JPH0518531Y2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0518531Y2 JPH0518531Y2 JP1987104331U JP10433187U JPH0518531Y2 JP H0518531 Y2 JPH0518531 Y2 JP H0518531Y2 JP 1987104331 U JP1987104331 U JP 1987104331U JP 10433187 U JP10433187 U JP 10433187U JP H0518531 Y2 JPH0518531 Y2 JP H0518531Y2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- sleeve
- shift fork
- side wall
- lubricating oil
- shift
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
- F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
- F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
- F16H63/32—Gear shift yokes, e.g. shift forks
- F16H2063/324—Gear shift yokes, e.g. shift forks characterised by slide shoes, or similar means to transfer shift force to sleeve
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
- F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
- F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
- F16H63/32—Gear shift yokes, e.g. shift forks
Description
【考案の詳細な説明】
（産業上の利用分野〕
本考案は手動変速機のシフトフオークに関す
る。[Detailed Description of the Invention] (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a shift fork for a manual transmission.
（従来技術）
手動変速機のシフトフオークはシフトフオーク
シヤフトに組付けられてシンクロメツシユを構成
するクラツチハブスリーブの外周に設けた環状溝
に嵌合し、シフトレバーの操作により前記環状溝
の側壁面に当接して前記スリーブを軸方向へ摺動
させるものである。これにより、シンクロメツシ
ユにおいては、回転シヤフトと同シヤフト上に回
転可能に組付けたギヤを同期させ、前記スリーブ
を介してこれら両者を互いに結合させる。(Prior art) The shift fork of a manual transmission fits into an annular groove provided on the outer periphery of a clutch hub sleeve that is assembled to the shift fork shaft and forms a synchronized mesh. The sleeve is slid in the axial direction by coming into contact with a wall surface. As a result, in the synchromesh, the rotary shaft and the gear rotatably assembled on the shaft are synchronized, and the two are connected to each other via the sleeve.
しかして、かかるシフトフオークとスリーブと
においては、同スリーブの前記側壁面とこれに当
接するシフトフオークの当接面とが摺接するた
め、これら両面の摩耗を抑制する潤滑手段が実開
昭51−119474号公報、実開昭52−137278号公報に
示されている。 In such a shift fork and sleeve, since the side wall surface of the sleeve and the abutment surface of the shift fork that abuts on the side wall surface slide against the side wall surface of the sleeve, a lubricating means for suppressing wear on both surfaces has been proposed. This is shown in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 119474 and Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. 137278/1983.
（考案が解決しようとする問題点）
ところで、これら公報に示された各潤滑手段の
うち前者においてはスリーブの側壁面またはシフ
トフオークの当接面に潤滑油滞留用の凹部を形成
しているが、この凹部に滞留する潤滑油が限られ
るためこれらの両面が長時間にわたつて摺接する
と、潤滑油が枯渇して摩耗が激しくなる。また、
後者においてはシフトフオークの当接面の周方向
の一端部に面取部を形成するとともに、この面取
部を基端とし周方向に延びる油溝を形成している
が、油溝の形状および形成部位の関係からスリー
ブの環状溝の側壁面に付着するわずかな潤滑油の
みが油溝に導入されるにすぎず、スリーブの環状
溝の底面に付着する潤滑油が油溝に導入されるこ
とがない。このため、油溝の形成部位の近傍を除
いては前記両面に潤滑不良が発生することになる
とともに、上記環状溝の底面に付着する潤滑油の
有効利用が図れない。(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) By the way, among the lubrication means disclosed in these publications, in the former, a recess for lubricating oil retention is formed on the side wall surface of the sleeve or the contact surface of the shift fork. Since the amount of lubricating oil that stays in this recess is limited, if these two surfaces are in sliding contact for a long time, the lubricating oil will be depleted and wear will become severe. Also,
In the latter case, a chamfer is formed at one end in the circumferential direction of the contact surface of the shift fork, and an oil groove is formed with this chamfer as the base end and extends in the circumferential direction, but the shape of the oil groove and Due to the formation location, only a small amount of lubricating oil adhering to the side wall surface of the annular groove of the sleeve is introduced into the oil groove, and the lubricating oil adhering to the bottom surface of the annular groove of the sleeve is introduced into the oil groove. There is no. Therefore, lubrication failure occurs on both surfaces except in the vicinity of the area where the oil groove is formed, and the lubricating oil adhering to the bottom surface of the annular groove cannot be used effectively.
