JP3118054B2 - Liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device, and more particularly to an ECB (Electrically Controlled Birefringence) type liquid crystal display device in which liquid crystals having positive dielectric anisotropy are homogeneously aligned.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A so-called ECB type liquid crystal display device utilizing the birefringence effect of an electrically controlled liquid crystal has a liquid crystal cell having a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between upper and lower substrates so that liquid crystal molecules are homogeneously aligned. A pair of polarizers is disposed on both sides of the liquid crystal cell so as to shift the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules from the transmission axis or the absorption axis of the polarizer close to the liquid crystal layer, utilizing the birefringence of the liquid crystal molecules. The liquid crystal cell is configured to be colored. Then, a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer to change the alignment state of the liquid crystal layer to change the display color.

In order to use a conventional ECB-type liquid crystal display device as an optical shutter to perform monochrome display or color display using a color filter, the retardation of the liquid crystal layer (the refractive index anisotropy of liquid crystal molecules and the liquid crystal (The product of the thicknesses of the layers). However, when the retardation of the liquid crystal layer is reduced, the change in brightness near the threshold voltage due to the voltage is reduced, and a sufficient contrast cannot be obtained during high time division driving.

In view of the above, the present inventors have recently developed a birefringent layer having a retardation substantially equal to the retardation of a liquid crystal layer between a liquid crystal cell and a polarizer. It is installed so that the maximum refractive index directions are orthogonal to each other, so that a change in the polarization state due to birefringence of the liquid crystal layer is compensated by the birefringent layer so that a black-and-white display can be performed, and the restriction of the retardation of the liquid crystal layer is eliminated. ,
We are developing means to obtain sufficient contrast even during high time division driving.

The retardation of the liquid crystal layer in the region where the upper and lower electrodes intersect and drive the liquid crystal (driving region) is as follows:
The retardation is smaller than that in a region around which the liquid crystal is not driven (non-driving region). this is,
Since the upper and lower electrodes intersect in the driving region, the cell gap becomes smaller than that in the non-driving region by the thickness of the electrode. In the driving region, a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal, so that the retardation of the liquid crystal is effectively performed. This is because the value becomes smaller.

[0006]

As described above, in the color-compensated conventional ECB type liquid crystal display device, the driving region and the non-driving region have different colors and brightness, and the display quality is deteriorated. is there. An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks observed in the ECB type liquid crystal display element and to provide a liquid crystal display element having excellent display quality with uniform color and brightness in a driving area and a non-driving area. With the goal.

[0007]

According to the present invention, in order to achieve the above object, a pair of substrates provided with electrodes are arranged so as to be homogeneously aligned with respect to the substrates when no voltage is applied. A liquid crystal layer made of a liquid crystal composition having a dielectric anisotropy is disposed, a pair of polarizers are provided so as to sandwich the liquid crystal layer, and a liquid crystal layer is provided between the liquid crystal layer and at least one polarizer. in the liquid crystal display device formed by providing a birefringent layer to compensate for the polarization state by birefringence of Li of the liquid crystal layer
Retardation with a difference from the retardation of 100 nm or less
A first birefringent layer having a liquid crystal cell.
In the region corresponding to the moving region, retardation of 100 nm or less
The second birefringent layer having an in-plane maximum refraction
The refractive index direction is perpendicular to the in-plane maximum refractive index direction of the first birefringent layer.
The first birefringent layer is provided so as to cross each other.

Further , according to the present invention, a pair of substrates having electrodes are provided.
Between the plates, when no voltage is applied, the substrate is homogenous.
Liquid with positive dielectric anisotropy
A liquid crystal layer made of a crystalline composition, and sandwiches the liquid crystal layer.
A pair of polarizers, and at least the liquid crystal layer
Polarization state due to birefringence of liquid crystal layer between one polarizer
Liquid crystal display device provided with a birefringent layer that compensates for
And the difference from the retardation of the liquid crystal layer is 100 nm.
A first birefringent layer having a retardation as follows:
Provided in a region corresponding to the non-driving region of the liquid crystal cell.
Second birefringent layer having retardation of 0 nm or less
The direction of the maximum refractive index in the plane is the plane of the first birefringent layer.
In the first birefringent layer so as to coincide with the maximum refractive index direction.
It is characterized by being installed .

