JPH05184193A - Electronic control motor for single phase connection - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To improve the efficiency of a control motor, increase the number of revolutions to be attained in a constitution specification for high-speed operation, dispense with the use of a frequency converter, and realize cost reduction. CONSTITUTION: A stator current is turned on by a power semiconductor element 11, only in a rotor-rotating angle region wherein high torque is generated. A control electrode of the power semiconductor element 11 is controlled by using an optical semiconductor element 9.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the stator (stator).
The present invention relates to a single-phase electronically controlled motor configured so that an electric current is controlled by a rotor via a power semiconductor element and is connected in a rotational angle region where torque is formed.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A motor according to the superordinate concept is used for driving a blower (blower), a mixer, a winding device, etc. Used to drive equipment that requires long operating times without maintenance work. In short, commutators and motors with carbon brushes are not suitable. Such motors for suction blowers must operate at approximately 300 / S. For other uses, in many cases a motor operating at 50 / S depending on the power supply frequency is sufficient. It is often necessary or advantageous to maintain an exact rotational speed, i.e. a synchronous rotational speed, so that phase-split motors or capacitor motors are not suitable.

A motor of that kind should be connected to a single-phase alternating current, since it is generally made available.

For the purpose of use as a synchronous motor, a hysteresis motor is suitable if it has sufficient efficiency. For this purpose, attempts have been proposed for relatively high-efficiency motors in which the control semiconductor is arranged in the rotor (publication DE 3815737A1) or in relatively high-efficiency motors in which the control pole is arranged in the stator. Attempts have been proposed (German patent application P4
003455.0 and P4012561.0).

[0005]

It is an object of the present invention to further improve the efficiency of such a motor, increase the number of revolutions to be achieved for a high speed operating configuration and use a frequency converter. It is not necessary to do so, so that the cost can be remarkably reduced. Another object of the present invention is to reduce the cost for the manufacturing equipment structure and the manufacturing cost for a relatively high number. Yet another object of the present invention is to align the stator and rotor with respect to the motor lamella construction exclusively for high torque generation and to spatially separate the controls therefor.

[0006]

The above problems can be solved as follows.
That is, the stator current is applied and connected by the power semiconductor element only in the rotor rotation angle region where high torque is generated, and the control electrode of the power semiconductor element is controlled by using the optical semiconductor element. The above-mentioned control is performed as follows: one diaphragm disk having two window openings is rotated together with the rotor, and this diaphragm disk releases a light beam generated by a light source, for example, an infrared transmitting LED. It is shielded so that the rotor is a reluctance rotor with salient pole pairs without a shorting cage or coil.

When it is desired to use the motor as a self (automatic) high speed synchronous motor, a thyristor is used as a power semiconductor device. In this case, the diaphragm disk has a window opening which extends only over a small rotation angle of approximately 10 to 20 °. This is because the thyristor must be connected (operated) and automatically shut off only when the phase current is zero. The rotor is tuned as follows: it has the greatest overlap at that point in time so that a synchronous speed is obtained.

The motor is connected to a power supply AC voltage.
The thyristor is activated only during the positive half-wave. When the load moment is significantly higher than the generated torque, n = f
The number of rotations of / 2 is adjusted, otherwise n = f is adjusted.

When the motor is to be used at a high rotation speed corresponding to that of a universal motor, a thyristor is used as a power semiconductor device. In this case, the diaphragm disk has a window opening (which is open over a rotation angle of 50-80 °), since the transistor has the same length as the control current flows through its control electrode. This is because only the operating connection is established. When the motor is connected to a commutated alternating current, its rotational speed increases until the torque produced at the load moment is reached.

Since the rotor, together with the diaphragm disk, can only be started when it is positioned at the angle of rotation at which the light strikes the optical semiconductor element, advantageously small permanent magnets are arranged in the stator in the following manner: During the force operation, the rotor is arranged to be stopped and fixedly held at a position advantageous for starting.

The motor of the present invention may be constructed with one or more stator pole pairs. The synchronous speed of the frequency divided by the number of pole pairs is then adjusted, as is known from other motor types. On the contrary, in the case of a high-speed operating configuration with a transistor as a power semiconductor element, the torque is increased together with the number of pole pairs, which leads to a relatively high rotational speed under a uniform load moment.

