimensions of each part of the detection body 1 of this embodiment, the width of the airflow passage 26 is 2 mm, the length thereof is 8 mm, the height of the inlet 27 of the airflow passage 26 is 12 mm, and the height of the airflow passage 26 is 12 mm. The height of the outlet 30 is 10 mm. The length of the floor plate hood 24 is 1.6 mm, and the plate thicknesses of the floor plate hood 24 and the gate hood 23 are both 0.2 mm. Further, the length of the end portion 3 of the base body 2 is 6.4 mm, the width thereof is 2 mm, and the center interval between the columns 6, 10, 12, 4, 11, 9, 5 is 0.8 mm. The diameter of the columns 4, 5, 6 for heating wires is 0.5 mm. The length of the protruding tip of the columnar column 5 for heating wire is 3 mm. The base length of the inverted L-shaped support column 4 is 5 mm, the length of the portion parallel to the end 3 of the base 2 is 4.4 mm, and the base length of the inverted L-shaped support column 6 is 7 mm. The length of the portion of the base body 2 parallel to the end portion 3 is 4.8 mm, and the length of the lower heating wire 7 is 2. It has a diameter of 8 mm and a diameter of 0.05 mm. The diameter of the first support column 9 and the second support column 11 for the lower thermocouple is 0.3 mm, the length of the protruding tip of the lower first support column 9 is 3.7 mm, and the protrusion of the second support column 11 is The length of the tip is 4.4 mm. The diameter of both the first and second thermocouple wires 13 and 17 on the lower side is 0.025 mm.

The height of the first thermocouple wire connection center point 11 of the heating wire 7 from the end portion 3 of the base body 2 is 4 mm 2. The depth from the inlet 27 of the airflow passage 26 at the first thermocouple wire connection center point 11 of the lower heating wire 7 is 1.4 mm. The length of the upper heating wire 8 is 2.8 mm and its diameter is 0.05 mm. The diameter of the first support column 10 and the second support column 12 for the upper thermocouple is 0.3 mm, the length of the protruding tip of the upper first support column 10 is 5.7 mm, and the protruding tip of the second support column 12 is The length is 6.4 mm. The diameter of the upper first and second thermocouple wires 14 and 18 is 0.025 mm. The height of the first thermocouple wire connection center point 12 of the heating wire 8 from the end 3 of the base 2 is 6 mm. The depth from the inlet 27 of the airflow passage 26 at the first thermocouple wire connection center point 12 of the upper heating wire 8 is 1.4 mm. When measuring the flow in the rotating duct, the detecting body 1 of this embodiment is attached to the rotating body as shown in FIG. 8, and the slip ring is attached to the rotating shaft. The detector 1 of this embodiment is connected to the power supply 31 and the voltmeters 32 and 33 via this slip ring.

The detector 1 of this embodiment has a voltage E measured by a voltmeter 32 for the left thermocouple.₁And the voltage E measured by the voltmeter 33 for the right thermocouple₂From this, the direction θ of the air flow F and the velocity U can be obtained. For that purpose, it is necessary to obtain the characteristic equation between them in advance as described below. When the state shown in FIG. 3 in which the air flow F hits the left heating wire 7 and the right heating wire 8 in the orthogonal array at an angle of 45 degrees is taken as the reference state of θ = 0, the characteristic formula is From the forced convection heat transfer equation of the cylindrical heating wire, E₁= A₁・ U^-n E₂= A₂・ U^-m (1) That is, l_nE₁= -N · l_nU + 1_nA₁ l_nE₂= -M · l_nU + 1_nA₂ Becomes However, A₁, A₂And n and m are constants. The characteristic expression of the first expression is that the voltage U is changed by changing the speed U to each value in the reference state.₁, E ₂ Measure the speed U and voltage E₁, E₂Each natural logarithm of is calculated as shown in FIG._nE₁Pair l_nU, l_nE₂Pair l_nObtained as a diagram of U.

On the other hand, in the state shown in FIG. 5 in which the direction of the air flow F is inclined at an angle −θ from the reference state, the characteristic equation is: E ₁ = f ₁ (θ) · A ₁ · U ⁻ⁿ _{E 2 = f 2 (θ)} · A 2 · U -m (2) _{i.e., l n E 1 = -n ·} l n U + l n A 1 + l n f 1 l n E 2 = -m · l n U + l n the a ₂ + l _n f _2. However, f ₁ (θ) f ₂ (θ) is a function of θ. The characteristic equation of the second equation is as shown by the solid line in FIG. 6 when shown in the diagram of l _n E ₁ vs. l _n U and l _n E ₂ vs. l _n U.