[0009]

Furthermore, in the present invention, the first birefringent layer is characterized in that the first birefringent layer also serves as a substrate of a liquid crystal layer.

[0011]

In the structure of the present invention, the difference between the retardation of the birefringent layer provided between the liquid crystal layer and one of the polarizers and the retardation of the liquid crystal layer is set to be 100 nm or less. The retardation of the birefringent layer in the area corresponding to the non-driving area of the cell is made larger than the retardation of the birefringent layer in the area corresponding to the driving area. Sufficient contrast can be obtained even in divided driving, and moreover, an effect of making the colors and brightness uniform in the driving region and the non-driving region of the liquid crystal cell is brought about.

[0012]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The configuration of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention. In this figure, a liquid crystal cell E is an ECB liquid crystal cell, and transparent electrodes 3 and 4 are formed on opposing surfaces of a pair of substrates 1 and 2, respectively.
The liquid crystal 8 is sealed between the substrates 1 and 2 which are disposed so as to be separated and opposed to each other by a sealant 7.

The liquid crystal cell E includes a first polarizer 9 and a second polarizer.
2 and between the substrate 1 and the polarizer 9.
A birefringent layer 11 is disposed between the two, and this configuration
Thus, a liquid crystal display element is formed. The birefringent layer 11 is shown in FIG.
2, the driving area A of the liquid crystal cell₁And non-drive area A_Two
Areas with different retardations in areas corresponding to
Refraction layer 11₁, 11_TwoWas installed. Non-drive area A_TwoTo
Birefringent layer 11 in corresponding area_TwoRetardation R
_NDIs the driving area A₁Birefringent layer 11 in the region corresponding to ₁of
Retardation R_DGreater than.

FIG. 3 shows another configuration example of the birefringent layer in the present invention. The birefringent layer 11, as in FIG. 3, and a first birefringent layer 11 ₃ and the second birefringent layer 11 _4. Ie, having the first birefringent layer 11 ₃ the difference between the retardation of the liquid crystal cell has the following retardation 100nm, a small retardation 100nm following installed in a region corresponding to the driving region A ₁ of the liquid crystal cell comprising a second birefringent layer 11 _4. In this case, the first birefringent layer 11 ₃ and the second birefringent layer 11 ₄
Plane maximum refractive index direction (hereinafter referred to as x-direction) so installed so as to be orthogonal to the retardation of the region corresponding to the non-drive area A _2, from the retardation of the region corresponding to the driving region A ₁ Also increases. Birefringent layer 1 of FIG.
1, the second birefringent layer 11 ₄ is disposed on the first birefringent layer 11 _3, the second birefringent layer 11 ₄ disposed below the first birefringent layer 11 ₃ May be done.

FIG. 4 shows another configuration example of the birefringent layer in the present invention. Birefringent layer 11 shown in FIG. 4, the first birefringent layer 11 ₅ the difference between the retardation of the liquid crystal cell has the following retardation 100 nm, in a region corresponding to the non-drive area A ₂ of the liquid crystal cell 100 installed
nm made of the second birefringent layer 11 ₆ with the following small retardation value. In this case, the first birefringent layer 1
Since installed to match 1 ₅ and the x-direction of the second birefringent layer 11 _6, the retardation value of the region corresponding to the non-drive area A ₂ is the retardation value in the region corresponding to the driving region A ₁ Larger than.

[0016] In FIG. 4, the second birefringent layer 11 ₆ is placed on the first birefringent layer 11 _5, the second birefringent layer 11 ₆ first birefringent layer 11 ₅ may be placed underneath. In the case of configuration as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the first birefringent layer 11 _3, 11 ₅ may be constituted by serving as a substrate of liquid crystal cell.

In the above configuration example, the birefringent layer 11 is disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the upper polarizer. However, the birefringent layer 11 may be disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the lower polarizer. It may be arranged. Further, the birefringent layer may be composed of two or more layers. However, when the birefringent layers are arranged vertically or two or more layers are stacked, the sum of the retardation of each birefringent layer and the retardation of the liquid crystal layer is 100 nm.
It is necessary to set as follows. In addition, a reflection plate can be provided outside one of the polarizers to be used as a reflection type.