In an embodiment of the invention, known means are provided in the electronic circuit for limiting the current through the collector-emitter section of the transistor as follows: the base of the transistor is controlled accordingly. Known means for limiting the current are provided. Such a current limit makes it unnecessary for the transistor to be designed for starting currents which are significantly higher than the operating current, since the transistor remains active for a relatively long time each time at a low rotational speed. This is because the action and influence exerted by the induction resistance (impedance) of the stator coil are reduced.

When using an automatic (self-) starting synchronous motor with a high or significantly high speed, the motor according to the invention can be connected to a frequency converter together with a thyristor, under which a block voltage is applied. There is a cost advantage in that a single-phase configuration according to, i.e. the simplest configuration, is sufficient.

In the configuration form of the invention, the electronic circuit is provided with means for guiding a single closing connection pulse to the control electrode of the power semiconductor element after the closing connection, thereby starting or assisting the starting of the motor. The electronic means may be a combination of capacitors and resistors in a known manner.

In another form of the invention, the opto-semiconductor component (for which a phototransistor is preferably used) is augmented by another transistor stage in a manner known per se, whereby a phototransistor is provided. Can be replaced with a photodiode.

According to a further development of the invention, the luminous flux is produced by a glow lamp, whereby a further simplification of the circuit and a reinforcement of the synchronous operation are achieved.

According to still another aspect of the present invention, a power FET transistor is used as the power semiconductor device.

In yet another form of the invention, the stator is configured as an inner stator with one or more pole pairs and the rotor is configured as a reluctance-outer rotor with one pole pair.

According to yet another aspect of the invention, the reluctance rotor is formed from circular stratified plates, which have notched sections for producing salient pole shapes, in which case the arcuate web portion is It is as narrow as it can be made possible by stamping techniques. At the ends of the two axial rotors, circular stratification plates without cut sections are mounted. Depending on its construction, the noise normally produced by the edges of salient pole rotors is reduced. As a supplement or alternative to such noise reduction means, the stator pole gap may be filled with a cylinder or cylinder shell portion as follows: the stator smoothly surrounds the rotor radially in a cylinder. It is good to be filled like this. Those parts forming one cylinder body are preferably made of plastic.

[0020]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT One embodiment of the present invention is shown as a synchronous motor or a fast acting motor.

In FIG. 1, 1 is a stator, 2 is a stator winding, 3 is a reluctance rotor, 4 is a rotor shaft, and 5 is a permanent magnet.

The reluctance rotor 3 is shown in the starting rotational position, in which position it is held by the permanent magnet 5.

In FIG. 2, 4 is a rotor shaft, 6 is a diaphragm disk having a window opening 7, and 8 is a photoelectric detection system. The diaphragm disk with the window opening 7 is shown in the starting position.

In FIG. 3, 4 is a rotor shaft, 6 is a diaphragm disk, 8 is a light source, for example, a photoelectric detection system having an infrared-transmission-LED 9, and 10 is a phototransistor.

In FIG. 4, 2 is a stator winding, 11 is a thyristor having a diac 12, and 9 is a phototransistor forming a photoelectric detection system 8 together with the transmitter-LED 10.
The pre-resistor 15 is required for the transmitter LED 10. A small voltage required for the photoelectric detection system 8 is sent from the transformer 16, and this small voltage is rectified by the diode 17. Instead of the diode 17, a full-wave rectifier as indicated by 29 in FIG. 5 can be used. Depending on the diode 18, the current is returned to the negative terminal of the transformer 16 through the phototransistor 9 and this is merely for the sake of clarity.
It can be replaced by a connecting line. Reference number 1
3 is a free wheel diode.

In FIG. 5, only those different from those in FIG. 4 will be described.

