JPH05176656A - Rodlike reinforcing elastic body - Google Patents
Rodlike reinforcing elastic bodyInfo
- Publication number
- JPH05176656A JPH05176656A JP3345422A JP34542291A JPH05176656A JP H05176656 A JPH05176656 A JP H05176656A JP 3345422 A JP3345422 A JP 3345422A JP 34542291 A JP34542291 A JP 34542291A JP H05176656 A JPH05176656 A JP H05176656A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- rod
- frp
- bending
- elastic body
- rubber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Revetment (AREA)
- Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、曲げ変形に対しての剛
性が大きく、かつ曲げの許容限度が大きいことが要求さ
れるイケス枠、桟橋、旗や鯉のぼり用のポール等に使用
される棒状補強弾性体に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a bar-shaped member used for an Ikes frame, a pier, a flag, a pole for carp streamers, etc., which is required to have a large rigidity against bending deformation and a large bending limit. Reinforcement elastic body.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来より、イケス枠、桟橋、旗や鯉のぼ
り用のポール等には、曲げ変形に対しての剛性が大き
く、かつ破壊作用に対して変形で対応できるよう曲げの
許容限度が大きいことが要求されるため、竹、木材、プ
ラスチック、繊維強化プラスチック（以下、ＦＲＰ(Fib
er Reinforced Plastics) という）等が使用されてい
た。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a cage frame, a pier, a flag, a pole for a carp streamer, etc. have a large rigidity against bending deformation and have a large bending allowable limit so as to be able to cope with a breaking effect by deformation. Therefore, bamboo, wood, plastic, fiber reinforced plastic (hereinafter, FRP (Fib
er Reinforced Plastics)) was used.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記既存の部材の問題
点を以下に示す。 （１）竹および木材 竹や木材は、産地により材質が異なったり、あるいは産
地が同じであっても個々に材質が微妙に異なるため、同
じ材質のものを揃えるのが困難となっていた。また、１
０ｍ以上の長さの竹や木材は少ないため、長さに制限を
受ける。特に、竹の場合、根元と先端で太さが違うた
め、使用範囲が限定されていると共に、節があるので、
全体としての剛性が高まるものの、節の箇所と筒の箇所
とでの剛性が異なり、一様でない。そのため、１か所に
傷ができると、傷が軸方向に成長し割れてしまう。さら
に、竹や木材は、水中あるいは土中等で長期に使用する
と、腐食する。 （２）プラスチック、ＦＲＰ プラスチック、ＦＲＰでは、曲げ剛性を大きくするに
は、高価な補強繊維を用いなけらばならない。あるい
は、断面２次モーメントを大きくするためには、太い径
のものを用いなければならない。太い径のものを用いる
と、曲げ剛性は大きくなるが、曲げ許容限度が小さくな
るばかりか、価格も高くなる。プラスチック、ＦＲＰに
は、パイプ形状のものもあるが、パイプ形状のものは曲
げ変形時の座屈の問題がある。さらに、耐候性に問題を
生じる場合もある。The problems of the above existing members are shown below. (1) Bamboo and timber Bamboo and timber have different materials depending on the place of origin, or even if the places of origin are the same, the materials are slightly different, making it difficult to prepare the same materials. Also, 1
There are few bamboos and timbers with a length of 0 m or more, so the length is limited. Especially in the case of bamboo, since the root and tip have different thicknesses, the range of use is limited and there are knots,
Although the rigidity as a whole is increased, the rigidity is different between the node part and the tube part, and is not uniform. Therefore, if a flaw is formed in one place, the flaw grows in the axial direction and is cracked. Furthermore, bamboo and wood corrode when used in water or soil for a long time. (2) Plastic, FRP For plastics and FRP, expensive reinforcing fibers must be used to increase bending rigidity. Alternatively, in order to increase the second moment of area, it is necessary to use one having a large diameter. If a thicker diameter is used, the bending rigidity increases, but not only the bending allowable limit decreases, but also the price increases. Some plastics and FRPs have a pipe shape, but the pipe shape has a problem of buckling during bending deformation. Further, it may cause a problem in weather resistance.
