JPH0520691B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0520691B2 JPH0520691B2 JP13986289A JP13986289A JPH0520691B2 JP H0520691 B2 JPH0520691 B2 JP H0520691B2 JP 13986289 A JP13986289 A JP 13986289A JP 13986289 A JP13986289 A JP 13986289A JP H0520691 B2 JPH0520691 B2 JP H0520691B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- indenter
- load
- hardness
- displacement
- sample
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004840 adhesive resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006223 adhesive resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007542 hardness measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〓産業上の利用分野〓
本発明は、圧子に試験荷重を負荷し、その時の
圧子の試料表面への押込み深さから試料の硬さを
求める硬度計に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a hardness tester that applies a test load to an indenter and determines the hardness of the sample from the depth of indentation of the indenter into the sample surface.
〓従来の技術〓
圧子の押込み深さから硬度を求める硬度計で
は、あらかじめ設定されている荷重を圧子に負荷
して試料表面に押込み、圧子が試料表面と接触し
てからの変位を押込み深さとして試料硬度を算出
している。この場合、荷重による負荷系の機械的
たわみについては、再現性があるので、予備的測
定又は試験を行なつてこれらの変位／荷重に対す
る比例係数を求めておき、この係数を用いて硬度
値を補正している。〓Conventional technology〓 In a hardness tester that calculates hardness from the indentation depth of an indenter, a preset load is applied to the indenter and the indenter is injected into the sample surface, and the displacement after the indenter contacts the sample surface is calculated as the indentation depth. The sample hardness is calculated as follows. In this case, since the mechanical deflection of the loading system due to the load is reproducible, preliminary measurements or tests are performed to determine the proportionality coefficient for these displacements/loads, and this coefficient is used to calculate the hardness value. It is being corrected.
〓発明が解決しようとする課題〓
しかしながら、実際の硬度測定では、試料自身
のたわみも生じており、特に超低荷重形の超微小
硬度計では、試料自身のたわみが問題となるが、
このたわみについては補正手段が講じられていな
いという問題点があつた。すなわち、試料のたわ
みについては、試料台への取付け状態によつて変
化するので、接着剤などを使用して取付けた場合
や、表面層が硬く、内部が軟質な試料の試験で
は、試料自身のたわみを補正しないと正確な硬度
が算出できないことになる。〓Problem to be solved by the invention〓 However, in actual hardness measurement, the sample itself is deflected, and especially with ultra-low load type ultra-micro hardness meters, the deflection of the sample itself is a problem.
There was a problem in that no corrective measures were taken for this deflection. In other words, the deflection of the sample changes depending on how it is attached to the sample stand, so when it is attached using adhesive or when testing a sample with a hard surface layer and a soft interior, the deflection of the sample itself may change. Unless the deflection is corrected, accurate hardness cannot be calculated.
〓課題を解決するための手段〓
本発明では上記課題を解決するために、次のよ
うな構成を採用した。<Means for Solving the Problems> In order to solve the above problems, the present invention employs the following configuration.
すなわち、本発明にかかる硬度計は、圧子と、
該圧子に試験荷重を負荷する負荷手段と、圧子の
変位を検出する圧子変位量検出手段とを備え、前
記負荷手段によつて圧子に加えられる荷重をＰ、
この荷重に対応して検出される圧子の変位をｄ、
真の押込み深さをd0、荷重負荷時の変位荷重比例
定数をＫ、圧子の形状によつて決定される定数を
〓、動的硬度をDH0とするとき、
DH0＝〓Ｐ／d0 2
＝Ｐ／（ｄ−KP）2
の計算式に基づいて、前記比例定数Ｋを最小自乗
法により算出し、試料の動的硬度DH0を演算す
る演算手段が設けられていることを特徴としてい
る。 That is, the hardness meter according to the present invention includes an indenter,
The indenter is equipped with a loading means for applying a test load to the indenter, and an indenter displacement detection means for detecting displacement of the indenter, and the load applied to the indenter by the loading means is P,
The displacement of the indenter detected in response to this load is d,
When the true indentation depth is d 0 , the displacement load proportional constant when applying a load is K, the constant determined by the shape of the indenter is 〓, and the dynamic hardness is DH 0 , DH 0 =〓P/d 0 2 =P/(d-KP) 2 Based on the calculation formula, the proportionality constant K is calculated by the least squares method, and a calculation means is provided for calculating the dynamic hardness DH 0 of the sample. It is said that
〓作用〓
一般に試料の動的硬度DH0は負荷重Ｐにおけ
る圧子の真の押込み深さd0に対して、
DH0＝〓Ｐ／d0 2（〓は圧子による定数）として
表わされるが、測定された圧子の押込み深さｄに
含まれる機械的たわみ、試料のたわみ、試料を取
付ける際の接着樹脂層のたわみ等を補正するため
の変位荷重比例定数をＫとすると、d0はd0＝ｄ−
KPとなる。〓Effect〓 In general, the dynamic hardness DH 0 of the sample is expressed as DH 0 =〓P/d 0 2 (〓 is a constant due to the indenter) with respect to the true indentation depth d 0 of the indenter under the load P. If K is the displacement load proportionality constant for correcting the mechanical deflection included in the measured indentation depth d, the deflection of the sample, the deflection of the adhesive resin layer when attaching the sample, etc., then d 0 is d 0 =d-
Becomes KP.
