JPH0518939B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a fibrous structure having a three-dimensional structure suitable as a structural material. More specifically, it has a fiber structure in which a plurality of cavities are provided that communicate with one or both of the front and back surfaces, and the voids have a three-dimensional structure that can hold various materials for civil engineering work, etc. It relates to a fiber structure. [Prior Art] It is known that fiber materials are used to reinforce civil engineering materials made of asphalt, mortar, sand, gravel, soil, or a mixture thereof in civil engineering work including construction work. However, the fiber materials used in this field are mainly fabric-like materials, that is, knitted fabrics or non-woven fabrics with a two-dimensional structure. It is merely held or reinforced. Therefore, the layers of civil engineering materials that are held and reinforced by these fabrics are relatively thin, so in order to hold and reinforce them thickly, it is necessary to use multiple fabrics. I had no choice but to stack these. Furthermore, conventional woven, knitted or non-woven fabrics with a two-dimensional structure do not have fibers to reinforce the thickness, so they cannot support forces applied in the thickness direction with cushioning properties, and are therefore not suitable as cushioning materials. There was no fibrous structure. As described above, in recent years there has been a strong demand for fibrous structures that are thick and capable of filling, holding, and reinforcing various materials, but no fibrous structure that satisfies this requirement has yet appeared. [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] From the above, it is clear that conventionally known fabrics with a two-dimensional structure cannot be thickly held or reinforced unless they are laminated, and there are also problems in construction. It also has the problem of poor efficiency. An object of the present invention is to solve these problems and provide a fiber structure that can form a thick retention reinforcing layer. [Means for Solving the Problems] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the inventors of the present invention have conducted extensive research to create a fiber structure in which a plurality of holes are provided, and furthermore, to solve the problems described above. The inventors have discovered that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by holding various materials in a fibrous structure, and have arrived at the present invention. In other words, the purpose of the present invention is to provide two ground textures on the front and back sides,
A fibrous structure having a three-dimensional structure consisting of connecting parts connecting the ground structures, at least one of the ground structures being formed of a plurality of yarns such that the fiber occupation rate is 10 to 80%, This is achieved by a fibrous structure having a three-dimensional structure characterized in that the fibrous structure is provided with a plurality of cavities that communicate with one or both of the front and back sides. In the fibrous structure of the present invention, the ground structure having a fiber occupation rate of 10 to 80% is arranged to stand up from other ground structures by the connecting portions. The wall-like bodies made of a plurality of threads constituting the wall are arranged in a linear, ridged, lattice-like, or honeycomb-like manner, so that a large number of voids are created between adjacent wall-like bodies. It will be done.
When a ground structure with a fiber occupancy of 10 to 80% is provided on only one side of the fiber structure, this void becomes hole-like or groove-shaped, and the fiber occupancy is 10 to 80%.
When the ground texture formed on both sides of the fiber structure is provided, it becomes a through hole. The fiber occupancy ratio as used herein means the area ratio occupied by fibers constituting the ground structure. i.e. 1
When expressed as the area ratio occupied by fibers constituting the ground texture per inch square (2.54 cm x 2.54 cm = 6.45 cm ² ), the fiber occupancy rate is calculated by the following formula. N: Number of threads of each constituent fiber type within 1 inch square (strands/inch ² ) d: Diameter of each constituent fiber type (cm) d': Diameter of other threads at the intersection point in the ground texture (cm) L: Length of one thread of each constituent fiber type within 1 inch square (cm)...2.54 if the threads of woven fabrics are straight, or 2.54 if the threads of knitted fabrics are curved. is the value obtained by measuring the fiber length between 1 inch. n: Number of crossing points within 1 inch square; Calculate the total Fiber occupancy (%) = (ΣL x N x d) - n x d x d
'/6.45×100 The fiber occupation rate is preferably 10 to 80%, more preferably 20 to 70% in at least one of the two textures. When the fiber occupancy exceeds 80%, the amount of voids becomes extremely small, making it impossible to exhibit sufficient retention and reinforcing effects as a fiber structure. (referred to as ) is reduced, making it impossible to exhibit sufficient holding and reinforcing effects. On the other hand, if the fiber occupancy is less than 10%, the wall-like bodies become thin or the intervals between the wall-like bodies become too wide, making it impossible to obtain the thick holding and reinforcing effect of the fiber structure. Furthermore, it is not preferable because it becomes impossible to reliably hold the filler in the cavity. Means for changing the fiber occupancy rate from 10 to 80% include (a) increasing or decreasing the number of yarns constituting the ground weave, (b) increasing or decreasing the density of the base weave, and (c) changing the yarn used. It is sufficient to use means such as changing the thickness of the image alone or in combination of two or more. The two ground structures on the front and back sides of the fiber structure of the present invention must be reliably connected by the connecting portion. However, the bonding density should be selected according to the structure of the ground structure, that is, the