従つて、本考案の目的は、スリーブの側壁面と
これに当接するシフトフオークの当接面とを万遍
なく潤滑することにより、これら両面の摩耗を著
しく抑制することにある。 Therefore, an object of the present invention is to uniformly lubricate the side wall surface of the sleeve and the abutment surface of the shift fork that abuts the side wall surface, thereby significantly suppressing wear on both surfaces.
（問題点を解決するための手段）
本考案は上記した手動変速機のシフトフオーク
において、同シフトフオークにおける前記スリー
ブの前記側壁面に対向する当接面の周方向の両端
部に面取部を形成するとともに、同当接面の両面
取部間に当該シフトフオークの内周から外周側に
延びて同内周に至る円弧状の溝部を形成したこと
を特徴とするものである。(Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention provides a shift fork for the manual transmission described above, in which chamfered portions are provided at both ends in the circumferential direction of the contact surface facing the side wall surface of the sleeve in the shift fork. In addition, an arcuate groove extending from the inner periphery of the shift fork to the outer periphery and reaching the inner periphery is formed between the chamfered portions of the contact surface.
（考案の作用・効果）
かかる構成においては、スリーブの側壁面とこ
れに当接するシフトフオークの当接面との摺接時
周当接面の周方向の両端部に形成した面取部の一
方により、スリーブの側壁面に付着した潤滑油が
シフトフオークの当接面に導かれるとともに、同
当接面に導かれた潤滑油の一部およびスリーブの
側壁面に付着した潤滑油を底面に付着した潤滑油
とが常に円弧状の溝部に導かれて滞留する。特に
底面に付着する潤滑油は、スリーブの回転に起因
する遠心力の作用により円弧状溝部に効率よく導
かれて滞留する。同溝部に滞留する潤滑油は順次
導かれる潤滑油の作用にて同溝部から滲出し、摺
接状態にある両面間に常に潤滑油の油膜を形成し
かつこれを保持する。(Operations and effects of the invention) In this configuration, when the side wall surface of the sleeve and the contact surface of the shift fork that abuts on the side wall face slide, one of the chamfered portions formed at both ends of the circumferential contact surface in the circumferential direction As a result, the lubricating oil adhering to the side wall surface of the sleeve is guided to the contact surface of the shift fork, and some of the lubricating oil guided to the abutting surface and the lubricating oil adhering to the side wall surface of the sleeve are attached to the bottom surface. The lubricating oil is always guided into the arcuate groove and remains there. In particular, the lubricating oil adhering to the bottom surface is efficiently guided to the arcuate groove and remains there due to the action of centrifugal force caused by the rotation of the sleeve. The lubricating oil that remains in the groove oozes out from the groove by the action of the lubricating oil that is successively guided, and a film of lubricating oil is always formed and maintained between the two surfaces in sliding contact.
この結果、摺接時の両面間の潤滑は良好であ
り、これら両面の摩耗を著しく抑制することがで
きて、かかる摩耗に起因するシフト時のスリーブ
のストローク不足、スリーブとギヤスプラインと
の噛合長の不足によるギヤ抜けおよびこれら両者
の損傷、摩耗粉による潤滑油の汚損を防止するこ
とができる。 As a result, there is good lubrication between both surfaces during sliding contact, and wear on these surfaces can be significantly suppressed, reducing the lack of stroke of the sleeve during shifting caused by such wear, and the length of engagement between the sleeve and gear spline. It is possible to prevent gears from coming off due to lack of gear, damage to both of them, and contamination of lubricating oil due to abrasion powder.
（実施例）
以下本考案の一実施例を図面に基づいて説明す
るに、第１図には本考案に係るシフトフオークが
示されている。当該シフトフオーク１１は図示し
ないトランスミツシヨンのケース内に軸方向へ移
動可能に組付けたシフトフオークシヤフト１２に
固定的に組付けられていて、図示しないシフトレ
バーのシフト操作により第２図に示すシンクロメ
ツシユ２０を作動させる。(Embodiment) An embodiment of the present invention will be described below based on the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a shift fork according to the present invention. The shift fork 11 is fixedly assembled to a shift fork shaft 12 that is movably assembled in the axial direction within a transmission case (not shown), and is moved as shown in FIG. 2 by a shift operation of a shift lever (not shown). Activate the synchromesh 20.