そこで、式DH0＝〓Ｐ／（ｄ−KP）2を用い、
試験開始後の任意の測定点における荷重と圧子変
位のデータから最小自乗法によつて比例係数Ｋと
真の動的硬度DH0が求められる。 Therefore, using the formula DH 0 =〓P/(d-KP) 2 ,
The proportionality coefficient K and the true dynamic hardness DH 0 are determined by the least squares method from the load and indenter displacement data at arbitrary measurement points after the start of the test.
〓実施例〓
第１図は本発明の１実施例装置の構成を示す図
である。この硬度計は超微小硬度計として構成さ
れており、枠体２０内の荷重装置１は、中央部を
ナイフエツジ３により支持された天秤２の一端に
圧子５が設けられ、他端には電磁コイル６と協動
して電磁力を発生する鉄心７が設けられた可変式
負荷装置として構成されている。圧子５は天秤２
に設けれた天秤棹８の先端に取り付けられ、圧子
５の上部には圧子５の変位量を検出する差動トラ
ンス式の変位検出器１０が設けられている。Embodiment FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. This hardness tester is constructed as an ultra-micro hardness tester, and a loading device 1 in a frame 20 is equipped with an indenter 5 at one end of a balance 2 whose central part is supported by a knife edge 3, and an electromagnetic at the other end. It is configured as a variable load device provided with an iron core 7 that generates electromagnetic force in cooperation with a coil 6. Indenter 5 is balance 2
A differential transformer type displacement detector 10 is attached to the tip of a balance rod 8 provided at the top of the indenter 5 and detects the amount of displacement of the indenter 5.
荷重装置１は、負荷電流供給装置１６から供給
される負荷電流で生ずる電磁コイル６の電磁力に
よつて荷重を増減させるもので、試料台１３上に
載置された試料１４へ圧子を介して伝えられる荷
重を任意に増加し、減少、停止させることができ
る。したがつて、該天秤のバランスをくずして圧
子５を試料表面に押し込む際に供給される負荷電
流を計測することにより負荷時の荷重をリアルタ
イムで計測することができる。 The loading device 1 increases or decreases the load by the electromagnetic force of the electromagnetic coil 6 generated by the load current supplied from the load current supply device 16. The transmitted load can be increased, decreased, or stopped at will. Therefore, by unbalancing the balance and measuring the load current supplied when the indenter 5 is pushed into the sample surface, the load at the time of loading can be measured in real time.
荷重をかけている間、圧子５によつて押し付け
られた試料１４表面での変位検出器１０によつて
検出される。変位検出器によつて検出された変位
量、すなわち圧子５の移動量検出信号は、増幅器
１５で増幅され、Ａ／Ｄ変換器１７を介して
CPU１８へ送られる。このため、ある荷重下で
の変位もリアルタイムで計測される。これら荷
重、変位データはRAM２０で記憶されるととも
に、CPU１８で後述のように演算処理されて試
料の硬度が求められる。また、Ｉ／Ｏ装置２１を
介して第２図に示す押込み深さ−荷重曲線がXY
プロツタ２２によつて描かれる。 While the load is being applied, displacement on the surface of the sample 14 pressed by the indenter 5 is detected by the displacement detector 10. The displacement amount detected by the displacement detector, that is, the movement amount detection signal of the indenter 5 is amplified by the amplifier 15 and sent via the A/D converter 17.
