JPH05203946A - Liquid crystal display element - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To attain uniform color and lightness in the driving and non-driving regions of a color compensated ECB type liq. crystal display element and to ensure excellent display quality. CONSTITUTION:In an ECB type liq. crystal display element, the difference between the retardation of a double refraction layer 11 formed between a liq. crystal layer 8 and one polarizer 9 and the retardation of the liq. crystal layer 8 is regulated to <=100nm. The retardation of the double refraction layer 11 in a region corresponding to the non-driving region of the liq. crystal cell is made higher than that of the layer 11 in a region corresponding to the driving region.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display element, and more particularly to an ECB (Electrically Controlled Birefringence) type liquid crystal display element in which a liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy is homogeneously aligned.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A so-called ECB type liquid crystal display device utilizing the electrically controlled birefringence effect of liquid crystal has a liquid crystal cell in which liquid crystal layers are sandwiched between upper and lower substrates so that liquid crystal molecules are homogeneously aligned. , A pair of polarizers are arranged on both sides of the liquid crystal cell so that the transmission axis or the absorption axis of the polarizer close to the liquid crystal layer and the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecule are displaced, and the birefringence of the liquid crystal molecule is utilized. The configuration is such that the liquid crystal cell is colored. Then, a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer to change the alignment state of the liquid crystal layer and change the display color.

To use a conventional ECB type liquid crystal display element as an optical shutter to perform monochrome display or color display using a color filter, the retardation of the liquid crystal layer (refractive index anisotropy of liquid crystal molecules and liquid crystal) is used. The product of layer thicknesses) should be small. However, if the retardation of the liquid crystal layer is reduced, the change in brightness due to the voltage in the vicinity of the threshold voltage is reduced, and sufficient contrast cannot be obtained during high time division driving.

Therefore, in recent years, the present inventors have established a birefringent layer having a retardation almost equal to the retardation of the liquid crystal layer between the liquid crystal cell and the polarizer, in the in-plane direction of the liquid crystal molecule alignment direction and the birefringent layer. Installed so that the directions of maximum refractive index are orthogonal to each other, the change in the polarization state due to the birefringence of the liquid crystal layer is compensated by the birefringent layer to enable black and white display, and the retardation of the liquid crystal layer is eliminated. ,
We are developing means to obtain sufficient contrast even in high time division driving.

The retardation of the liquid crystal layer in the region where the upper and lower electrodes intersect to drive the liquid crystal (driving region) is
It becomes smaller than the retardation in the area around which the liquid crystal is not driven (non-driving area). this is,
Since the upper and lower electrodes intersect in the driving region, the cell gap is smaller than that in the non-driving region by the film thickness of the electrodes, and since the voltage is applied to the liquid crystal in the driving region, the retardation of the liquid crystal is effective. This is because the value becomes smaller.

[0006]

As described above, in the conventional color-compensated ECB type liquid crystal display device, the driving area and the non-driving area are different in color and brightness, and display quality is deteriorated. is there. The present invention solves the above-mentioned drawbacks found in such an ECB type liquid crystal display element, and provides a liquid crystal display element having uniform color and brightness in a driving region and a non-driving region and having excellent display quality. With the goal.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is configured such that a pair of substrates provided with electrodes are homogeneously aligned with respect to the substrates when no voltage is applied. A liquid crystal layer comprising a liquid crystal composition having a dielectric anisotropy is provided, a pair of polarizers is provided so as to sandwich the liquid crystal layer, and the liquid crystal layer is provided between the liquid crystal layer and at least one polarizer. In a liquid crystal display device provided with a birefringent layer for compensating for the polarization state due to the birefringence, the retardation of the birefringent layer has a retardation difference of 1
The retardation of the birefringent layer in the region corresponding to the non-driving region of the liquid crystal cell is set to be 00 nm or less, and is larger than the retardation of the birefringent layer in the region corresponding to the driving region. It is what

In the present invention, regarding the constitution of the birefringent layer in the liquid crystal display device, a first birefringent layer having a retardation in which the difference from the retardation of the liquid crystal layer is 100 nm or less is provided, and the drive region of the liquid crystal cell is provided. In a region corresponding to, a second birefringent layer having a retardation of 100 nm or less, so that the in-plane maximum refractive index direction is orthogonal to the in-plane maximum refractive index direction of the first birefringent layer, First
It is characterized in that it is installed in the birefringent layer.