シンクロメツシユ２０はボルグワーナ式のシン
クロメツシユでクラツチハブ２１、スリーブ２
２、シフテイングキー２３、キースプリング２４
およびシンクロナイザリング２５にて構成されて
いる。かかるシンクロメツシユ２０は公知のもの
で、クラツチハブ２１は回転シヤフト１３上に一
体回転可能に組付けられ、かつスリーブ２２はク
ラツチハブ２１の外スプラインに軸方向へ摺動可
能に嵌合している。シフテイングキー２３はクラ
ツチハブ２１の外周に複数設けた切欠溝内にそれ
ぞれ位置し、一対のキースプリング２４に支承さ
れてスリーブ２２の係合凹所に弾發的に係合して
いる。各シンクロナイザリング２５は回転シヤフ
ト１３上に回転可能に組付けた各ギヤ１４，１５
の筒部に固定的に組付けた各スプラインピース１
６，１７のテーパコーン部の外周に位置し、スリ
ーブ２２およびシフテイングキー２３に対向して
いる。 The synchronized mesh 20 is a Borgwana style synchronized mesh with a clutch hub 21 and a sleeve 2.
2. Shifting key 23, key spring 24
and a synchronizer ring 25. Such a synchromesh 20 is a known one, in which a clutch hub 21 is mounted on the rotary shaft 13 so as to be integrally rotatable, and a sleeve 22 is fitted onto an outer spline of the clutch hub 21 so as to be slidable in the axial direction. The shifting keys 23 are respectively located in a plurality of notched grooves provided on the outer periphery of the clutch hub 21, supported by a pair of key springs 24, and elastically engaged with engagement recesses of the sleeve 22. Each synchronizer ring 25 is connected to each gear 14, 15 rotatably assembled on the rotating shaft 13.
Each spline piece 1 fixedly assembled to the cylindrical part of
It is located on the outer periphery of the taper cone portions 6 and 17, and faces the sleeve 22 and the shifting key 23.
かかるシンクロメツシユ２０においては、スリ
ーブ２２の外周に形成した環状溝２２ａにシフト
フオーク１１の円弧状のフオーク部１１ａが嵌合
しており、シフトレバーのシフト操作によりシフ
トフオークシヤフト１２およびこれと一体のシフ
トフオーク１１を軸方向へ移動させると、同フオ
ーク１１のフオーク部１１ａの先端の両側の当接
面１１ｂ，１１ｃの一方がスリーブ２２の環状溝
２２ａを構成する両側壁面２２ｂ，２２ｃの一方
に当接してスリーブ２２を軸方向の一方へ摺動さ
せる。このスリーブ２２の摺動初期シフテイング
キー２３がスリーブ２２と一体的に移動してシン
クロナイザリング２５を押動し、同リング２５の
テーパコーン部をスプラインピース１６または１
７のテーパコーン部に摩擦係合させる。この際、
スリーブ２２とシンクロナイザリング２５間にボ
ーク作用が生じるとともにその後スプラインピー
ス１６または１７との間に同期が完了し、スリー
ブ２２はスプラインピース１６または１７に円滑
に噛合して回転シヤフト１３とギヤ１４または１
５と結合する。 In such a synchronizer mesh 20, the arc-shaped fork portion 11a of the shift fork 11 is fitted into an annular groove 22a formed on the outer periphery of the sleeve 22, and the shift fork shaft 12 and the same are integrated with each other by a shift operation of the shift lever. When the shift fork 11 is moved in the axial direction, one of the contact surfaces 11b and 11c on both sides of the tip of the fork portion 11a of the fork 11 is brought into contact with one of the both side wall surfaces 22b and 22c forming the annular groove 22a of the sleeve 22. The sleeve 22 is brought into contact with the sleeve 22 and slid in one direction in the axial direction. The initial sliding shifting key 23 of the sleeve 22 moves together with the sleeve 22 to push the synchronizer ring 25 and shift the taper cone of the ring 25 to the spline piece 16 or 1.
Frictionally engage the tapered cone portion of 7. On this occasion,
A balk action occurs between the sleeve 22 and the synchronizer ring 25, and synchronization is then completed between the sleeve 22 and the spline piece 16 or 17, and the sleeve 22 meshes smoothly with the spline piece 16 or 17, thereby connecting the rotating shaft 13 and the gear 14 or 1.
Combine with 5.
