JPH05205776A - Chemical battery and electric power storage system - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enhance the reliability of a battery by making a positive and a negative terminal conductive only when negative electrode active material is raised up to temperature equal to or more than its melting point, if the chemical battery is made up of a positive electrode region filled with positive electrode active material within a container, a negative electrode region filled with negative electrode active material within the container, and of solid electrolyte interposed between the aforesaid regions. CONSTITUTION:Na is filled in a Na electrode acting as a negative electrode as follows, the Na electrode is evacuated first, Na is filled in the uppermost section of a negative electrode container 4 by way of the uppermost section of a Na injection and electric current collection tube 8, and a filling port is hermetically sealed after filling has been over. The Na side tip end section of a negative electrode terminal 10 is then inserted into the electric current collection tube 8 thereafter. In this case, the tip end of the terminal 10 is so defined in dimension that its does not reach the level of Na. Namely, the length of the terminal 10 and the filling quantity of Na are adjusted in such a way that the container 4 acting as the terminal 10 and Na are in a non-contact condition. This thereby allows the level of Na within the electric current collection tube 8 to be positioned as indicated by the dotted line of a code number 12 at temperatures less than battery operating temperature without being brought into contact with the tip end of the terminal, and if temperature is equal to or more than battery operating temperature, the level is allowed to rise up to a position indicated by the solid line of a code number 13, so that electricity is conducted to the terminal 10.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a chemical battery for storing a large amount of electric power for nighttime electric power storage or an electric vehicle, and more particularly to a chemical battery such as a Na / molten salt battery having high reliability and safety.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Na / molten salt batteries include Na / S batteries,
There are many Na / FeCl batteries and Na / Se batteries.
Since it is a problem common to each of these batteries, Na / S
A battery will be described as an example. Since the Na / S battery can store a large amount of power, it can store excess power at night,
It can be used as a battery for an electric vehicle.
However, there are problems that must be solved before putting them into practical use. One of them is a solid electrolyte (usually a β-alumina tube or a β ″ -alumina tube is used) that defines sodium Na (negative electrode active material) and sulfur S (positive electrode active material) of a Na / S battery. If the solid electrolyte is damaged, not only will the positive electrode active material and negative electrode active material not react directly inside the battery to take out power, but in the worst case Therefore, the conventional Na / s battery is not disclosed in JP-A-2-98068 and JP-A-2-1038.
As described in Japanese Patent No. 69, when the solid electrolyte is damaged, Na and S
A metal tube or the like is provided so that the electric circuit system in the battery is melted off by the heat of direct reaction with and so as to prevent adverse effects on other Na / S batteries connected in parallel.

[0003]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In the above-mentioned prior art, when a solid electrolyte is damaged in one of a large number of batteries connected in parallel, the damaged battery is prevented in order to prevent adverse effects on the other batteries. This is to avoid electrical short circuit inside and not to prevent damage to the solid electrolyte itself. The details of what causes the solid electrolyte to break are still unknown, but its outline will be described below.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a general structure of a Na / S battery. For example, the negative electrode active material (Na) is passed through the solid electrolyte tube 1 composed of a β-alumina tube or a β ″ -alumina tube.
7 and the positive electrode active material (S) 5 face each other, and the negative electrode active material and the negative electrode container 4 are provided in order to extract the electric power generated in the battery reaction.
An electrical conductor is connected between and. In the negative electrode (Na electrode), the Na injection tube / current collector tube 8 serves as an electric conductor, and in the positive electrode (S electrode), the auxiliary conductive material (graphite felt put together with the positive electrode active material) 6 serves as an electric conductor. Fulfill

Therefore, even if the temperature is lower than the operating temperature of the battery, if the S pole and the Na pole of the battery are short-circuited, the electric circuit in the battery becomes conductive,
Short circuit current flows. When producing a single battery, assembling a battery, or assembling an assembled battery in which single batteries are assembled, a situation occurs in which the batteries are short-circuited. Furthermore, if the measurement line is connected to the battery to measure the assembled battery, the battery is inevitably short-circuited. The state at the time of short circuit will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. Na7 moves in the solid electrolyte tube wall 1 in the cation state from the negative electrode side to the positive electrode side.
The Na ions receive electrons at the interface between the solid electrolyte tube 1 and the positive electrode, and are neutralized (hereinafter referred to as Na dendrite). When Na becomes a cation at the negative electrode and passes from the auxiliary conductive material 6 to the positive electrode container 3, electrons flow from the negative electrode to the positive electrode container 3 through an external circuit (when the external load 28 is in a short circuit state). Since the positive electrode active material sulfur (S) 5 does not have electron conductivity, electrons are supplied at the location 29 where the auxiliary conductive material 6 is in contact with the solid electrolyte tube wall 1.