Further, in the structure of the birefringent layer of the present invention, a first birefringent layer having a retardation in which the difference from the retardation of the liquid crystal layer is 100 nm or less is provided to correspond to the non-driving region of the liquid crystal cell. The area to be filled is 100
The second birefringent layer having a retardation value of not more than nm is arranged such that the in-plane maximum refractive index direction thereof coincides with the in-plane maximum refractive index direction of the first birefringent layer. It is characterized by having a configuration installed in.

Further, the present invention is characterized in that the first birefringent layer also serves as a substrate of a liquid crystal layer.

[0011]

In the structure of the present invention, the difference between the retardation of the birefringent layer provided between the liquid crystal layer and one of the polarizers and the retardation of the liquid crystal layer is set to 100 nm or less, and the liquid crystal The retardation of the birefringent layer in the region corresponding to the non-driving region of the cell is larger than the retardation of the birefringent layer in the region corresponding to the driving region, thereby eliminating the limitation of the retardation of the liquid crystal layer and Sufficient contrast is obtained even during division driving, and moreover, it brings about the effect of making the color and brightness of the driving region and the non-driving region of the liquid crystal cell uniform.

[0012]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The structure of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention. In this figure, a liquid crystal cell E is an ECB liquid crystal cell, and transparent electrodes 3 and 4 are formed on the facing surfaces of a pair of substrates 1 and 2, respectively, and an alignment film 5 having been subjected to an alignment treatment is formed.
A liquid crystal 8 is enclosed between the substrates 1 and 2 that have a sealant 6 and are spaced apart by a sealant 7 and face each other.

This liquid crystal cell E includes a first polarizer 9 and a first polarizer 9.
It is sandwiched between the second polarizer 10 and the substrate 1 and the polarizer 9.
The birefringent layer 11 is disposed between the two, and according to this configuration.
And constitutes a liquid crystal display element. The birefringent layer 11 is
2, the drive area A of the liquid crystal cell₁And non-driving area A₂
Areas with different retardations.
Refraction layer 11₁, 11₂Was installed. Non-driving area A₂Against
Birefringent layer 11 in the corresponding region₂Retardation R
_NDIs the drive area A₁Birefringent layer 11 in a region corresponding to ₁of
Retardation R_DGreater than.

FIG. 3 shows another structural example of the birefringent layer in the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, the birefringent layer 11 is composed of a first birefringent layer 11 ₃ and a second birefringent layer 11 ₄ . That is, it has a first birefringent layer 11 ₃ having a retardation of 100 nm or less with respect to the retardation of the liquid crystal cell, and a small retardation of 100 nm or less installed in a region corresponding to the driving region A ₁ of the liquid crystal cell. comprising a second birefringent layer 11 _4. In this case, the first birefringent layer 11 ₃ and the second birefringent layer 11 ₄
Since the in-plane maximum refractive index direction (hereinafter, referred to as x direction) is installed so as to be orthogonal to each other, the retardation of the region corresponding to the non-driving region A ₂ is greater than the retardation of the region corresponding to the driving region A _1. Also grows. Birefringent layer 1 of FIG.
In No. 1, the second birefringent layer 11 ₄ is placed on the first birefringent layer 11 ₃ , but the second birefringent layer 11 ₄ is placed below the first birefringent layer 11 _3. May be done.

Further, another example of the structure of the birefringent layer in the present invention is shown in FIG. Birefringent layer 11 shown in FIG. 4, the first birefringent layer 11 ₅ the difference between the retardation of the liquid crystal cell has the following retardation 100 nm, in a region corresponding to the non-drive area A ₂ of the liquid crystal cell Installed 100
The second birefringent layer 11 ₆ having a small retardation value of nm or less. In this case, the first birefringent layer 1
Since the 1 ₅ and the second birefringent layer 11 ₆ are installed so as to coincide with each other in the x direction, the retardation value of the region corresponding to the non-driving region A ₂ is the retardation value of the region corresponding to the driving region A _1. Will be larger than.