bonding density should be selected to the extent that one ground structure is not separated from the other ground structure when the filler is held and reinforced with the fibrous structure. Just choose. The connecting portion of the fiber structure of the present invention is configured to connect the two ground textures of the front and back sheets substantially perpendicularly, and arrange the void substantially perpendicularly to the surface of the fiber structure. It is more preferable that The depth of the cavity formed by the wall-like body comprising the connecting portion is preferably at least 1 cm or more and about 10 cm, and usually 3 to 5 cm. However, the depth of the void may be set arbitrarily depending on the purpose for which the fiber structure is used. Incidentally, at least one of the two ground textures on the front and back sides of the fiber structure of the present invention needs to be formed to have a fiber occupation rate of 10 to 80%. However, if only one of the ground textures has a fiber occupancy of 10 to 80%, the other ground texture may have any configuration, that is, it may have any fiber occupancy. Any fabric material that can be bonded may be used. Therefore, the fabric-like material includes woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, and those laminated with non-woven sheets and the like. The fibrous structure of the present invention can be manufactured using a manufacturing apparatus capable of manufacturing a fabric having a two-layer structure. For example, a double loom, a warp knitting machine having a double needle bed, etc. may be used. The material constituting the fibrous structure of the present invention may be selected depending on the use of the fibrous structure of the present invention. For example, for applications where the strength reinforcing effect is maintained for a long period of time, it is sufficient to use materials that are strong and durable even if they are expensive, and when low cost and mass supply are desired rather than such high performance, fiber structures are used. Any material that can be provided at low cost may be used for the body. Therefore, materials such as polyethylene terephthalate,
Polyester fibers such as polybutylene terephthalate; polyamide fibers such as nylon 6, 66, and 46; aramid fibers; polyacrylonitrile fibers; polyolefin fibers such as polyethylene and polypropylene; rayon fibers such as viscose, acetate, and kyupra; Natural fibers such as cotton, wool, and hemp; carbon fibers; inorganic fibers such as glass and metal; and/or mixed fibers thereof; or wires may be used if necessary. The fiber structure is manufactured by knitting or weaving as described above using short fiber spun yarns, long fibers containing flat yarns, or composite yarns thereof using these materials. If necessary, one of the ground textures may be made of a nonwoven fabric using the above-mentioned material, and the fiber structure may be manufactured using this as a base. Further, it is preferable to use a highly rigid material for the connecting portion of the fiber structure of the present invention in order to provide rigidity and thickness to the fiber structure. Therefore, materials can be freely selected from among the above-mentioned materials, but more preferably, for example, organic monofilament yarns such as polyester, polyamide, polyolefin, inorganic fibers,
It is even better to use wire or the like if necessary. As mentioned above, the fiber structure of the present invention may be made of a metal material such as wire if necessary. Therefore, the term "fibrous structure" in the specification has a broad meaning including metal materials. As mentioned above, it is more preferable that the fiber structure of the present invention has rigidity and repellency in view of its intended use. To provide repulsion, the fiber structure made of a highly rigid material such as monofilament may be used without resin processing, and to provide rigidity, the fiber structure may be modified as needed. It is preferable to perform resin processing using a resin material (thermosetting resin, thermoplastic resin, etc.). By resin processing, at least a portion of the plurality of threads or fibers constituting the fiber structure is reinforced, and the rigidity and repulsion of the fiber structure are increased. As a result, the plurality of cavities in the fibrous structure can be sufficiently filled with the filler material, and the holding and reinforcing effects can be enhanced. In addition, a rigid fiber structure also has the advantage of being easier to handle during on-site construction, such as civil engineering and construction work, and improving workability. Various types of resin materials can be used as the resin material. For example, thermosetting resins include urea/formalin type; polyhydric phenol/formalin type; melamine type such as methylolmelamine; acrylic ester type such as methyl methacrylate; epoxy type such as glycidyl ether of glycerin; polyurethane type; An ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer system; or modified products or mixtures thereof can be used. In addition, thermoplastic resins include nylon 6/66,
Low melting point polyamides such as 6/610, 6/66/610;
Alcohol-soluble polyamides such as methoxymethylated nylon 6; aliphatic or aromatic polyesters; polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene; polyvinyl butyral, vinyl acetate,
Vinyl-based materials such as polyvinyl alcohol; halogen-containing materials such as vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride; etc. can be used. The resin liquid contains commonly used reaction catalysts such as organic amines and metal salts; silicone, wax,
Water repellents such as fluorine; flame retardants such as phosphorus and nitrogen; other finishing agents, natural rubber, styrene/butadiene, styrene/butadiene/vinylpyridine terpolymer, nitrile/butadiene,
Rubber latexes such as chloroprene, chlorohydrin, and fluorine-based rubber latexes may be used in combination, and the present invention does not specify these substances. The method of applying the resin liquid can be selected from the dipping method, coating method, spraying method, etc.