Sent to CPU 18. Therefore, displacement under a certain load is also measured in real time. These load and displacement data are stored in the RAM 20, and are processed by the CPU 18 as described later to determine the hardness of the sample. In addition, the indentation depth-load curve shown in FIG.
Drawn by plotter 22.
FPU１８は荷重、変位データに基づいて採用
された真の動的硬度DH0を求める基本式、
DH0＝〓Ｐ／d0 2＝〓Ｐ／（ｄ−KP） ……(1)
により演算処理を行なう。ここに〓は圧子の形状
によつて決定される定数、Ｐは負荷重（gf）、ｄ
は変位測定値、d0は真の押込み深さ、Ｋは負荷系
のたわみ、試料自身のたわみ、試料の接着部の接
着樹脂層のたわみ等を補正する変位荷重比例定数
である。したがつて、第３図に示すように、測定
値ｄに対してたわみKPを減ずることにより真の
押込み深さd0が求められる。（d0＝ｄ−KP）。 The FPU 18 performs arithmetic processing using the basic formula for determining the true dynamic hardness DH 0 based on load and displacement data: DH 0 =〓P/d 0 2 =〓P/(d-KP)...(1) Do the following. Here, 〓 is a constant determined by the shape of the indenter, P is the load weight (gf), and d
is the measured displacement value, d 0 is the true indentation depth, and K is a displacement load proportionality constant that corrects the deflection of the loading system, the deflection of the sample itself, the deflection of the adhesive resin layer of the bonded part of the sample, etc. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, the true indentation depth d 0 can be found by subtracting the deflection KP from the measured value d. ( d0 =d-KP).
計算方法について説明すれば以下の通りであ
る。 The calculation method is explained below.
まず、(1)式から、
K2P2−2KPd−（〓／DH0）Ｐ＋d2
＝０ ……(2)
したがつて
K2〓P2＝2K〓Pd−（〓／DH0）〓Ｐ
＋〓d2＝０ ……(3)
K2〓P2d−2K2〓Pd2
−（〓／DH0）〓Pd＋〓d3＝０ ……(4)
最小自乗法に基づき、(3)，(4)式より、任意の測
定点におけるデータＰ，ｄより〓Ｐ，〓P2，〓
Pd，〓Pd2，〓d2，〓d3等を算出し、深さ−荷重
曲線を２次近似してその２次項の係数から比例定
数Ｋ、硬度DH0を算出する。 ＫはK1，K2の２
個の解が存在するが、DH0が正という条件のも
のが選ばれる。 First, from equation (1), K 2 P 2 −2KPd−(〓/DH 0 )P+d 2 =0 ……(2) Therefore, K 2 〓P 2 =2K〓Pd−(〓/DH 0 )〓 P + 〓d 2 = 0 ……(3) K 2 〓P 2 d−2K 2 〓Pd 2 −(〓/DH 0 )〓Pd+〓d 3 =0 ……(4) Based on the method of least squares, ( From equations 3) and (4), from data P and d at any measurement point, 〓P, 〓P 2 , 〓
Pd, 〓Pd 2 , 〓d 2 , 〓d 3, etc. are calculated, and the depth-load curve is quadratic approximated, and the proportionality constant K and hardness DH 0 are calculated from the coefficient of the quadratic term. K is 2 of K 1 and K 2
There are solutions, but the one with the condition that DH 0 is positive is selected.
かかる算出方法の他に計算方法はないが、P1，
P2の２つの荷重条件から次の(5)，(6)式によつて
求めることも可能である。 There is no calculation method other than this calculation method, but P 1 ,
It is also possible to obtain it from the two load conditions of P 2 using the following equations (5) and (6).