Further, in FIG. 4, the second birefringent layer 11 ₆ is provided on the first birefringent layer 11 ₅ , but the second birefringent layer 11 ₆ is the first birefringent layer 11 ₆ . It may be installed under 11 ₅ . Further, in the case of the configuration as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the first birefringent layers 11 ₃ and 11 ₅ may be configured so as to also serve as the substrate of the liquid crystal cell.

In the above configuration example, the birefringent layer 11 is arranged between the liquid crystal layer and the upper polarizing plate, but it may be arranged between the liquid crystal layer and the lower polarizing plate, or above and below the liquid crystal layer. You may arrange. Further, the birefringent layer may be formed by laminating two or more layers. Alternatively, a reflection plate may be provided outside one of the polarizers to be used as a reflection type.

Further, as another structural example of the birefringent layer of the present invention, the birefringent layer may be incorporated as a constituent element of the polarizing plate itself. In the polarizer using the dichroism of iodine or dye that is generally used, the stretched film is made to adsorb iodine or dye to the stretched film to have the polarizing ability, and the stretched film is further protected by the other two films. Although it has a sandwiched structure, a birefringent layer can be arranged between the protective film on the liquid crystal layer side and the stretched film, or the protective film on the liquid crystal layer side is composed of the birefringent layer. be able to.

As in the constitutional example of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention,
When a birefringent layer is provided between the substrate and the polarizer, glass or plastic having translucency is used as the substrate.
If a plastic substrate is used, the thickness of the substrate should be 0.2
It is easy to make the thickness less than or equal to mm, so that the liquid crystal display element can be made extremely thin and lightweight. In addition, since the substrate is thin, it is possible to obtain a liquid crystal display device having a wide viewing angle without displaying double images.

The alignment treatment on each substrate of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is performed so that the liquid crystal molecules are aligned substantially horizontally when no voltage is applied, and the liquid crystal molecules are preferentially aligned along this alignment treatment direction. In this case, “substantially horizontal in the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules” means that the tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules with respect to the substrate is in the range of approximately 0 ° to 30 °. This orientation control can be carried out by conventionally known oblique vapor deposition or by rubbing a cotton cloth after forming an inorganic or organic film on the substrate. As the alignment films 5 and 6 used in the present invention, a film obtained by rubbing a polymer film such as polyamide or polyimide, or a film obliquely deposited using SiO, MgO, MgF ₂ or the like is used.

The birefringent layer in this specification means
It is necessary to have in-plane refractive index anisotropy and be transparent. Specifically, aromatic polymers such as polyester, polycarbonate, polyarylate, polyether ether ketone, polysulfone, and polyether sulfone, polyolefin polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene, encavinylidene, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, and acrylic. Vinyl polymers such as resins, cellulose and its derivatives, such as regenerated cellulose (cellophane), diacetyl cellulose,
Examples thereof include stretched or extruded films of polymers such as triacetyl cellulose. It is also possible to exemplify a thin piece of crystal such as mica, calcite, or quartz cut out in a plane parallel to the optical axis. A polymer-based material can be used particularly advantageously in that a large-area material can be easily obtained.

Next, the operation of the present invention will be described. Changes in chromaticity coordinates (x, y) and brightness Y of the conventional ECB type liquid crystal display element due to retardation R _LC are shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, respectively. Here, the angle formed by the transmission axes of the upper and lower polarizers is 90 °, and the angle formed by the transmission axes of the adjacent polarizers with the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules is 45 °. In order to use the conventional ECB type liquid crystal display element as an optical shutter, it is necessary that the color of the selected pixel and the non-selected pixel is white or black and the difference in brightness between the selected pixel and the non-selected pixel is large. is there.

For this purpose, in FIG. 5, R _LC must be set so that the chromaticity coordinates of the selected pixel and the non-selected pixel are close to the + mark indicating white. Further, in FIG. 6, the brightness Y _NS (brightness of unselected pixels) at a certain R _LC and the retardation R decreased by the voltage application.
_It is necessary to set R _LC so that the difference in brightness Y _S (brightness of the selected pixel) in _LC −δ (δ> 0: δ depends on the number of time divisions and the type of liquid crystal).

Therefore, from FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, it is necessary to set R _LC to about 0.27 μm. However, R _LC
Is set to such a small value, the change in Y voltage near the threshold voltage becomes small, and sufficient contrast cannot be obtained during high time division driving.