The state of contact between the solid electrolyte 1 and the auxiliary conductive material 6 will be described. When the auxiliary conductive material 6 comes into contact with almost the entire surface of the solid electrolyte 1, sulfur generated by the charging reaction when the battery is charged is deposited on the entire surface of the solid electrolyte 1. Since sulfur is an insulator, charging overvoltage occurs and charging becomes impossible. On the other hand, if the auxiliary conductive material 6 does not come into contact with the solid electrolyte 1, the battery cannot be discharged. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the state where the solid electrolyte 1 and the auxiliary conductive material 6 are locally in contact with each other. Sulfur (S), which is the positive electrode active material, is solid at 119 ° C. or lower and is in close contact with the surface of the solid electrolyte 1.
Neutralized Na cannot freely flow out from the solid electrolyte tube 1. The atom diameter of neutralized Na is almost twice as large as the diameter of Na cation. Therefore, the solid electrolyte 1
When Na is neutralized inside and Na dendrite is generated, it is considered that the solid electrolyte 1 is damaged by the expansion pressure. Once Na dendrite is formed, Na becomes more electrically conductive due to Na, and the electric current is further concentrated. The open circuit voltage of the short-circuited battery is lowered.

Further, when the external load 28 is connected and a current is passed in the direction shown in FIG. 7, the damage of the solid electrolyte 1 naturally expands and the solid electrolyte 1 is damaged. A specific example of generating such an acceleration current is when a voltage in the same direction is applied to the battery to check electrical insulation or resistance when connecting and wiring a single battery or an assembled battery, or serially connected to the target battery. It is conceivable that current may flow from the charged battery.

Once the solid electrolyte 1 is damaged, a direct reaction between Na and S occurs in a high temperature state, and the heat generated by the reaction may damage the battery container. In order to ensure the safety of the battery, it is important to prevent damage to the solid electrolyte.

[0009] Therefore, the Na / S battery is configured such that the battery unit is short-circuited at a temperature lower than the operating temperature, or the batteries whose open circuit voltage is lowered due to the short-circuit are connected in parallel and parallel to each other to form an assembled battery. It is not desirable to apply a voltage to check the electrical insulation of the connection wiring of the assembled battery, the resistance, etc. from the viewpoint of maintaining the soundness of the solid electrolyte. Na / S
Below the operating temperature of the battery (below the chargeable / dischargeable temperature, eg Na
If the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery are short-circuited, the electric circuit in the battery becomes conductive, the solid electrolyte is damaged, and the open circuit voltage is also lowered. When such a battery is actually used, it is necessary to solve the problem of damage to the solid electrolyte because it is connected in series and parallel to form a power storage plant or the like as an assembled battery. However, there is also a problem that a voltage cannot be applied to check the electrical insulation during connection wiring of the assembled battery.

The object of the present invention is to provide a safe and highly reliable N-cell, no matter what kind of electrical handling is performed below the battery operating temperature.
a / To provide a chemical battery such as a molten salt battery and an electric power storage system.

[0011]

The above object is to provide a container, a positive electrode region in the container filled with a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode region in the container filled with a negative electrode active material, the positive electrode region and the negative electrode region. In a chemical battery including a solid electrolyte disposed between the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal connected to the respective regions, the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal are electrically connected at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the negative electrode active material. This is achieved by providing a switch mechanism that brings the device into a conductive state.

A power storage system can be achieved by connecting a plurality of the above chemical batteries.

[0013]

When the temperature is lower than the operating temperature of the battery, the circuit inside the battery does not conduct due to the opening of the switch. The switch closes and the circuit inside the battery becomes conductive only when the battery operating temperature is reached. This prevents the generation of Na dendrites.