Further, as another configuration example of the birefringent layer of the present invention, the birefringent layer can be incorporated as a component of the polarizing plate itself. In a commonly used polarizer that utilizes the dichroism of iodine or a dye, a stretched film is made to adsorb iodine or a dye so as to have a polarizing ability, and for further protection, the stretched film is used with another two films. Although it has a sandwich configuration, a birefringent layer can be disposed between the protective film and the stretched film on the liquid crystal layer side, or the protective film on the liquid crystal layer side is formed of a birefringent layer. be able to.

As in the configuration example of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention,
When a birefringent layer is provided between the substrate and the polarizer, light-transmitting glass, plastic, or the like is used as the substrate.
When using a plastic substrate, set the substrate thickness to 0.2
mm or less, it is easy to make the liquid crystal display element extremely thin and lightweight. Further, since the substrate is thin, a liquid crystal display device having a wide viewing angle without displaying a double image can be obtained.

The alignment treatment of each substrate of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is performed so that the liquid crystal molecules are substantially horizontally aligned when no voltage is applied, and the liquid crystal molecules are preferentially aligned along the alignment processing direction. In this case, “substantially horizontal” in the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules means that the tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules with respect to the substrate is in a range of approximately 0 ° to 30 °. The orientation can be controlled by oblique vapor deposition or rubbing with a cotton cloth after forming an inorganic or organic film on the substrate. As the alignment films 5 and 6 used in the present invention, a film obtained by rubbing a polymer film of polyamide, polyimide or the like, or a film obliquely deposited by using SiO, MgO, MgF ₂ or the like is used.

The birefringent layer in this specification is
It is necessary to have in-plane refractive index anisotropy and to have transparency. Specifically, aromatic polymers such as polyester, polycarbonate, polyarylate, polyetheretherketone, polysulfone, and polyethersulfone; polyolefin-based polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene; encabinylidene, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, and acrylic Vinyl polymers such as resins, cellulose and derivatives thereof such as regenerated cellulose (cellophane), diacetyl cellulose,
A stretched or extruded film of each polymer such as triacetyl cellulose can be exemplified. Further, a thin slice of a crystal such as mica, calcite, or quartz cut out along a plane parallel to the optical axis can also be exemplified. A polymer-based material can be used particularly advantageously in that a large-area material can be easily obtained.

Next, the operation of the present invention will be described. Chromaticity coordinates of the conventional ECB type liquid crystal display element (x, y) and the change due to retardation R _LC brightness Y, are shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, respectively. Here, the angle between the transmission axes of the upper and lower polarizers is 90 °, and the angle between the alignment axis of the liquid crystal molecules and the transmission axis of the adjacent polarizer is 45 °. In order to use the conventional ECB type liquid crystal display element as an optical shutter, it is necessary that the color of the selected pixel and the non-selected pixel is white or black, and that the difference in brightness between the selected pixel and the non-selected pixel is large. is there.

[0023] For this purpose, in FIG. 5, it must be set R _LC as chromaticity coordinates of the selected pixel and non-selected pixel is near the + mark indicating white. Further, in FIG. 6, there brightness in R _LC Y _NS retardation becomes smaller by the voltage application (the brightness of the non-selected pixel) R
_It is necessary to set _RLC such that the difference in brightness Y _S (brightness of the selected pixel) in _LC− δ (δ> 0: δ depends on the number of time divisions and the type of liquid crystal) is large.

[0024] Thus, from FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, R _LC should be set to about 0.27 [mu] m. However, R _LC
Is set to such a small value, the voltage change of Y near the threshold voltage becomes small, and a sufficient contrast cannot be obtained at the time of high time division driving.

Therefore, a birefringent layer 11 having a retardation of 100 nm or less between the liquid crystal layer and the polarizer has a retardation difference of not more than 100 nm. By setting them so as to be orthogonal to each other, the polarization state changed by the liquid crystal layer can be returned to the original state, and black and white display can be performed.