しかして、シフトフオーク１１の各当接面１１
ｂ，１１ｃの周方向の両端部には第１図および第
３図に示すように面取部１１d1，１１d2および１
１e1，１１e2が形成されており、また各当接面１
１ｂ，１１ｃには円弧状の溝部１１ｆ，１１ｇが
形成されている。各溝部１１ｆ，１１ｇは各当接
面１１ｂ，１１ｃにおける両面取部１１d1，１１
d2または１１e1，１１e2間に形成されていて、フ
オーク部１１ａの内周から外周側に延びて同内周
に至る円弧状に形成されている。 Therefore, each contact surface 11 of the shift fork 11
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, chamfered portions 11d 1 , 11d 2 and 1 are provided at both circumferential ends of b and 11c.
1e 1 and 11e 2 are formed, and each contact surface 1
Arc-shaped groove portions 11f and 11g are formed in 1b and 11c. Each groove portion 11f, 11g is a double-sided chamfered portion 11d 1 , 11 on each contact surface 11b, 11c.
It is formed between d 2 or 11e 1 and 11e 2 and is formed in an arc shape extending from the inner periphery of the fork portion 11a to the outer periphery side and reaching the inner periphery thereof.
かかる構成のシフトフオーク１１においては、
シフト操作時同フオーク１１の当接面１１ｂ，１
１ｃの一方のスリーブ２２の側壁面２２ｂ，２２
ｃの一方とが摺接する。この摺接時、シフトフオ
ーク１１における摺接側の当接面１１ｂまたは１
１ｃの一方の面取部１１d1，１１d2，１１e1また
は１１e2の作用により、スリーブ２２における摺
接側の側壁面２２ｂまたは２２ｃに付着した潤滑
油が摺接側の当接面１１ｂまたは１１ｃに導かれ
るとともに、同当接面に導かれた潤滑油の一部お
よびスリーブ２２の摺接側の側壁面２２ｂまたは
２２ｃ、スリーブ２２の底面２２ｄに付着した潤
滑油が常に溝部１１ｆまたは１１ｇに導かれて滞
留する。同溝部に滞留する潤滑油は順次導かれる
潤滑油の作用にて同溝部から滲出し、摺接状態に
ある両面１１ｂ，２２ｂまたは１１ｃ，２２ｃ間
に常に潤滑油の油膜を形成しかつこれを保持す
る。 In the shift fork 11 having such a configuration,
Contact surface 11b, 1 of fork 11 during shift operation
Side wall surfaces 22b, 22 of one sleeve 22 of 1c
One side of c is in sliding contact. During this sliding contact, the sliding contact surface 11b or 1 of the shift fork 11
Due to the action of one chamfered portion 11d 1 , 11d 2 , 11e 1 or 11e 2 of the sleeve 22, the lubricating oil adhering to the side wall surface 22b or 22c on the sliding side of the sleeve 22 is transferred to the contact surface 11b or 11c on the sliding side. At the same time, part of the lubricating oil guided to the contact surface and the lubricating oil adhering to the sliding side wall surface 22b or 22c of the sleeve 22 and the bottom surface 22d of the sleeve 22 are always guided to the groove portion 11f or 11g. It stays there. The lubricating oil that stays in the groove oozes out from the groove by the action of the lubricating oil that is successively guided, and always forms and maintains a lubricating oil film between both surfaces 11b, 22b or 11c, 22c that are in sliding contact. do.
この結果、摺接時の両面間の潤滑は良好であ
り、これら両者の摩耗を著しく抑制することがで
きる。従つて、これら両面の摩耗に起因するシフ
ト時におけるスリーブ２２のストローク不良、ス
リーブ２２とスプラインピース１６，１７との噛
合長の不足によるギヤ抜けおよびこれら両者の損
傷、摩耗粉による潤滑油の汚損を防止することが
できる。本実施例に係るシフトフオーク１１にお
いては特に、スリーブ２２の環状溝２２ａの底面
２２ｄに付着する潤滑油を遠心力の作用により円
弧状の各溝部１１ｆ，１１ｇ内に効率よく導くも
のであり、各両面１１ｂ，２２ｂ間、および１１
ｃ，２２ｃ間への潤滑油の供給が極めて良好であ
る。 As a result, the lubrication between both surfaces during sliding contact is good, and wear on both surfaces can be significantly suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to prevent poor stroke of the sleeve 22 during shifting due to wear on both sides, gear slippage due to insufficient engagement length between the sleeve 22 and the spline pieces 16 and 17, damage to both, and contamination of the lubricating oil by wear particles. It can be prevented. In particular, in the shift fork 11 according to this embodiment, the lubricating oil adhering to the bottom surface 22d of the annular groove 22a of the sleeve 22 is efficiently guided into each of the arcuate grooves 11f and 11g by the action of centrifugal force. Between both surfaces 11b and 22b, and 11
The supply of lubricating oil between c and 22c is extremely good.