【０００４】また、プラスチック、ＦＲＰについては、
複数の棒状のプラスチック、ＦＲＰを接着によって一体
化して複合化すると、その本数以上の曲げ剛性が得られ
ることが知られている。例えば、３本のプラスチック、
ＦＲＰを一体化せず、単に束ねただけでは、その曲げ剛
性が単に断面２次モーメントが３倍になるだけで、３倍
変形しにくくなる。つまり、３倍強く、かつ３倍の曲げ
剛性となるだけで、ある程度の変形を必要とするイケス
枠、桟橋、旗や鯉のぼり用のポール等に使用するメリッ
トはない。これに対し、上述のように、３本のプラスチ
ック、ＦＲＰに母材（マトリクス）を介在させて、３本
のプラスチック、ＦＲＰを接着により一体化して１本と
して変形するようにすると、その断面２次モーメントは
１本のプラスチック、ＦＲＰの場合の断面２次モーメン
トの１１倍となり、単に３本束ねただけのときと比べ
て、曲げ剛性で１１÷３＝３．６７倍の複合化、一体化
の効果が得られる。Regarding plastic and FRP,
It is known that when a plurality of rod-shaped plastics and FRPs are integrated by adhesion to form a composite, flexural rigidity more than that number can be obtained. For example, 3 plastics,
If the FRPs are not integrated but simply bundled, the bending rigidity of the FRPs is only tripled, and the bending rigidity is not tripled. In other words, it is only three times stronger and has three times the bending rigidity, and there is no merit when it is used for an exhaust frame, a pier, a flag, a pole for carp streamers, etc., which requires some deformation. On the other hand, as described above, when the base material (matrix) is interposed between the three plastics and the FRP and the three plastics and the FRP are integrally bonded and deformed into one, the cross section 2 The second moment is 11 times the second moment of area in the case of one plastic and FRP, and the bending rigidity is 11 ÷ 3 = 3.67 times more complex and integrated than when only three bundles are bundled. The effect of is obtained.
【０００５】しかし、上記の例では、断面積の大きな、
すなわち太い径のプラスチック、ＦＲＰを１本用いる場
合と比べると、その曲げ許容限度は著しく小さくなって
しまう。また、この例では、プラスチック、ＦＲＰとマ
トリクスとの接着強さと、マトリクスの同等か、あるい
はそれ以上の破壊強さが必要である。本発明は、上記に
鑑み、断面２次モーメントの大きい、すなわち径の大き
いＦＲＰ棒と同等の曲げ剛性を得、しかも径の大きいＦ
ＲＰ棒よりも曲げに対する許容限度も大きくなる棒状補
強弾性体の提供を目的とする。However, in the above example, the cross-sectional area is large,
That is, as compared with the case of using one plastic having a large diameter and FRP, the bending allowable limit thereof becomes remarkably small. Further, in this example, the adhesive strength between the plastic, FRP and the matrix and the breaking strength equal to or higher than that of the matrix are required. In view of the above, the present invention obtains a bending rigidity equivalent to that of an FRP rod having a large second moment of area, that is, a large diameter, and an F having a large diameter.
An object of the present invention is to provide a rod-shaped reinforcing elastic body having a larger allowable limit for bending than that of an RP rod.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明による課題解決手
段は、母材である棒状のゴム中に、複数の棒状の繊維強
化プラスチックからなる芯材を、軸方向に沿って互いに
接着した状態で埋設したものである。[Means for Solving the Problems] According to the means for solving the problems according to the present invention, a plurality of rod-shaped cores made of fiber-reinforced plastic are bonded to each other in an axial direction in a rod-shaped rubber as a base material. It is buried.