Therefore, a birefringent layer 11 having a retardation of 100 nm or less between the liquid crystal layer and the polarizer is set so that the x direction of the birefringent layer is substantially the same as the liquid crystal molecule alignment direction. By installing so as to be orthogonal to each other, it is possible to restore the polarization state changed by the liquid crystal layer to the original state and perform black and white display.

In the ECB type liquid crystal display element of FIG. 1, when light is incident from the lower side, the light passing through the lower polarizer 10 becomes linearly polarized light and is incident on the liquid crystal layer 8. The major axis direction (alignment direction) of liquid crystal molecules has a large refractive index and a slow phase velocity. On the other hand, since the refractive index is small and the phase velocity is fast in the minor axis direction, when light passes through the liquid crystal layer 8, a phase difference of 2πR _LC / λ occurs between the vibration components in the two directions. Here, λ indicates the wavelength of light.

Since the phase difference between the two components differs depending on the wavelength, the light passing through the liquid crystal layer has a different polarization state depending on the wavelength. Therefore, when a polarizer is passed next to the liquid crystal layer as in a normal ECB type liquid crystal display element, the transmittance changes depending on the wavelength, resulting in a colored display. Therefore, when the above-mentioned birefringent layer 11 is arranged between the liquid crystal layer and the polarizer so that the x direction is substantially orthogonal to the liquid crystal molecule alignment direction, the phase (the alignment) in which the phase is delayed among the above two vibration components. The component of (direction) proceeds in the x direction of the birefringent layer, and the component of the phase advanced direction (direction orthogonal to the orientation direction) proceeds in the x direction of the birefringent layer. Therefore, the phase-delayed component of the liquid crystal layer advances fast in the birefringent layer, and the phase-advanced component of the liquid crystal layer advances in the birefringent layer.

At this time, if the phase difference generated in the liquid crystal layer and the phase difference generated in the birefringent layer are equal, the light that has passed through the birefringent layer is returned to the state before entering the liquid crystal layer (linearly polarized light), and no voltage is applied. The color when applied is white (the transmission axes of the upper and lower polarizers are parallel) or black (the transmission axes of the upper and lower polarizers are orthogonal).

When the liquid crystal display element is driven by time division, non-selection
A voltage near the threshold voltage is applied to the liquid crystal at the pixel,
The crystal retardation is the retardation when no voltage is applied.
R _LCWill be smaller than. Therefore, when driving in time division
In order to cancel the phase difference generated in the liquid crystal layer,
The retardation of the folding layer is R_LCMust be a little smaller than
There is a point.

In the state when no voltage is applied, the phase difference generated in the liquid crystal layer is canceled by the opposite phase difference in the birefringent layer, so that the total phase difference becomes 0, and R _{LC in} FIGS. 0
It is equivalent to the case of. Further, when a voltage is applied, the retardation of the liquid crystal layer decreases and becomes smaller than the retardation of the birefringent layer, and the total retardation becomes a difference δ between the retardation of the liquid crystal layer and the retardation of the birefringent layer. Therefore, the polarization state when a voltage is applied is the same as that when R _LC is δ in FIGS. 5 and 6.

As described above, the EC having the birefringent layer 11 is provided.
Unlike the conventional ECB type liquid crystal display element, the B type liquid crystal display element does not need to limit the retardation of the liquid crystal layer,
Since the retardation of the liquid crystal layer can be increased, display with good contrast can be realized even during high time division driving.

In the driving area of the liquid crystal cell, since the upper and lower electrodes intersect, the cell gap becomes smaller than that in the non-driving area by the film thickness of the electrodes. Further, as described above, the effective value of the liquid crystal retardation in the drive region is smaller than that when no voltage is applied, and thus the retardation of the liquid crystal layer in the drive region is smaller than the retardation in the non-drive region. Therefore, when the retardation of the birefringent layer 11 is set to a value that matches the retardation of the non-selected pixel, the retardation of the liquid crystal in the non-driving region becomes larger than the retardation of the birefringent layer 11. Therefore, the driving area and the non-driving area have different colors and brightness.