[0014]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows Na / according to an embodiment of the present invention.
It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an S battery. The Na / S battery has a positive electrode container 3
Between the negative electrode container 4 and the solid electrolyte (β ″ -alumina)
A tube 1 and an electric insulating material (α-alumina) 2 are provided to serve as a separator and an electrolyte. The solid electrolyte tube 1 and the Na injection tube / current collector tube 8 are filled with a negative electrode active material (Na) 7 (the solid electrolyte tube 1 contains Na of the Na injection tube / current collector tube 8).
It is supplied through the supply hole 11. ), These constitute a negative electrode. On the other hand, the positive electrode is formed by filling an auxiliary conductive material (graphite felt) 6 and a positive electrode active material (S) 5 between the solid electrolyte tube 1 and the positive electrode container 3.

To fill the Na electrode (negative electrode) with Na, the Na electrode is evacuated and then filled from the uppermost portion of the negative electrode container 4 through the uppermost portion of the Na injection tube / current collector tube 8. After filling, the filling port is hermetically sealed. After the filling, the Na-side tip portion of the negative electrode terminal 10 is in a state of being inserted into the Na injection tube / current collector tube 8. At this time, the tip of the negative electrode terminal 10 is dimensioned so as not to reach the Na liquid surface when the temperature is lower than the battery operating temperature. That is, the length of the negative electrode terminal 10 and the filling amount of Na are adjusted so that the negative electrode container 4 (negative electrode terminal 10) and Na do not contact each other.
That is, at the battery operating temperature or lower, the Na liquid level in the Na injecting tube / current collecting tube 8 is at the dotted line position indicated by reference numeral 12 and is not in contact with the negative electrode terminal 10. Temperature is 30 for battery operation
When the temperature is raised from 0 ° C to 350 ° C, the melting point of Na (98 ° C)
Na melts and expands 2.7% in volume.
Since the volume expansion of about 7% occurs when the temperature is raised to 0 ° C., the Na liquid level of the negative electrode rises to the position indicated by the solid line 13 and comes into contact with the negative electrode terminal 10. As a result, the Na electrode is in a conductive state (resistance value is 1 mΩ or less), and charging / discharging becomes possible. At this time, Na in the Na injecting tube / current collecting tube 8 becomes a state in which the battery current can flow with a low resistance as an electric conductor. The Na injection tube / current collector tube 8 used in this example has an inner diameter of 15
mm. When the battery temperature is lowered, the Na liquid level is lowered, and at the battery operating temperature or lower, the liquid level becomes the position indicated by reference numeral 12 and the inside of the battery returns to the insulating state. This switching function is not impaired even if the temperature of the battery is raised and lowered repeatedly.

Next, the behavior of Na at the Na electrode due to the charge / discharge reaction will be described. The reaction at the time of charging / discharging in the Na / S battery is as follows. When charging 2Na + xS ← Na ₂ Sx When discharging 2Na + xS → Na ₂ Sx Discharge reaction causes Na to pass through the solid electrolyte tube 1,
The Na liquid level in the tube drops from the liquid level 14 at the beginning of discharge to the liquid level 15 at the end of discharge. On the other hand, in the charging reaction, the dissociated N
Since a permeates the solid electrolyte tube 1 in the opposite direction, N in the tube
The liquid level is from liquid level 15 at the beginning of charging to liquid level 14 at the end of charging.
Reach However, during this charging / discharging, the Na liquid level in the Na injecting tube / current collecting tube 8 is kept constant at the liquid level 13.

FIG. 8 shows that the internal resistance of the battery according to the structure of this embodiment can be reduced. In the battery of the type shown in FIG. 2, the Na liquid level in the solid electrolyte tube 1 decreases as the discharge progresses, and at the same time, the Na in the Na injection tube / current collector tube 8
The liquid level also drops (because the bottom of the tube 8 is open). Therefore, the internal resistance increases in inverse proportion to the decrease in the Na liquid level. On the other hand, in the battery of the type shown in FIG. 1, since the liquid level of Na filled in the Na injection tube / current collector tube 8 is constant, the resistance of the Na electrode is small and stably maintained. In this embodiment, stainless steel is used as the material of the injection tube / current collector tube 8 in consideration of corrosion resistance in Na. According to the battery structure of the present embodiment, since the inside of the battery does not conduct at the battery operating temperature or lower, the Na dendrite is not formed, and since Na is used as the switch means, the devices to be mounted in the battery are Further, the battery has a small amount, and since the internal resistance of the battery is low, it is possible to reduce energy loss during charging and discharging, and it is possible to realize a highly efficient battery.