【０００７】[0007]
【作用】上記課題解決手段において、母材である棒状の
ゴム中に、棒状の繊維強化プラスチックからなる芯材
を、軸方向に沿って互いに接着した状態で埋設している
から、曲げ剛性が強くなるといったゴム棒と繊維強化プ
ラスチック棒との複合化の効果が得られる。また、ゴム
棒と繊維強化プラスチック棒との複合化のメリットに加
えて、断面２次モーメントの大きい、すなわち径の大き
い維強化プラスチック棒と同等の曲げ剛性を得、しかも
径の大きい維強化プラスチック棒よりも曲げに対する許
容限度も大きくなる。In the above means for solving the problems, since the core material made of the rod-shaped fiber-reinforced plastic is embedded in the rod-shaped rubber as the base material in a state of being bonded to each other along the axial direction, the bending rigidity is strong. The effect of compounding a rubber rod and a fiber reinforced plastic rod is obtained. Further, in addition to the merit of combining a rubber rod and a fiber-reinforced plastic rod, a flexural rigidity equivalent to that of a fiber-reinforced plastic rod having a large second moment of area, that is, a large diameter, and a large-diameter fiber-reinforced plastic rod are obtained. The allowable limit for bending is also larger than that.
【０００８】[0008]
【実施例】以下、本発明の一実施例を図１に基づいて説
明する。図１は本発明の一実施例に係る棒状補強弾性体
の断面図である。本実施例の棒状補強弾性体は、母材
（マトリクス）であるゴム棒１中に、接着処理を施した
４本の繊維強化プラスチック（以下、ＦＲＰ(Fiber Rei
nforced Plastics) という）棒２からなる芯材（コア）
を、軸方向に沿って互いに接着した状態で埋設して、ゴ
ム棒１とＦＲＰ棒２とを一体化したものである。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a rod-shaped reinforcing elastic body according to an embodiment of the present invention. The rod-shaped reinforcing elastic body of the present embodiment has four fiber-reinforced plastics (hereinafter, FRP (Fiber Rei
ncored plastics) core made up of bars 2
Is embedded in a state of being bonded to each other along the axial direction, and the rubber rod 1 and the FRP rod 2 are integrated.
【０００９】上記ゴム棒１は、破壊に対して変形で対抗
できるよう許容変形量が大きく、またＦＲＰ棒２との接
着強さが大きいものが使用されており、その径はφ３０
ｍｍ、曲げ剛性は２７０００ｋｇｍｍ2 である。上記Ｆ
ＲＰ棒２は、例えば不飽和ポリエステル／ガラス繊維の
引き抜き成形品であり、その径はφ３ｍｍ、曲げ剛性は
１７０００ｋｇｍｍ2 である。The rubber rod 1 has a large permissible deformation amount so that it can be counteracted by deformation against breakage, and has a large adhesive strength with the FRP rod 2, and its diameter is φ30.
mm, flexural rigidity is 27,000 kgmm 2 . Above F
The RP rod 2 is, for example, an unsaturated polyester / glass fiber pultruded product, and has a diameter of 3 mm and a bending rigidity of 17,000 kgmm 2 .
【００１０】そして、本出願人は、上記実施例と、ＦＲ
Ｐ棒４本をゴムと非接着の状態で挿入した場合（以下、
比較例という）との曲げ剛性を比較検討した。この結
果、比較例の曲げ剛性は９５０００ｋｇｍｍ2 となり、
単にＦＲＰ棒４本分の曲げ剛性（１７０００ｋｇｍｍ2
×４）とゴム分の曲げ剛性（２７０００ｋｇｍｍ2 ）と
を加算した値となるにすぎず、何ら力学的メリットはな
いことが判明した。これに対し、実施例の曲げ剛性は４
１３０００ｋｇｍｍ2 となる。この値は、比較例の約
４．３倍（４１３０００ｋｇｍｍ2 ／９５０００ｋｇｍ
ｍ2 ）であり、複合化の効果が現れることが判明した。Then, the applicant of the present invention has
When four P rods are inserted without being adhered to rubber (hereinafter,
(Comparative example) and the flexural rigidity were compared and examined. As a result, the bending rigidity of the comparative example was 95,000 kgmm 2 ,
Bending rigidity of only 4 FRP rods (17,000 kgmm 2
X4) and the bending rigidity of the rubber component (27,000 kgmm 2 ), only the value was obtained, and it was found that there was no mechanical merit. On the other hand, the bending rigidity of the example is 4
It becomes 13000 kgmm 2 . This value is approximately 4.3 times that of Comparative Example (413000kgmm 2 / 95000kgm
m 2 ) and it was revealed that the compounding effect appears.