Therefore, in the present invention, the retardation of the birefringent layer in the region corresponding to the non-driving region is made larger than the retardation of the birefringent layer in the region corresponding to the driving region, and the phase compensation conditions of the two regions are set. The difference between is corrected.
Therefore, the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention has the same color and brightness in the driving area and the non-driving area. The retardation of the birefringent layer in the two regions is determined by the parameters of each liquid crystal display element (cell parameters and driving conditions of a liquid crystal cell, birefringence of liquid crystal and film thickness of a transparent electrode, installation direction of a polarizer).

Specific examples of the present invention will be described below.
The present invention is not limited to these. Concrete Example 1 An ECB liquid crystal cell in which liquid crystal having a retardation of a liquid crystal layer of 1.16 μm is filled between the upper and lower glass substrates, each having transparent electrodes and subjected to a homogeneous alignment treatment, is opposed to each other. It was made. However, the retardation value is for light having a wavelength of 550 nm, and the same applies to the birefringent layer. As the liquid crystal, nematic liquid crystal ZLI2293 (manufactured by Merck) having positive dielectric anisotropy was used. The alignment treatment was performed by rubbing the polyimide film.

A polycarbonate film is used as the birefringent layer, and two kinds of films 11 ₁ ,
11 ₂ was attached to the upper glass substrate 1. The retardation R _f of the film used is the drive area A of the liquid crystal layer.
Film 11 ₁ in the region corresponding to the ₁ R _f = 1.13μ
m, the film 11 ₂ of the region corresponding to the non-drive area A ₂ is R _f = 1.17 .mu.m. Two kinds of film 11 ₁ ,
11 ₂ was installed so that the x direction was orthogonal to the alignment direction of the liquid crystal layer.

A neutral gray polarizing plate 10 with a reflecting plate is installed below the ECB liquid crystal cell E so that its transmission axis forms an angle of 45 ° with the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules, and above the polycarbonate film 11 is a neutral film. The gray polarizing plate 9 was installed so that its transmission axis was orthogonal to the transmission axis of the lower polarizing plate 10. When the liquid crystal display device configured as described above is time-division driven at 1/100 duty, the non-selected pixels become black and the selected pixels become white, and the color and brightness of the non-driving region become almost the same as those of the non-selected pixels. It was

Specific Example 2 As in Specific Example 1, a polycarbonate film was used as the birefringent layer, and a film 11 ₃ (R _f = 1.17 μm) corresponding to the first birefringent layer was formed as shown in FIG. Of the liquid crystal cell E in FIG. 1 and the film 11 ₄ (R _f = 40) corresponding to the second birefringent layer on the upper glass substrate 1.
nm) was applied on the driving area A ₁ of the liquid crystal cell. First
The film 11 ₃ corresponding to the birefringent layer is installed so that the x direction is orthogonal to the alignment direction of the liquid crystal layer, and the film 11 ₄ corresponding to the second birefringent layer is arranged such that the x direction is the first birefringent layer. It was placed so as to be orthogonal to the x direction of the film 11 ₃ corresponding to the refractive layer. When the upper and lower polarizing plates 9 and 10 are arranged in the same manner as in Example 1 and the liquid crystal cell is time-division driven at 1/100 duty, the non-selected pixels become black and the selected pixels become white, and the color and brightness of the non-driving region Became almost the same as non-selected pixels.

Specific Example 3 As in Specific Example 1, a polycarbonate film was used as the birefringent layer, and a film 11 ₅ (R _f = 1.13 μm) corresponding to the first birefringent layer was used as shown in FIG. In the same manner as in Example 1, the liquid crystal cell E was attached on the upper glass substrate 1,
On top of that, the film 11 ₆ (R
_f = 40 nm) was attached on the non-driving area A ₂ of the liquid crystal cell. Film 11 ₅ corresponding to the first birefringent layer, the second
The film 11 ₆ corresponding to the birefringent layer was placed so that the x direction was orthogonal to the alignment direction of the liquid crystal layer. When the upper and lower polarizing plates 9 and 10 are arranged in the same manner as in Example 1 and the liquid crystal cell is time-division driven at 1/100 duty, the non-selected pixels become black and the selected pixels become white, and the color and brightness of the non-driving region Became almost the same as non-selected pixels.