FIG. 3 shows Na / according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
It is a block diagram of an S battery. In this embodiment, the thermal expansion of gas is utilized to realize the temperature detection function and the switch function. The negative electrode terminal 10 is electrically joined to the movable contact 29 via the expansion container 27 with a bellows. The expansion container 27 with bellows is filled with an inert gas.
At a low temperature below the battery operating temperature, the inert gas is contracted, and as a result, the movable contact is suspended at the position 26 shown by the dotted line. That is, the Na electrode is in an insulating state. When the temperature rises and the battery reaches the operating temperature, the expansion container 2
Since the atmosphere outside 7 is a vacuum, the inert gas in the expansion container 27 expands to expand the bellows portion, and the movable contact 29 comes into contact with the fixed contact 21 fixed to the collector tube 8. As a result, the Na electrode becomes conductive and the battery can be charged and discharged. The bellows-equipped expansion container 27 may be replaced by using a substance having a large coefficient of thermal expansion, instead of the bellows structure. Further, the fixed contact 21 is, as shown in FIG.
You may utilize a as a conductor of a contact. According to this embodiment, the expansion of the gas or the thermal expansion of the contact material is used for the temperature detecting means and the switching means, so that the reliability is high.

FIG. 4 shows Na / according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
It is a block diagram of an S battery. N in the embodiment shown in FIG.
Instead of the temperature detection function and the switch function utilizing the thermal expansion of a, the bimetal temperature detection function and the switch function are utilized. A bimetal 16 electrically connected to the negative electrode terminal 10 is provided, and a contact 18 is provided at the tip thereof. At a temperature lower than the battery operating temperature, the contact 18 is not in contact with the inner surface of the Na injection tube / current collector tube 8, and the bimetal 16 is at the position 17. When the temperature rises and the battery reaches operating temperature,
The bimetal 16 moves to the position 18 and the contact 18 contacts the current collector tube 8. As a result, the negative electrode terminal 10 and the Na injection tube / current collector tube 8 are electrically connected. As a result, the Na electrode becomes conductive and the battery can be charged and discharged. According to this embodiment, since the bimetal is used for the temperature detecting means and the switch means, the reliability is high.

FIG. 5 shows Na / S according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
It is a block diagram of a battery. Instead of the temperature detection function and the switch function of the bimetal shown in FIG. 4, the temperature detection function and the switch function using the deformation at the transformation temperature of the shape memory alloy are utilized. A shape memory alloy 19 electrically connected to the negative electrode terminal 10 is provided, and a contact 18 is provided at the tip thereof. At a temperature lower than the battery operating temperature, the contact 18 is not in contact with the inner surface of the Na injection tube / current collector tube 8, and the shape memory alloy 19 is at the position 20. When the temperature rises and the battery reaches the operating temperature, the shape memory alloy 19 deforms and the contact 18 becomes Na.
It contacts the injection tube and collector tube 8. As a result, the Na electrode becomes conductive and the battery can be charged and discharged. According to this embodiment, since the shape memory alloy is used for the temperature detecting means and the switch means, the structure is simple and the reliability is high.

FIG. 6 shows Na / S according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
It is a block diagram of a battery. In this embodiment, the Curie point of the permanent magnet is used to realize the temperature detection function and the switch function. The fixed contact portion 1 is provided inside the collector tube 8 of the negative electrode terminal 10.
0a is provided and the movable contact 22 is made of a permanent magnet. The movable contact 22 is connected to one end of a spring 24, and the other end of the spring is connected to a member 25 made of a magnetic material and fixed to the collector tube 8. The movable contact 22 and the member 25 are attracted to each other by the attractive force of the permanent magnet. At a temperature lower than the battery operating temperature, the movable contact 22 is moved to the fixed contact portion 10 by the attractive force of the permanent magnet that overcomes the elastic force of the spring 24.
It leaves a and is in a state of being suspended at the position 23. Therefore, the Na electrode is in an insulating state. When the temperature rises and the battery reaches the operating temperature, the temperature of the permanent magnet of the movable contact 22 exceeds the Curie point. Therefore, the movable contact 22 is fixed due to its own weight and the elastic force of the spring 24 toward the fixed contact portion 10a. It contacts the part 10a. As a result, the Na electrode becomes conductive and the battery can be charged and discharged. In this embodiment, iron / nickel alloy is used as the permanent magnet.
The Curie point can be freely controlled by the nickel content. According to this embodiment, since the Curie point of the magnet is used as the temperature detecting means, it is accurate and highly reliable.