In the ECB type liquid crystal display device shown in FIG. 1, when light enters from below, the light passing through the lower polarizer 10 becomes linearly polarized light and enters the liquid crystal layer 8. The long axis direction (alignment direction) of the liquid crystal molecules has a large refractive index and a low phase velocity. On the other hand, in the minor axis direction, the refractive index is small and the phase velocity is fast, so that when light passes through the liquid crystal layer 8, a phase difference of 2π R _LC / λ occurs between the vibration components in the two directions. Here, λ indicates the wavelength of light.

Since the phase difference between the two components differs depending on the wavelength, the light passing through the liquid crystal layer has a different polarization state depending on the wavelength. For this reason, when a polarizer is passed next to the liquid crystal layer as in a normal ECB type liquid crystal display element, the transmittance changes depending on the wavelength, and the display is colored. Therefore, when the above-described birefringent layer 11 is arranged such that the x direction is substantially orthogonal to the liquid crystal molecule alignment direction between the liquid crystal layer and the polarizer, of the two vibration components, the direction in which the phase is delayed (the alignment direction). The component of the direction) advances in the direction perpendicular to the x direction of the birefringent layer, and the component of the direction in which the phase has advanced (the direction orthogonal to the orientation direction) advances in the x direction of the birefringent layer. Therefore, a component having a delayed phase in the liquid crystal layer has a faster phase in the birefringent layer, and a component having a advanced phase in the liquid crystal layer has a slower phase in the birefringent layer.

At this time, if the phase difference generated in the liquid crystal layer and the phase difference generated in the birefringent layer are equal, the light that has passed through the birefringent layer is returned to the state before being incident on the liquid crystal layer (linearly polarized light), and no voltage is applied. The color upon addition is white (the transmission axes of the upper and lower polarizers are parallel) or black (the transmission axes of the upper and lower polarizers are orthogonal).

When the liquid crystal display element is driven in a time-division manner, it is not selected.
A voltage close to the threshold voltage is applied to the pixel to the liquid crystal,
Is the retardation when no voltage is applied.
R _LCSmaller than. Therefore, during time-division driving
In order to cancel the phase difference generated in the liquid crystal layer in
Retardation of folded layer is R_LCMust be slightly smaller than
It is necessary.

The state when no voltage is applied, since the phase difference caused by the liquid crystal layer is canceled by the inverse of the phase difference at the birefringent layer, the phase difference of the entire 0 and R _LC of FIGS. 5 and 6 0
Is equivalent to When a voltage is applied, the retardation of the liquid crystal layer decreases and becomes smaller than the retardation of the birefringent layer, and the entire retardation is a difference δ between the retardation of the liquid crystal layer and the retardation of the birefringent layer. Therefore, the polarization state at the time of applying a voltage is equivalent to the case where _RLC is δ in FIGS.

As described above, the EC having the birefringent layer 11 is provided.
Unlike the conventional ECB type liquid crystal display device, the B type liquid crystal display device does not need to limit the retardation of the liquid crystal layer,
Since the retardation of the liquid crystal layer can be increased, a display with good contrast can be realized even during high time division driving.

Since the upper and lower electrodes intersect in the driving region of the liquid crystal cell, the cell gap is smaller than that in the non-driving region by the thickness of the electrodes. Further, as described above, the effective value of the retardation of the liquid crystal is smaller in the driving region than when no voltage is applied, so that the retardation of the liquid crystal layer in the driving region is smaller than the retardation in the non-driving region. Therefore, when the retardation of the birefringent layer 11 is set to a value that matches the retardation of the non-selected pixels, the retardation of the liquid crystal in the non-driving region becomes larger than the retardation of the birefringent layer 11. Therefore, the driving region and the non-driving region have different colors and brightness.

Therefore, according to the present invention, the retardation of the birefringent layer in the region corresponding to the non-driving region is made larger than the retardation of the birefringent layer in the region corresponding to the driving region, and the phase compensation condition of the two regions is adjusted. The difference has been corrected.
Therefore, in the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, the color and brightness of the driving area and the non-driving area are the same. Note that the retardation of the birefringent layer in the two regions is determined by the parameters of each liquid crystal display element (cell parameters and driving conditions of the liquid crystal cell, birefringence of the liquid crystal and the thickness of the transparent electrode, and the installation direction of the polarizer).