なお、本実施例においては、シフトフオーク１
１の各当接面１１ｂ，１１ｃに１つの溝部１１
ｆ，１１ｇを形成した例について示したが、本考
案においては第４図に示すように２つの溝部１１
f1，１１f2，１１g1，１１g2またはそれ以上の溝
部を形成してもよい。 In addition, in this embodiment, the shift fork 1
One groove 11 on each contact surface 11b, 11c of 1
Although the example in which grooves 11g and 11g are formed has been shown, in the present invention, two grooves 11g are formed as shown in FIG.
Grooves of f 1 , 11f 2 , 11g 1 , 11g 2 or more may be formed.
第１図は本考案の一実施例に係るシフトフオー
クの側面図、第２図は同フオークを使用したシン
クロメツシユの部分断面図、第３図は同フオーク
の第１図矢印方向からみた先端部内周面図、第
４図は同フオークの変形例を示す先端部側面図で
ある。
符号の説明、１１……シフトフオーク、１１
ｂ，１１ｃ……当接面、１１d1，１１d2，１１
e1，１１e2……面取部、１１ｆ，１１ｇ……溝
部、２０……シンクロメツシユ、２２……スリー
ブ、２２ａ……環状溝、２２ｂ，２２ｃ……側壁
面。
Figure 1 is a side view of a shift fork according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 is a partial sectional view of a synchronized mesh using the same fork, and Figure 3 is the tip of the fork seen in the direction of the arrow in Figure 1. FIG. 4 is a side view of the tip of a modified example of the fork. Explanation of codes, 11...shift fork, 11
b, 11c... contact surface, 11d 1 , 11d 2 , 11
e 1 , 11e 2 ... Chamfered portion, 11f, 11g ... Groove portion, 20 ... Synchromesh, 22 ... Sleeve, 22a ... Annular groove, 22b, 22c ... Side wall surface.
Claims (1)
ロメツシユを構成するクラツチハブスリーブの外
周に設けた環状溝に嵌合し、シフトレバーの操作
により前記環状溝の側壁面に当接して前記スリー
ブを軸方向へ摺動させる手動変速機のシフトフオ
ークにおいて、当該シフトフオークにおける前記
スリーブの前記側壁面に対向する当接面の周方向
の両端部に面取部を形成するとともに、同当接面
の両面取部間に当該シフトフオークの内周から外
周側に延びて同内周に至る円弧状の溝部を形成し
たことを特徴とする手動変速機のシフトフオー
ク。 It fits into an annular groove provided on the outer periphery of a clutch hub sleeve that is assembled to a shift forkshaft and constitutes a synchronized mesh, and when the shift lever is operated, it comes into contact with the side wall surface of the annular groove and moves the sleeve in the axial direction. In a shift fork of a sliding manual transmission, chamfers are formed at both circumferential ends of a contact surface facing the side wall surface of the sleeve of the shift fork, and chamfers on both sides of the contact surface. A shift fork for a manual transmission, characterized in that an arc-shaped groove extending from an inner circumference to an outer circumference of the shift fork is formed in between.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1987104331U JPH0518531Y2 (en) | 1987-07-07 | 1987-07-07 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1987104331U JPH0518531Y2 (en) | 1987-07-07 | 1987-07-07 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6410822U JPS6410822U (en) | 1989-01-20 |
| JPH0518531Y2 true JPH0518531Y2 (en) | 1993-05-17 |
Family
ID=31335951
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1987104331U Expired - Lifetime JPH0518531Y2 (en) | 1987-07-07 | 1987-07-07 |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0518531Y2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100440310B1 (en) * | 2001-12-14 | 2004-07-15 | 현대자동차주식회사 | shift fork structure for manual transmission system |
| JP7325065B2 (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2023-08-14 | 株式会社ユニバンス | Gear shift operating device |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS57418U (en) * | 1980-05-30 | 1982-01-05 |
-
1987
- 1987-07-07 JP JP1987104331U patent/JPH0518531Y2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS57418U (en) * | 1980-05-30 | 1982-01-05 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6410822U (en) | 1989-01-20 |
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