JPH0522762B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a concrete block for covering a mound for protecting the slope or base of a breakwater.

[Conventional technology]

Traditionally, concrete breakwaters have been built in areas that are subject to severe erosion due to waves from coasts and rivers.
The tip of the base of the breakwater is eroded by strong breaking waves at low water depths and by overlapping waves at high water depths.
This problem is gradually spreading, and accidents leading to the destruction of breakwaters are occurring frequently.

Generally, when the water depth in front of the breakwater is less than 1/2 of the wave height, it is calculated as a breaking wave, and when it is more than 1/2, it is calculated as a duplicate wave. The actual state of overlapping waves is still poorly understood, but in reality, some of the waves that hit the ground create pressure from below the ground and scatter the covering blocks on slopes. When constructing a breakwater, the cost of constructing a breakwater will increase even if the slope of the mound is reduced by deepening the wall, or even if the wall is kept at the normal height and the mound is built longer than the original ground. Therefore, it is preferable to build a normal quay and cover the mound according to the slope of the original ground.

In this case, the slope is naturally covered with concrete blocks in accordance with the slope of the original ground, but in the case of a steep slope, the concrete blocks are significantly scattered by the overlapping waves.

[Problems to be solved by the invention] Therefore, a concrete block for covering the mound of a breakwater that not only does not scatter due to overlapping waves, but also can be constructed on a steep slope will improve the safety and economy of the breakwater. It was desired from both sides.

[Means of problem solving]

The present invention was completed by researching the properties of overlapping waves in order to solve the above problem, and consists of a concrete block with a plurality of protrusions extending alternately from both sides of a long column. , when two or more blocks are arranged in parallel, the side protrusions fit into each other, and the tip of the side protrusion is in a relationship in which the tip of the side protrusion practically contacts the side surface of the adjacent column from which the side protrusion does not extend. In addition to the above structure, the concrete block is further characterized in that a through hole is formed in the concrete block.

The concrete block body of the present invention is a long column. It is preferable that these pillars are arranged one by one in parallel to cover the entire slope, but in some cases, 1/2 or 1/3 of the length of the slope may be connected to cover the slope. This column has side protrusions extending alternately from both sides. That is, in a region where a side protrusion extends from one side, nothing extends from the other side. The number of side protrusions is 3 or more, preferably 5 to 7 on both sides. Therefore, when using this block to cover a sloped surface, the thickness and spacing of the side protrusions should be adjusted so that the side protrusions can be inserted into the side of the adjacent block from which nothing extends. It is fine as long as it is adjusted. In the present invention, when two or more columns are arranged in parallel, the tips of the side protrusions come into contact with or come close to the side surfaces of adjacent columns, and the columns become entangled. That is, even if a force is applied to one column to cause it to shift, the protrusions extending from the column are obstructed by the protrusions of the adjacent column and are prevented from moving. Moreover, since the engagement between the protrusions is loose, the concrete blocks are dropped with a crane,
It can be installed by simply making some positional adjustments and arranging them.

Furthermore, it is preferable that a through hole extending from the bottom surface to the top surface is formed in the column, preferably in the center. Recently, concrete blocks have become larger and larger, so this method is effective in cases where it is insufficient to discharge overlapping waves from the gaps between the columns. If the pore area on the bottom surface is larger than the pore area on the top surface, pressure water can be discharged from the bottom surface more smoothly, improving durability. Furthermore, the concrete blocks of the present invention can be used by stacking them in two or more stages.

When arranging the blocks of the present invention on the ground soil or crushed stone, in order to make the construction more stable, it is possible to provide a shoe on the back side of the side protrusion or the back surface of the column and bury this shoe in the crushed stone or ground soil. preferable.

The concrete blocks for coating according to the present invention can be used not only for coating slopes below the water surface, but also for coating slopes above the water surface, or simply horizontal surfaces that are not slopes.

[Effect]

In the present invention, a long column is used, and preferably the inclined surface is covered with one concrete block in parallel, so the weight of each force is large and it is difficult to scatter. Moreover, since the side protrusions extend alternately from both sides, it is only necessary to insert the side protrusions on the second side of the adjacent block into the part where the side protrusions on the first side of the block do not extend. , the side protrusions of adjacent blocks intertwine as shown in Figure 2, creating the effect that the entire slope is integrated vertically and horizontally, resulting in a steep slope of 1:2 to 1:1.5. Even if it is tilted, it is possible to prevent the covering block from scattering due to overlapping waves. Furthermore, by drilling through holes in the columns of the blocks of the present invention, water from the lower surface of the mound is discharged not only from the gaps between the blocks but also from the columns, thereby reducing the pressure of overlapping waves. .