Hereinafter, specific examples of the present invention will be described.
The present invention is not limited to these. Specific Example 1 Upper and lower glass substrates each having a transparent electrode formed thereon and subjected to a homogeneous alignment treatment are opposed to each other, and an ECB liquid crystal cell filled with a liquid crystal having a retardation of a liquid crystal layer of 1.16 μm is provided between the upper and lower glass substrates. Produced. However, the retardation value is for light having a wavelength of 550 nm, and the same applies to the birefringent layer. As a liquid crystal, a nematic liquid crystal ZLI2293 (manufactured by Merck) having a positive dielectric anisotropy was used. The alignment treatment was performed by rubbing the polyimide film.

Further, a polycarbonate film is used as the birefringent layer, and two kinds of films 11 ₁ ,
11 ₂ pasted on the upper glass substrate 1. The retardation _Rf of the film used is the driving area A of the liquid crystal layer.
Film 11 ₁ in the region corresponding to the ₁ R _f = 1.13μ
m, the film 11 ₂ of the region corresponding to the non-drive area A ₂ is R _f = 1.17 .mu.m. Two types of films 11 ₁ ,
11 _2, x direction is installed so as to be perpendicular to the orientation direction of the liquid crystal layer.

On the lower part of the ECB liquid crystal cell E, a neutral gray polarizing plate 10 with a reflecting plate is installed so that its transmission axis forms an angle of 45 ° with the liquid crystal molecular orientation direction. The gray polarizing plate 9 was set so that its transmission axis was orthogonal to the transmission axis of the lower polarizing plate 10. When the liquid crystal display device configured as described above is driven in a time-division manner at 1/100 duty, the non-selected pixels become black and the selected pixels become white, and the color and brightness of the non-driving region become almost the same as those of the non-selected pixels. Was.

Example 2 As in Example 1, a polycarbonate film was used as the birefringent layer, and a film 11 ₃ (R _f = 1.17 μm) corresponding to the first birefringent layer as shown in FIG. And a film 11 ₄ (R _f = 40) corresponding to the second birefringent layer thereon.
The nm) was pasted on the drive area A ₁ of the liquid crystal cell. First
The film 11 ₃ corresponding to the birefringent layer of installed such x-direction is orthogonal to the orientation direction of the liquid crystal layer, the film 11 ₄ corresponding to the second birefringent layer has a x-direction is the first double It was placed so as to be orthogonal to the x direction of the film 11 ₃ corresponding to the refractive layer. When the upper and lower polarizers 9 and 10 are arranged in the same manner as in Example 1 and the liquid crystal cell is time-divisionally driven at 1/100 duty, the non-selected pixels become black, the selected pixels become white, and the color and brightness of the non-driving area are changed. Is almost the same as the unselected pixel.

[0038] Similar to Example 3 Example 1, the polycarbonate film used as the birefringent layer, as shown in FIG. 4, the film 11 ₅ (R _f = 1.13μm) Specific corresponding to the first birefringent layer As in Example 1, the liquid crystal cell E was mounted on the upper glass substrate 1 and
On top of that, a film 11 ₆ (R
_f = 40 nm) was pasted on the non-drive area A ₂ of the liquid crystal cell. Film 11 ₅ corresponding to the first birefringent layer, the second
The x-direction of the film 11 ₆ corresponding to the birefringent layer were placed together so as to be perpendicular to the orientation direction of the liquid crystal layer. When the upper and lower polarizers 9 and 10 are arranged in the same manner as in Example 1 and the liquid crystal cell is time-divisionally driven at 1/100 duty, the non-selected pixels become black, the selected pixels become white, and the color and brightness of the non-driving area are changed. Is almost the same as the unselected pixel.

Example 4 A liquid crystal layer having a transparent electrode and homogeneously aligned between the upper and lower polymer film substrates and having a retardation of 1.16 was obtained.
An ECB liquid crystal cell having a size of μm was produced. The liquid crystal is ZLI2
293 (manufactured by Merck & Co.), and the alignment treatment was performed by rubbing the polyimide film. For the lower substrate 2, a polyethersulfone film having no birefringence was used.
Used was a polyethersulfone film having a retardation of 1.13 μm. Further, an ECB liquid crystal cell was manufactured such that the x direction of the upper substrate 1 was orthogonal to the alignment direction of the liquid crystal layer.