Heat treatment is also carried out following drying, for example, at 150 to 230℃
It should be done for 2 to 5 minutes. This step may be repeated once or twice or more. The resin liquid may be solvent-based or water-based, but water-based is preferable in terms of workability, work environment, etc. Further, the amount of the resin liquid deposited may be selected depending on the use and purpose, but it is usually preferably 5 to 30% by weight (in terms of solid content). The fibrous structure can be used as such or after being treated with a resin to impart rigidity and repulsion as described above, together with a filler at a work site such as civil engineering work. However, the pores of the fiber structure may be filled with a suitable filler in advance and provided to the work site as an integrated composite fiber structure. The type of filler may be arbitrarily selected depending on the purpose for which the fiber structure is used; for example, asphalt, mortar, sand, gravel, soil, or a mixture thereof may be used. , water glass, bituminous, and other soil improvers may be added, and rubber and/or various resins, organic and/or inorganic short fibers, various fillers, aggregates, etc. may also be used. The degree of filling of the filler is not particularly limited;
It can be selected arbitrarily depending on the purpose, but when used for civil engineering work, etc., generally 50% or more of the voids in the fiber structure should be filled in order to take advantage of the properties of the composite. is preferred. Compared to the case where the fiber structure itself is simply filled with an appropriate filler at a work site such as civil engineering work, such a composite fiber structure can be filled with an appropriate filler by selecting it in advance, so it is suitable for civil engineering work, etc. It becomes possible to achieve an effective reinforcement effect on-site. Further, by taking advantage of the thickness of the fiber structure itself, it can be used as is as a cushioning material, for example, a cushion material. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the structure of a fibrous structure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings showing one embodiment of the fibrous structure of the present invention. FIGS. 1 and 2 are model illustrations of non-limiting examples of the fiber structure of the present invention. FIG. , FIG. 2 shows a case where the structure is arranged in a grid pattern. That is, in FIG. 1, the fiber structure 1 consists of two ground textures 2 and 3, front and back, and a connecting portion 4 that connects the ground textures. The ground texture 2 on the front side is formed in a striped form, and the striped ground texture 2 and another fabric-like ground texture 3
The fiber structure 1 shown in FIG.
In this case, groove-shaped cavities 5 arranged in a striped pattern are provided. On the other hand, the fiber structure 11 shown in FIG. 2 is similarly constructed to include ground textures 12 and 13 and a connecting portion 14, but has a feature in that the ground texture 12 on the front side is formed in a lattice shape. As a result, a grid-like ground structure 1
A large number of spaces 15 partitioned into a grid pattern by connecting portions 3 are provided between 2 and another fabric-like ground structure 13. [Example] The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to Examples. Example 1 Using a 24-gauge 1-inch double lattice machine, 150 denier polyester fiber was threaded through each of the reeds L ₁ and L ₂ for the front needle bed F, and nylon 6 monofilament 150 was threaded into the reed L ₃ for the connecting part. Insert one thread of 150 denier polyester fiber into reeds L ₄ and L ₅ for rear needle bed B for every 3 strands (1 thread inserted, 2
The main thread was removed) and knitted. Figure 3 shows the organization chart. The knitted fabric thus obtained has a thickness of approximately 3
It was a three-dimensional structure with striped upright columns measuring cm. Next, it is immersed in an aqueous solution having the following composition,
After drying at 120°C for 5 minutes, it was heat-treated at 180°C for 3 minutes. Boncoat R-3370 (Acrylic acid ester resin manufactured by Dainippon Ink Chemical Co., Ltd.) 80 parts by weight Trimethylolmelamine 3 Water 17 100 Furthermore, mortar prepared in advance (mixture ratio cement: sand: water = 4:8) was added to the structure. :1) was filled. Table 1 shows the properties and characteristics of the structure. The resulting structure had good mortar filling and good integrity after the mortar hardened. Example 2 A two-stage loom was used for both the upper and lower ground weave, and the warp was made of polyester spun yarn 20/2S, two (fourth
Figures 21a and 21b) are used to create a 5/inch twine weave, and the weft is vinylon spun yarn 5/2S (Figure 4).