As is clear from FIG. 6 in which the characteristic equation of the first equation is indicated by a broken line and the characteristic equation of the second equation is indicated by a solid line, the voltage E at the speeds U = u ₁ and u ₂ in the reference state. _{Since 1} and E ₂ are equal to the voltages E ₁ and E ₂ at a certain angle θ and a certain speed U in the tilted state, the formula 1 and the formula 2 result in [Equation 1].

[Equation 1]

That is, if the equivalent velocities u ₁ and u ₂ are known, the angle θ can be obtained from the fourth equation and the velocity U can be obtained from the third equation. The characteristic equations of the third and fourth equations are obtained by measuring the voltages E ₁ and E ₂ while maintaining the velocity U at a constant value and changing the angle θ to various values in the inclined state, and measuring the voltage E ₁ obtains the equivalent speed u _1, u ₂ by using the diagram of FIG. 4 from the E _2, as shown in FIG. 7, u ₁ / U pair theta, the diagram of u ₂ / U pairs theta, u ₁ / Obtained as a diagram of u ₂ vs. θ.

Therefore, when the wind direction θ and the wind speed U are obtained by the detector 1 of this embodiment, (1) the voltage E is measured by the voltmeters 32 and 33.₁, E₂To measure. (2) The voltage E₁, E₂To the equivalent velocity u using the diagram of FIG.₁, U₂, U₁/ U₂To calculate. (3) That u₁/ U₂To u in FIG.₁/ U₂The wind direction θ is obtained using the paired θ diagram. (4) From the wind direction θ, u in FIG.₁/ U vs. θ diagram or u₂U using the / U vs. θ diagram₁/ U or u₂/ U is calculated, and its value and known equivalent velocity u₁Or u ₂ Calculate the wind speed from.

In the detection body 1 of the above embodiment, the left and right heating wires 7 and 8 are arranged at right angles, but the present invention is not limited to this, and they may be arranged at an acute angle or an obtuse angle. In short, they should be arranged non-parallel. When both heating wires 7 and 8 are arranged at an acute angle, the measurement range is narrowed, but the sensitivity is improved. On the contrary, if they are arranged at an obtuse angle, the sensitivity will be poor, but the measurement range will be wide. Therefore, the angle formed by both heating wires 7 and 8 is preferably about 45 to 135 degrees.

Next, a measuring system relating to the wind direction and wind speed measuring detector for a rotating body of the present embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 8, the measurement system relating to the wind direction and wind speed measurement detector for the rotating body of the present embodiment has an output (output voltage E in FIG. 2 from the wind direction and wind speed measuring detector for the rotor attached to the rotor R, as shown in FIG. ₁ · E ₂ ) is connected via a mercury slip ring 34 (or a telemeter) to a measuring device capable of measuring multiple points of analog data such as an analog data recorder at the same time for measurement. Further, this analog data is converted into digital data of about 10 ms level by the A / D conversion board 36 and the like and stored in the personal computer 37. Based on this digital data, calculation is performed using the above-mentioned calculation formulas (1), (2), (3), and (4) to obtain the wind direction and wind speed at each time. By using this measurement system, unsteady analysis becomes possible, and the flow generated by centrifugal force, Coriolis force, etc., which is influenced by the rotation speed of the rotating body R, can be measured at the same local area and continuously.

[Table 1]

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a detector according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a detector according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a reference state of a detection body of this embodiment.

FIG. 4 shows l _n E ₁ in the reference state of the detection body of the present embodiment.
Graph showing the relationship between pairs l _n U, l _n E ₂ versus l _n U

FIG. 5 is a plan view showing a tilted state of the detection body of this embodiment.

FIG. 6 shows l _n E ₁ in a tilted state of the detection body of the present embodiment.
Graph showing the relationship between pairs l _n U, l _n E ₂ versus l _n U

FIG. 7 shows u / U and u ₂ / U in the detection body of this embodiment.
Diagram showing pair θ and u ₁ / u ₂ versus θ

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a measurement system of the detection body according to the present embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1P, 1 detector for thermoelectric wind direction sensor 2 base 7,8 heating wire 9,10 thermocouple first support 11,12 thermocouple second support 13,14 first thermocouple wire 17,18 second thermocouple Lines 19 and 20 High temperature contact for wind direction and wind speed measurement 21 and 22 Low temperature contact for wind temperature correction F Air flow

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] 1. An electric device, which is provided on a surface of a base body mounted on a rotating body substantially orthogonal to a rotating direction of the rotating body, in a plane substantially parallel to the rotating direction of the rotating body, and protruding into the rotating surface. The hot electric wires to be heated are arranged non-parallel to each other, and the high temperature contact for wind direction and wind speed measurement that has the same temperature as the heating wire that is cooled according to the direction and speed of the airflow, and the air temperature that has the same temperature as the airflow. A wind direction wind speed measurement detector for a rotating body, wherein a thermocouple having a correction low temperature contact arranged on the base is provided for each heating wire on both sides.