K2P1 2−2KP1d1
−（〓／DH0）P1＋d1 2＝０ ……(5)
KP2 2−2KP2d2
−（〓／DH0）P2＋d2 2＝０ ……(6)
このように、上記実施例装置によれば、負荷部
機械系のたわみ、試料台のたわみ、試料取付け部
の接着樹脂層のたわみ、試料自身のたわみ等を補
正した真の押込み深さを求めることができ、正確
な試料の動的硬さを求めることができる。また、
内部が柔らかい試料の表面硬度の測定、試料内部
の弾性変形量の補正等も行なうことができる。K 2 P 1 2 −2KP 1 d 1 − (〓/DH 0 ) P 1 + d 1 2 = 0 ……(5) KP 2 2 −2KP 2 d 2 − (〓/DH 0 ) P 2 + d 2 2 = 0 ... (6) In this way, according to the above-mentioned example device, the true value is calculated by correcting the deflection of the mechanical system of the load section, the deflection of the sample stage, the deflection of the adhesive resin layer of the sample mounting section, the deflection of the sample itself, etc. The indentation depth can be determined, and the dynamic hardness of the sample can be determined accurately. Also,
It is also possible to measure the surface hardness of a sample with a soft interior, and to correct the amount of elastic deformation inside the sample.
〓発明の効果〓
上記説明から明らかなように、本発明にかかる
硬度計によれば、試料自身のたわみも補正した上
で試料の動的硬度を正確に求めることができるよ
うになた。また、表面層が硬く内部の柔らかい試
料の表面硬度も正確に測定することができるよう
になつた。Effects of the Invention As is clear from the above description, the hardness meter according to the present invention makes it possible to accurately determine the dynamic hardness of a sample after also correcting the deflection of the sample itself. In addition, it has become possible to accurately measure the surface hardness of samples that have a hard surface layer and a soft interior.
第１図は本発明の実施例である超微小硬度計の
構成を示す模式図、第２図は実施例における押込
み深さ−荷重曲線を示す図、第３図は補正式を説
明する図である。
１……負荷装置、２……天秤、５……圧子、６
……電磁コイル（荷重発生手段）、１０……変位
検出器、１８……PCU（硬度値演算手段）。
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of an ultra-microhardness meter that is an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the indentation depth-load curve in the embodiment, and Fig. 3 is a diagram explaining the correction formula. It is. 1... Load device, 2... Balance, 5... Indenter, 6
... Electromagnetic coil (load generation means), 10 ... Displacement detector, 18 ... PCU (hardness value calculation means).
Claims (1)
段と、圧子の変位を検出する圧子変位量検出手段
とを備え、前記負荷手段によつて圧子に加えられ
る荷重をＰ、この荷重に対応して検出される圧子
の変位をｄ、真の押込み深さをd0、荷重負荷時の
変位荷重比例定数をＫ、圧子の形状によつて決定
される定数を〓、動的硬度をDH0とするとき、 DH0＝〓Ｐ／d0 2 ＝Ｐ／（ｄ−KP）2 の計算式に基づいて、前記比例定数Ｋを最小自乗
法により算出し、試料の動的硬度DH0を演算す
る演算手段が設けられていることを特徴とする硬
度計。[Scope of Claims] 1. An indenter comprising: an indenter, a loading means for applying a test load to the indenter, and an indenter displacement amount detecting means for detecting displacement of the indenter, the load applied to the indenter by the loading means being P , the displacement of the indenter detected in response to this load is d, the true indentation depth is d 0 , the displacement load proportional constant when the load is applied is K, the constant determined by the shape of the indenter is 〓, the dynamic When the physical hardness of the specimen is DH 0 , the proportionality constant K is calculated by the least squares method based on the calculation formula DH 0 =〓P/d 0 2 =P/(d-KP) 2 , and the dynamic A hardness meter characterized by being provided with calculation means for calculating hardness DH 0 .
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP13986289A JPH034138A (en) | 1989-05-31 | 1989-05-31 | Ultramicro-hardness meter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP13986289A JPH034138A (en) | 1989-05-31 | 1989-05-31 | Ultramicro-hardness meter |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH034138A JPH034138A (en) | 1991-01-10 |
| JPH0520691B2 true JPH0520691B2 (en) | 1993-03-22 |
Family
ID=15255275
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP13986289A Granted JPH034138A (en) | 1989-05-31 | 1989-05-31 | Ultramicro-hardness meter |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH034138A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013540275A (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2013-10-31 | セルガード エルエルシー | Penetration and / or compression test system and method |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4863473B2 (en) * | 2005-10-31 | 2012-01-25 | 独立行政法人物質・材料研究機構 | Indentation curve creation method and hardness test method |
-
1989
- 1989-05-31 JP JP13986289A patent/JPH034138A/en active Granted
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013540275A (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2013-10-31 | セルガード エルエルシー | Penetration and / or compression test system and method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH034138A (en) | 1991-01-10 |
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