FIG. 9 shows Na / according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
It is a block diagram of an S battery. The battery of this embodiment is an example in which the temperature detection and switch functions are not self-actuated. Collector electrode 4
As 0, a conductor whose surface is coated with copper is used without using Na. A negative electrode contact 41 is provided inside the negative electrode terminal 10, and a negative electrode contact 4 is provided at the upper end of the collector electrode 40.
A member 41a that fits with one end is provided, and these are separated from each other when the battery is manufactured. When the negative electrode container 4 is pressed from top to bottom, the bellows 42 contract and the above two are fitted together. It is designed to make electrical contact. By this, N
The a pole becomes conductive and the battery can be charged and discharged. The timing of conduction may be manual operation or automatic operation by a timer or the like.

FIG. 10 shows Na according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
It is a block diagram of a / S battery. Like the sixth embodiment (FIG. 9), this embodiment also has a temperature detection function and a switch function that are not self-actuated. The collector electrode 40 uses a conductor whose surface is coated with copper without using Na. Collector electrode 40
A negative electrode contact 44 extending to the negative electrode container 4 to which the negative electrode terminal 10 is connected is provided at the upper end portion of the. At the time of manufacturing the battery, the negative electrode container 4 and the negative electrode contact 44 are separated from each other, and when the negative electrode contact 44 is brought into contact with the negative electrode container 4 by the attraction force of the electromagnet 45 (position indicated by reference numeral 43), the Na electrode is in a conductive state. Becomes This conduction is performed when the electromagnet is manually operated or automatically by a timer or the like. FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a Na / S battery according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
In this embodiment, the positive electrode active material 5 of the battery and the auxiliary conductive material are placed inside the solid electrolyte tube 1, and the negative electrode active material 7 is filled outside the solid electrolyte tube 1 and inside the negative electrode container 4. Then, the positive electrode active material 5
A bimetal for connecting the upper end of the collecting electrode 40 inserted into the positive electrode container 3 is provided. When the temperature is below the battery operating temperature, the contact 18 at the tip of the bimetal is separated from the collecting electrode 40 at the position of the dotted line 17. When the temperature rises and reaches the operating temperature, it moves to the position shown by the solid line 16 and the positive electrode terminal 9 and the collector electrode 40 are electrically connected.

FIG. 12 shows the Na / S battery 30 shown in FIG.
In this example, a plurality of power storage systems are connected in series and in parallel to form a power storage system (first embodiment). Battery group is thermostatic chamber 3
3 and are electrically connected to an external load 28. The battery temperature is raised by the heating gas 34 heated by the heating heater 35. The inside of the constant temperature bath 33 is agitated by the agitating fan 32, and the temperature inside the bath is maintained constant. The temperature is measured by the thermocouple type thermometer 31. In the system of the present embodiment, even if the bus bar 36 for battery connection comes into contact with another battery or the temperature measurement line comes into contact with a plurality of batteries, if the battery operating temperature or less There is no short-circuit current flowing through. Therefore, the solid electrolyte is not damaged and the battery group can be safely maintained. According to the present embodiment, no matter what kind of electrical handling is performed below the battery operating temperature, it is safe because the inside of the battery is insulated, and the handling, such as the production, assembly and disassembly of many battery assemblies, Checking the electrical insulation of the electrical wiring is dramatically facilitated, and not only the reliability is improved, but also the workability is improved and the power storage system leading to cost reduction can be obtained. FIG. 13 is a configuration diagram of the power storage system according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a plurality of batteries 37 shown in FIG. 2 are connected in series and in parallel. The battery groups are arranged in a constant temperature bath 33, and two switching elements 38 having a temperature detecting and switching function are provided at both ends of each series battery group, and are electrically connected to an external load 28. The structure of the switch element 38 is shown in FIG. This switch element 38 has a structure in which a connection portion with the negative electrode terminal 10 due to thermal expansion of Na of the Na / S battery shown in FIG. 1 is taken out. Of course, it is also possible to use the switch portion shown in FIGS. The battery temperature is raised by the heating gas 34 heated by the heating heater 35. The inside of the constant temperature bath 33 is agitated by the agitating fan 32 so that the temperature inside the bath is kept constant. The temperature is measured by a thermocouple type thermometer 31. In the system of the present embodiment, even if the bus bar 36 for battery connection comes into contact with another battery or housing, if the battery operating temperature or less, the two switch elements prevent the battery from short-circuiting. However, the short circuit current does not flow in the battery. Therefore, the solid electrolyte is not damaged and the battery group can be safely maintained. According to the present embodiment, even if the battery group is short-circuited at the battery operating temperature or lower, the battery circuit is partially insulated, so it is safe. It is possible to obtain a power storage system in which the electrical insulation check of wiring is dramatically easy. The power storage system of FIG. 13 includes a group of batteries connected in series and two switching elements 3
It is sandwiched by 8 to prevent adverse effects on other battery groups connected in series. In the power storage system (third embodiment) of FIG. 15, the switch element 38 is provided for each battery in series and parallel. In this embodiment, the switch element 38
However, there is an advantage that a short circuit in each battery does not adversely affect other batteries.

FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the power storage system. This embodiment is constructed by connecting a large number of non-self-actuating batteries shown in FIG. 10 in series and parallel. In this embodiment, a switch 46 is provided in the charge / discharge circuit,
Only when the switch 46 is closed when charging or discharging, the electromagnet 45 operates and each battery becomes conductive. Alternatively, a timer may be provided, and the electromagnet 45 may be activated to make each battery conductive after a lapse of a certain time after supplying electric power to the heating heater.

FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing a fifth embodiment of the power storage system. When the heated inert gas 34 is introduced into the constant temperature bath 33 to heat the battery, the gas detector 47 detects the introduction of the gas and brings each non-self-acting battery, for example, the battery 30 in FIG. To do. When nitrogen or argon gas is used as the inert gas, the gas detector 47 can relatively detect the increase in the concentration of these inert gases by detecting the decrease in the oxygen concentration in the thermostatic chamber 33. Therefore, an oxygen detector can be used. FIG.
FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram according to another embodiment of a chemical battery. The chemical battery of this embodiment is a manganese dry battery. The positive electrode 57 arranged on the central axis of the dry battery is divided into two parts (in the example shown, the positive electrode part is divided into two parts by the positive part protruding to the outside, and a space 60 is formed between the divided positive electrodes). Then, a bellows portion 58 is formed around the space 60 of the positive electrode terminal 48 that covers the outer protruding portion of the positive electrode 57. Therefore, in this dry battery, the positive electrode circuit is in a broken state. When this dry battery is used, the positive electrode terminal 48 is pressed in the direction of arrow 59 to crush the bellows portion 58 to eliminate the space 60 and the upper and lower positive electrodes are short-circuited. This brings the positive electrode circuit into the connected state. The pressing operation of the positive electrode can be automatically performed (by the user turning on the switch) in the circuit for operating the dry cell.

[0027]

According to the present invention, it is safe because the inside of the battery is insulated no matter what kind of electrical handling is performed below the battery operating temperature. In addition, handling, such as manufacturing, assembling and disassembling a large number of battery assemblies such as module batteries, and checking the electrical insulation of the electrical wiring are dramatically facilitated, which not only improves reliability but also improves workability. It leads to cost reduction.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a Na / S battery according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a general Na / S battery.

FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a Na / S battery according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of a Na / S battery according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of a Na / S battery according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of a Na / S battery according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of Na dendrite generation.

FIG. 8 is a graph showing the internal resistance of the present invention and a conventional Na / S battery.

FIG. 9 is a configuration diagram of a Na / S battery according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram of a Na / S battery according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram of a Na / S battery according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a configuration diagram of a first embodiment of an electric power storage system using the battery of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a configuration diagram of a second embodiment of an electric power storage system using the battery of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a configuration diagram of a switch element.