Concrete Example 4 A liquid crystal layer having a transparent electrode and having a homogeneous alignment between upper and lower polymer film substrates has a retardation of 1.16.
An ECB liquid crystal cell having a size of μm was prepared. Liquid crystal is ZLI2
293 (manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc.) was used for the alignment treatment by rubbing the polyimide film. For the lower substrate 2, a polyether sulfone film having no birefringence is used, and the upper substrate 1
For this purpose, a polyether sulfone film having a retardation of 1.13 μm was used. Further, an ECB liquid crystal cell was manufactured so that the x direction of the upper substrate 1 was orthogonal to the alignment direction of the liquid crystal layer.

[0040] As a second birefringent layer 11 ₆ in FIG. 4, R _f
= 40 nm polycarbonate film was used and attached to the non-driving area A ₂ on the upper substrate 1. X-direction of the polycarbonate film 11 ₆ were stuck to match the x-direction of the upper substrate 1. The upper and lower polarizing plates 9 and 10 are shown in FIG.
When the liquid crystal cell is time-divisionally driven at a duty of 1/100 with the same arrangement as above, the non-selected pixel becomes black and the selected pixel becomes white, and the color and brightness of the non-driving region are almost the same as those of the non-selected pixel. .. In addition, since the liquid crystal substrate also serves as a birefringent layer, the device can be made light and thin.

[0041]

According to the present invention, the retardation of the birefringent layer in the region corresponding to the non-driving region of the birefringent layer in the region corresponding to the non-driving region in the ECB type liquid crystal display device for color compensation by the birefringent layer By making it larger than the retardation, the color and brightness of the driving region and the non-driving region match, and a liquid crystal display element having excellent display quality can be obtained.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a configuration example of a liquid crystal display element of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of the configuration of a birefringent layer used in the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing another example of the structure of the birefringent layer used in the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing another example of the configuration of the birefringent layer used in the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing changes in chromaticity coordinates of background color and brightness Y with retardation R _LC of a conventional ECB type liquid crystal display device.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing changes in the chromaticity coordinates of the background color and the brightness Y according to the retardation R _LC of the conventional ECB type liquid crystal display device.

[Explanation of symbols]

E ECB liquid crystal cell 1, 2 substrate 3,4 transparent electrode 5,6 alignment film 7 sealant 8 liquid crystal 9,10 linear polarizer 11 birefringent layer 11 ₁ first birefringent layer 11 ₂ second birefringent layer 11 ₃ First birefringent layer 11 ₄ Second birefringent layer 11 ₅ First birefringent layer 11 ₆ Second birefringent layer A ₁ Driving area of liquid crystal cell A ₂ Non-driving area of liquid crystal cell

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A liquid crystal layer made of a liquid crystal composition having a positive dielectric anisotropy is arranged between a pair of substrates provided with electrodes, the liquid crystal layer being configured to be homogeneously aligned with respect to the substrates when no voltage is applied. Then, a pair of polarizers are provided so as to sandwich the liquid crystal layer, and a birefringent layer for compensating a polarization state due to birefringence of the liquid crystal layer is provided between the liquid crystal layer and at least one polarizer. In the liquid crystal display device, the retardation of the birefringent layer has a difference of 1 between the retardations of the liquid crystal layer.
The retardation of the birefringent layer in the region corresponding to the non-driving region of the liquid crystal cell is set to be 00 nm or less, and is larger than the retardation of the birefringent layer in the region corresponding to the driving region. Liquid crystal display device. 2. The difference from the retardation of the liquid crystal layer is 10
A first birefringent layer having a retardation of 0 nm or less is provided, and a region corresponding to the driving region of the liquid crystal cell is
A second birefringent layer having a retardation of 100 nm or less is formed on the first birefringent layer so that the in-plane maximum refractive index direction is orthogonal to the in-plane maximum refractive index direction of the first birefringent layer. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal display device is installed. 3. The difference from the retardation of the liquid crystal layer is 10
A first birefringent layer having a retardation of 0 nm or less is provided, and a second birefringent layer having a retardation value of 100 nm or less is provided in a region corresponding to a non-driving region of the liquid crystal cell.
7. The birefringent layer of 1. is installed in the first birefringent layer such that the in-plane maximum refractive index direction thereof coincides with the in-plane maximum refractive index direction of the first birefringent layer. 1. Liquid crystal display element. 4. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 2, wherein the first birefringent layer also serves as a substrate of the liquid crystal layer.