〔Example〕

FIG. 1 is a perspective view from below of one embodiment of the covering concrete blocks of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an assembled view of the assembled blocks as seen from a direction perpendicular to the slope. Reference numeral 1 denotes a columnar body, 2 a side projection extending from the side surface 3, and a side projection 5 extending from the side surface 4 as well. Reference numeral 6 denotes a shoe, which is provided on the back surface of the side projection in this embodiment, but the location where it should be provided is not particularly limited. Reference numeral 7 denotes a through hole, which has a large diameter on the back surface, but a smaller diameter on the top surface as shown in FIG. Although FIG. 2 shows the blocks spaced apart for ease of understanding, the tips of the side protrusions 2 virtually contact the side faces 4 of the adjacent block from which the side protrusions do not extend. Even in this state, the pressure water under the concrete block can be discharged from the space between the blocks, but if the through hole 7, especially the diameter of the lower surface is larger than the diameter of the upper surface, is provided, the pressure water can be discharged more smoothly. be exposed.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of a breakwater mound with a water depth of 15 m or more constructed on the Sea of Japan side using the block of the present invention. In the drawing, the part indicated by the broken line is the 1/4 point of the maximum wavelength. The maximum wavelength is the average value of the maximum wavelength and wave height statistically obtained by continuously measuring the wavelength and wave height at each port. This is the basis for strength calculations. According to conventional experiments and experience, it has been found that in areas with high water depth, especially in mounds with a depth of 15 m or more, the area with 1/4 wavelength of the maximum wavelength is the area where the most severe scour occurs.

11 is a caisson, 12 is a water surface, and 13 is crushed stone. A large weight block 14 was laid in front of the caisson base. In this embodiment, a concrete block having a horizontal protrusion on the upper surface was used, but any heavy concrete block such as a rectangular one or one having an upward protrusion may be used. 15 is a covering block, 6 is a shoe, and 7 is a through hole. The coating block 15 has a slope of 1:
2, but it is also possible to make the slope even steeper by about 1:1.5. 16 is a root stopper block to prevent the covering block 15 from slipping down. A sunken frame 17 is adjacent to this root stop block 16.
was buried. In this embodiment, the sinking frame 17 is a square type with horizontal bars on the bottom and sides, and the inside is filled with crushed stone. The position of this sinking frame 17 was about 2/3 of the breakwater side of the 1/4 point of the maximum wavelength. Crushed stone was further laid in front of sinking frame 17, leaving the ground as it was in front of the 1/4 point of the maximum wavelength. That is, the part indicated by the two-dot chain line in Fig. 3 is the initial ground.

A submersible frame is a wooden frame filled with stones that has been used since ancient times for flood control in rivers and other areas. Although this sinking frame was used in this embodiment, it may be made of wood like the conventional one, but it is preferable to use concrete and assemble it after all the members are cast into a flat plate.

After one year, the coating blocks of the present invention did not scatter and maintained the same shape as when they were installed, but the slope covered with the conventional irregularly shaped blocks had a gentle slope of 1:3, but was not affected by water pressure. Block scattering was observed. Furthermore, the area between the 1/4 point and the sinking frame 17 was dug deeply, but according to this example, due to the effect of the sinking frame, the area between the 1/4 point and the sinking frame 17 was dug deeply.
Further ahead of the four points, the scoured soil, crushed stones scattered by returning waves, and ground soil were integrated to form an integrated ground 10. Therefore, due to this unified ground 10, the returning waves also lost their scour power, and the topography as shown by the solid line in Figure 3 reached equilibrium, and the sinking frame remained stable forever.

〔effect〕

According to the present invention, it is possible to effectively cover the base and mound of a breakwater, thereby preventing the blocks from scattering, and making it possible to increase the angle of inclination, especially in the case of a steeply sloping surface, making it possible to create a safe breakwater economically. It can be constructed as follows.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1 is a perspective view seen from below, FIG. 2 is an assembled view seen from a slope showing a state of use, and FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a breakwater mound. In the drawing, numeral 1 is a column, 2 and 5 are side protrusions,
3 and 4 are sides, 6 is a shoe, 7 is a through hole, 11 is a caisson, 12 is a water surface, 13 is crushed stone, 14 is a weight block, 15 is a covering block, 16 is a root block, 17 is a sinking frame, 18 is a unified ground.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A column whose long sides include a bottom surface, a top surface, and both side surfaces,
A concrete block having a plurality of protrusions extending alternately from both sides, where a side protrusion extends from one side of the column, there is no side protrusion from the other side of the column. Not only has it not been extended,
When two or more pillars are arranged in parallel, the tips of the side protrusions touch or come close to the side surfaces of the adjacent pillars,
A concrete block for ground covering in which the pillars are arranged parallel to each other with protrusions in between. 2 A column whose long sides are the bottom, top, and both sides,
A concrete block with a plurality of protrusions extending alternately from both sides, where the side protrusions extend from one side of the column, there are no side protrusions from the other side of the column. does not extend, and when two or more pillars are arranged in parallel, the tips of the side protrusions touch or come close to the side surfaces of the adjacent pillars, and the pillars are parallel to each other through the projections. A concrete block for ground covering that is arranged side by side and has a through hole bored in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the side projections of the column extend. 3. The concrete block for ground covering according to claim 2, wherein the area of the bottom surface of the through hole is larger than the area of the top surface.