【００１１】次に、実施例の曲げ剛性と、断面２次モー
メントの大きい、すなわちφ７ｍｍと径の大きいＦＲＰ
棒１本の曲げ剛性との比較を行った。この結果、φ７ｍ
ｍのＦＲＰ棒１本の曲げ剛性は３８５０００ｋｇｍｍ2
であり、実施例の構成にすれば、φ７ｍｍのＦＲＰ棒の
曲げ剛性と同等以上の曲げ剛性を得ることができること
も明らかとなった。Next, an FRP having a large bending rigidity and a large second moment of area, that is, a large diameter of φ7 mm.
A comparison was made with the bending rigidity of one rod. As a result, φ7m
The bending rigidity of one FRP rod of m is 385,000 kgmm 2
Therefore, it is also clear that with the configuration of the embodiment, it is possible to obtain a bending rigidity equal to or higher than the bending rigidity of the φ7 mm FRP rod.
【００１２】さらに、ここで上記実施例とφ７ｍｍのＦ
ＲＰ棒１本との曲げ破壊が生じる最小曲げ半径を考察す
ると、φ７ｍｍのＦＲＰ棒の最小曲げ半径ｒ＝２０４ｍ
ｍに対し、実施例で使用されたたφ３ｍｍのＦＲＰ棒の
最小曲げ半径ｒ＝７７ｍｍであり、φ３ｍｍのＦＲＰ棒
を４本をゴムを母材として一体化した実施例は、少なく
とも曲げ半径ｒ＝２０４ｍｍになっても破壊（折れな
い）と推察される。つまり、実施例は、φ７ｍｍのＦＲ
Ｐ棒よりも曲げに対する許容限度が大きくなる。Further, here, the above embodiment and F of φ7 mm are used.
Considering the minimum bending radius that causes bending failure with one RP rod, the minimum bending radius r of the φ7 mm FRP rod is 204 m.
m is the minimum bending radius r of the FRP rod of φ3 mm used in the example r = 77 mm, and in the example in which four FRP rods of φ3 mm are integrated with rubber as a base material, at least the bending radius r = It is presumed that it will be broken (does not break) even if it reaches 204 mm. In other words, the example is FR of φ7 mm
The allowable limit for bending is larger than that of the P rod.
【００１３】すなわち、本実施例の棒状補強弾性体は、
マトリクスであるゴム棒１中に、コアである接着処理を
施したＦＲＰ棒２を、軸方向に沿って互いに接着した状
態で埋設しているから、単にＦＲＰ棒を４本束ねただけ
の場合と比べて曲げ剛性が強くなるといったゴム棒１と
ＦＲＰ棒２との複合化の効果が得られる。また、この複
合化のメリットに加えて、断面２次モーメントの大き
い、すなわち径の大きいＦＲＰ棒と同等の曲げ剛性を
得、しかも径の大きいＦＲＰ棒よりも曲げに対する許容
限度も大きくすることができる。よって、この棒状補強
弾性体は、曲げ変形に対しての剛性が大きく、かつ曲げ
の許容限度が大きいことが要求されるイケス枠、桟橋、
旗や鯉のぼり用のポール等の使用に最適となる。That is, the rod-shaped reinforcing elastic body of this embodiment is
Since the FRP rods 2 that have been subjected to the adhesion treatment, which are the cores, are embedded in the rubber rods 1 that are the matrix in a state where they are adhered to each other along the axial direction, there is a case where only four FRP rods are bundled. Compared with this, the effect of combining the rubber rod 1 and the FRP rod 2 such that the bending rigidity becomes stronger can be obtained. Further, in addition to the merit of this combination, bending rigidity equivalent to that of a FRP rod having a large second moment of area, that is, a large diameter can be obtained, and the allowable limit for bending can be made larger than that of an FRP rod having a large diameter. .. Therefore, this rod-shaped reinforcing elastic body has a high rigidity against bending deformation and a large allowable limit of bending.