a, 22b) at a rate of 5/inch. Both sides of the ground weave were supplied by a beam separate from the warp of the ground weave, and polyester monofilament 750 denier was used as the binding thread at the joint (Fig. 4, 23a, 23b). Connected vertically. FIG. 4 schematically shows a structural diagram of the obtained fabric. The fabric thus obtained has a thickness of approximately 5 cm.
It was a three-dimensional coarse mesh structure. Next, it is immersed in an aqueous solution having the following composition,
After drying at 130°C for 5 minutes, it was heat-treated at 200°C for 3 minutes. Resorcinol 11.0 parts by weight Formalin (37% aqueous solution) 16.2 Caustic soda 0.3 Styrene/butadiene Rubber latex (solid content 41%) 244.0 Water 238.4 509.9 According to Example 1, mortar was filled. 1st
The table shows the properties and characteristics of the structure. The resulting structure had extremely efficient mortar filling properties, that is, the ease with which mortar could enter the structure, and the integrity of the mortar after hardening, that is, the degree of adhesion between the mortar and the fiber structure, was also good. Comparative Example 1 A composite was produced in accordance with Example 1, except that all threads were threaded through the binding yarn reed and the rear needle bed reed. Table 1 shows the properties and characteristics of the obtained structure.
The mortar filling is poor and the integrity is poor. Comparative Examples 2 and 3 In Example 1, the thread insertion conditions of the rear needle bed reed were changed so that the fiber occupancy of the ground weave was 82% and 9%. A composite was prepared according to Example 1. Table 1 shows the properties and characteristics of the obtained structure.
If the fiber occupancy of one of the ground structures is greater than 80%, the filling properties of the mortar are poor, and if it is less than 10%, the reinforcing effect as a composite is small and the integrity with the mortar is poor. .

〔Effect of the invention〕

Since the fiber structure of the present invention is constructed as described above, it is a three-dimensional fiber structure having a large number of voids capable of holding various materials. Therefore, by using the fiber structure of the present invention, a thick retention/reinforcing layer can be formed and an excellent reinforcing effect can be provided. Furthermore, by using a composite fiber structure in which the fiber structure is filled with an appropriate filler, it is possible to achieve even more effective reinforcing effects at sites such as civil engineering work.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 and 2 are perspective views schematically showing the structure of an embodiment of the fiber structure of the present invention. This shows a case where a large number of spaces partitioned into shapes are provided. FIG. 3 is a knitting organization chart of Example 1, and FIG. 4 is a weaving organization chart of Example 2. FIG. 5 is a graph showing the compression characteristics of the fiber structure of the present invention and urethane foam as a comparative example. 1, 11... Fiber structure, 2, 12... Ground texture having a fiber occupancy rate of 10 to 80, 3, 13... Other ground texture,
4, 14...Connection part, 5, 15...Empty.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A fiber structure having a three-dimensional structure consisting of two ground textures on the front and back sides and a connecting part that connects the ground textures, wherein at least one of the ground textures has a fiber occupation rate of 10.
~80% formed by multiple threads,
A fibrous structure having a three-dimensional structure, characterized in that the fibrous structure is provided with a plurality of cavities that communicate with one or both of the front and back sides. 2. A fiber structure having a three-dimensional structure consisting of two ground textures on the front and back sides and a connection part that connects the ground textures, at least one of the ground textures is made into multiple yarns so that the fiber occupation rate is 10 to 80%. The fibrous structure is formed by a plurality of voids that communicate with either or both of the front and back sides of the fiber structure, and at least a portion of the plurality of voids are filled with a filler. fiber structure.