[0040] As a second birefringent layer 11 ₆ in FIG. 4, R _f
= With polycarbonate film 40 nm, it was stuck to the non-driving area A ₂ on the upper substrate 1. X-direction of the polycarbonate film 11 ₆ were stuck to match the x-direction of the upper substrate 1. The upper and lower polarizers 9 and 10 are shown in FIG.
When the liquid crystal cell was time-divisionally driven at 1/100 duty, the non-selected pixel was black and the selected pixel was white, and the color and brightness of the non-driven area were almost the same as those of the non-selected pixel. . In addition, since the liquid crystal substrate also serves as the birefringent layer, the device can be reduced in weight and thickness.

[0041]

According to the present invention, it has a positive dielectric anisotropy.
ECD type liquid crystal display device with liquid crystal homogeneously aligned
The retardation of the retarder on the display
Using two phase difference plates as a means to make it smaller than
By adjusting the retardation and the refractive index direction
The retardation of the phase difference plate between the display part and the non-display part.
Easy control and easy correction of color difference between display and non-display
A liquid crystal display device can be obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a configuration example of a liquid crystal display element of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of a configuration of a birefringent layer used in the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing another example of the configuration of the birefringent layer used in the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing another example of the configuration of the birefringent layer used in the present invention.

5 is a graph showing a change by retardation R _LC of chromaticity coordinates of the background color of the conventional ECB type liquid crystal display device.

6 is a graph showing a change by retardation R _LC brightness Y of the background color of the conventional ECB type liquid crystal display device.

[Explanation of symbols]

E ECB liquid crystal cell 1, 2 Substrate 3, 4 Transparent electrode 5, 6 Alignment film 7 Sealant 8 Liquid crystal 9, 10 Linear polarizer 11 Birefringent layer 11 ₁ First birefringent layer 11 ₂ Second birefringent layer 11 ₃ First birefringent layer 11 ₄ Second birefringent layer 11 ₅ First birefringent layer 11 ₆ Second birefringent layer A ₁ Driving region of liquid crystal cell A ₂ Non-driving region of liquid crystal cell

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A liquid crystal layer made of a liquid crystal composition having a positive dielectric anisotropy is arranged between a pair of substrates provided with electrodes so as to be homogeneously aligned with respect to the substrate when no voltage is applied. A pair of polarizers is provided so as to sandwich the liquid crystal layer, and a birefringent layer is provided between the liquid crystal layer and at least one of the polarizers to compensate for a polarization state due to birefringence of the liquid crystal layer. In the liquid crystal display device, a difference from the retardation of the liquid crystal layer is 100 nm or less.
A first birefringent layer having a retardation
In a region corresponding to the driving region of the liquid crystal cell, 100 n
a second birefringent layer having a retardation of m or less,
The in-plane maximum refractive index direction is the in-plane maximum refractive index direction of the first birefringent layer.
Installed on the first birefringent layer so as to be orthogonal to the large refractive index direction
The liquid crystal display element characterized by the. (2) no voltage is applied between a pair of substrates having electrodes.
So that it is homogeneously oriented with respect to the substrate when applied.
Composed of a liquid crystal composition having a positive dielectric anisotropy
A liquid crystal layer is disposed, and a pair of polarizers sandwich the liquid crystal layer.
Provided, and between the liquid crystal layer and at least one polarizer
In between, birefringence to compensate for the polarization state due to the birefringence of the liquid crystal layer
In a liquid crystal display element provided with a layer, the difference from the retardation of the liquid crystal layer is 100 nm or less.
A first birefringent layer having a retardation
In a region corresponding to the non-driving region of the liquid crystal cell, 100
Second birefringent layer having retardation of not more than nm
The direction of the maximum refractive index in the plane is the plane of the first birefringent layer.
In the first birefringent layer so as to coincide with the maximum refractive index direction.
A liquid crystal display element characterized by being installed. 3. The first birefringent layer also serves as a substrate of a liquid crystal layer.
The liquid according to claim 1, wherein
Crystal display element.