The full-wave rectifier 19 converts an alternating current for the transistor 20 into a pulsed direct current. The capacitor 21 can be used for its smoothing. The resistor 22, the capacitor 23, and the diode 24 are used in a known manner for over-exciting at the time of making connection and for increasing the depletion rate (Ausraeumungsfaktor) for the transistor 20. The diode 25 and the resistor 26 are used in a known manner for freewheeling the stator winding 2 for inductive breaking currents. Varistor 27 protects transistor 20 in a known manner against excessively high blocking voltages. The capacitor 28 can be used for smoothing the pulsed DC voltage from the full wave rectifier 29.

In FIG. 5, the diode 30 together with the resistor 31 shows an example of blocking an excessively high current flowing through the transistor 20, as one of many known methods. This is because the voltage drop also rises depending on the current flowing through the stator winding 2, and thus the base current in the transistor 20, and hence the collector current, are reduced.

4 and 5, the dashed line 32 summarizes the required electronic means for each stator pole pair.

In FIG. 6, reference numeral 33 denotes a reluctance rotor 33 having a low noise structure, which is provided with a notch section, but a cover disk is not shown. 4 is an axis.

[0031]

According to the present invention, the efficiency of the motor is further improved, the number of rotations to be achieved is increased with respect to the configuration specifications that operate at high speed, and no frequency converter is required. There is an effect that the cost can be reduced.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of an embodiment of a motor of the present invention having a stator pole pair.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of a diaphragm disk having a photoelectric detection system.

FIG. 3 is a side view of a diaphragm disk having a photoelectric detection system.

FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of an electronic circuit for a synchronous motor of the present invention including a thyristor.

FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of an electronic circuit for a high speed motor of the present invention, which includes a transistor.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a reluctance rotor with a low noise configuration.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 stator 2 stator winding 3 reluctance rotor 4 rotor shaft 5 permanent magnet 6 diaphragm disk 7 window opening

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. An electronically controlled motor for single-phase connection, wherein a current flowing through a stator (stator) winding is connected to make a connection in a rotation angle region where a high torque is formed by a power semiconductor. An electronically controlled motor for single-phase connection, comprising a reluctance rotor having a pole pair, a photoelectric detection system control unit for a control electrode of a power semiconductor, and a diaphragm disk on a rotor shaft. 2. A thyristor as a power semiconductor and an electronic circuit for connection to a power supply (network) AC voltage or frequency converter, whereby the synchronous speed can be adjusted. The electronic control motor for single-phase connection according to claim 1. 3. Use of a transistor as a power semiconductor, an electronic circuit for connection to a power supply AC voltage via a full-wave rectifier and for direct connection to a DC voltage, and a change in the base current of the transistor. 2. An electronically controlled motor for single-phase connection according to claim 1, further comprising an electronic circuit portion for limiting a height of current flowing through the transistor. 4. A stator (stator) having one or more pole pairs, and an electronic circuit part required for each stator pole pair, wherein the stator is an outer stator with an inner rotor. Motor according to claim 1, which is configured as or as an inner stator with an outer rotor, the rotor always having pole pairs. 5. One photoelectric detection system for each stator pole pair, said photoelectric detection system being for example by a light emitting transmitter diode in the region of the infrared beam, or by a glow lamp, by a phototransistor or by a phototransistor. A diode is optionally formed with the transistor amplifier stage, where a plurality of photoelectric detection systems are provided.
The motor according to claim 1, wherein the motor is configured so that it can be combined into one component unit. 6. The stator includes, for example, a small-sized permanent magnet, and the permanent magnet stops the salient-pole reluctance rotor at a rotation angle position advantageous for the starting during elliptic force operation and holds it fixedly. The motor according to claim 1, which is configured to: 7. A series connection body of a capacitor and a resistor is provided between a positive electrode and a negative electrode of a control voltage, and the control electrode of the power semiconductor is connected between the positive electrode and the negative electrode after each closing connection. 2. The motor according to claim 1, wherein the one-time closing connection pulse to the motor is arranged to be taken out using a fixed connection line, wherein the capacitor is bridged by a discharge resistor. 8. A reluctance rotor comprising a circular shaped sheet, wherein the salient pole shape is formed by a notched section forming a narrow annular member, and / or
Alternatively, it has a stator jacket using a cylindrical or cylinder shell member, whereby the stator surrounds the rotor at least substantially smoothly in the radial direction. motor.