FIG. 15 is a configuration diagram of a third embodiment of an electric power storage system using the battery of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a configuration diagram of a fourth embodiment of an electric power storage system using the battery of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a configuration diagram of a fifth embodiment of an electric power storage system using the battery of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a configuration diagram of a dry battery according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Solid electrolyte tube (β "-alumina or the like), 2 ... Electrical insulating material (α-alumina or the like), 3 ... Positive electrode container, 4 ... Negative electrode container,
5 ... Positive electrode active material (S + Na2Sx), 6 ... Auxiliary conductive material (graphite felt), 7 ... Negative electrode active material (Na),
8 ... Na injection tube and current collecting tube, 9 ... Positive electrode terminal, 10 ... Negative electrode terminal, 11 ... Na supply hole, 12 ... N at battery operating temperature or lower
a liquid level, 13 ... Na liquid level above the battery operating temperature, 14 ...
Na level at the beginning of discharge, 15 ... Na level at the end of discharge, 16
... Bimetal (when battery is operating), 17 ... Bimetal (when battery operating temperature is below), 18 ... Contact, 19 ... Shape memory alloy (when battery operating), 20 ... Shape memory alloy (when battery operating temperature is below), 21 ... Fixed Contact points, 22 ... Movable contact point (when battery is operating), 23, 26 ... Movable contact point (at battery operating temperature or lower),
24 ... Spring, 25 ... Member, 27 ... Expansion container with bellows, 28 ... Load, 29 ... Na dendrite, 30, 3
7 ... Na / S battery, 31 ... Thermometer, 32 ... Stirring fan, 33
... Constant temperature bath, 34 ... Heating gas, 35 ... Heating heater, 36
... bus bar, 38 ... switch element, 39 ... electrode.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Naohisa Watabiki 1168 Moriyama-cho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture Hiritsu Manufacturing Co., Ltd.Energy Research Institute (72) Shigehiro Shimoyashiki 1168 Moriyama-cho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Hitsuritsu Corporation Inside the energy research institute

Claims (14)

[Claims] 1. A solid electrolyte disposed between a container, a positive electrode region filled with a positive electrode active material in the container, a negative electrode region filled with a negative electrode active material in the container, and the positive electrode region and the negative electrode region. And a chemical battery comprising a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal connected to each of the regions, a switch mechanism that electrically connects the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the negative electrode active material. A chemical battery provided with. 2. A container, a positive electrode region filled with a positive electrode active material in the container, a negative electrode region filled with a negative electrode active material in the container, and a solid electrolyte disposed between the positive electrode region and the negative electrode region. In a chemical battery including a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal connected to each of the regions, the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal are electrically insulated in the container at a temperature at which the positive electrode active material is in a solid state. A chemical battery comprising a switch mechanism for setting a state. 3. A container, a positive electrode region filled with a positive electrode active material in the container, a negative electrode region filled with a negative electrode active material in the container, and a solid electrolyte disposed between the positive electrode region and the negative electrode region. And a chemical battery including a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal connected to each of the regions, wherein a switch mechanism that provides an insulating state between the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal at least when the operation is stopped is provided. And a chemical battery. 4. A chemistry comprising a positive electrode terminal connected to the positive electrode active material and a negative electrode terminal connected to the positive electrode active material by separately filling the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material with a solid electrolyte in a container. A chemical battery, characterized in that a switch mechanism for connecting / insulating a positive electrode active material and a positive electrode terminal or connecting / insulating a negative electrode active material and a negative electrode terminal is provided in the container. 5. The chemical battery according to claim 4, wherein the switch mechanism is brought into a connected state only when the battery is activated. 6. The chemical battery according to claim 4, wherein the switch mechanism is in an insulating state when the battery is stopped. 7. The chemical battery according to claim 4, wherein the switch mechanism automatically becomes an insulating state at a temperature equal to or lower than the melting point of the negative electrode active material. 8. The chemical battery according to claim 4, wherein the switch mechanism is in an insulating state at a temperature at which the positive electrode active material is in a solid state. 9. The chemical battery according to claim 4, wherein the switch mechanism is brought into a connected state only after the temperature of the positive electrode active material rises to a liquid state. 10. An electric power storage system comprising a plurality of the chemical batteries according to claim 1 connected to each other. 11. A power storage system configured by connecting a plurality of single cells in which a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode active material are separated by a solid electrolyte and filled therein, and a negative electrode active material in a connection circuit of the single cells. A power storage system characterized by being configured by inserting a switch mechanism that cuts off circuit connection at temperatures below the melting point. 12. In a power storage system configured by connecting a plurality of single cells in which a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode active material are separated by a solid electrolyte and filled therein, the positive electrode active material is contained in a connection circuit of the single cells. A power storage system characterized by being configured by inserting a switch mechanism that disconnects a circuit at a solid state temperature. 13. A power storage system configured by connecting a plurality of single cells, in which a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode active material are separated by a solid electrolyte and filled therein, in a connection circuit of the single cells. A power storage system characterized by being configured by inserting a switch mechanism for connecting circuits only when the temperature becomes higher than the melting point. 14. A chemical battery for extracting electricity to the outside of a container by a chemical reaction of a substance filled in the container, which is provided with an electrode having an air gap in the middle and crushing the air gap during use to achieve electrical conduction. A chemical battery characterized by that.