It is best used for flags and poles for streamers.
【００１４】なお、本発明は上記実施例に限定されるも
のではなく、本発明の範囲で上記実施例に多くの修正お
よび変更を加え得ることは勿論である。例えば、上記実
施例では４本のＦＲＰ棒を使用した例について記載した
が、棒状補強弾性体として等方性が必要な場合には、図
２（ａ）（ｂ）のように、例えば３本あるいは７本のＦ
ＲＰ棒を断面方向に対して対称の位置に配置すればよ
い。また、棒状補強弾性体として異方性が要求される場
合には、２本のＦＲＰ棒を使用するなら、図３（ａ）に
おいて２本のＦＲＰ棒を縦方向に並べるか横方向になら
べるかで剛性が異なり、あるいは図３（ｂ）のように、
３本のＦＲＰ棒を一列に並べた形で配置すれば、より顕
著にその効果が現れる。このように、ＦＲＰ棒の本数、
配列を変えるだけで、要求される曲げ剛性、曲げの許容
限度に応じた自由な設計が可能となり、また長さ、太さ
も自由に設計できる。The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and it goes without saying that many modifications and changes can be made to the above embodiment within the scope of the present invention. For example, although an example using four FRP rods has been described in the above embodiment, if isotropicity is required for the rod-shaped reinforcing elastic body, for example, as shown in FIGS. Or 7 F
The RP rod may be arranged at a symmetrical position with respect to the cross-sectional direction. Further, when anisotropy is required as the rod-shaped reinforcing elastic body, if two FRP rods are used, whether the two FRP rods are arranged vertically or horizontally in FIG. 3A. The rigidity is different, or as shown in Fig. 3 (b),
If the three FRP rods are arranged in a line, the effect will be more remarkable. In this way, the number of FRP rods,
By simply changing the arrangement, it is possible to design freely according to the required bending rigidity and bending tolerance, and also to freely design the length and thickness.
【００１５】また、使用するゴムの材料選択、またゴム
部分を補強繊維で補強すれば、耐腐食性、耐候性、耐水
性等の耐久性能に優れたものも設計できる。Further, by selecting the material of the rubber to be used and reinforcing the rubber portion with reinforcing fibers, it is possible to design a rubber having excellent durability such as corrosion resistance, weather resistance and water resistance.
【００１６】[0016]
【発明の効果】以上の説明から明らかな通り、本発明の
棒状補強弾性体によると、曲げ剛性が強くなるといった
ゴム棒と繊維強化プラスチック棒との複合化の効果が得
られる。また、ゴム棒と繊維強化プラスチック棒との複
合化のメリットに加えて、断面２次モーメントの大き
い、すなわち径の大きい繊維強化プラスチック棒と同等
の曲げ剛性を得、しかも径の大きい繊維強化プラスチッ
ク棒よりも曲げに対する許容限度も大きくすることがで
きる。よって、曲げ変形に対しての剛性が大きく、かつ
曲げの許容限度が大きいことが要求されるイケス枠、桟
橋、旗や鯉のぼり用のポール等の使用に最適となるとい
った優れた効果がある。As is apparent from the above description, according to the rod-shaped reinforcing elastic body of the present invention, it is possible to obtain an effect of compounding a rubber rod and a fiber reinforced plastic rod such that bending rigidity becomes strong. In addition to the merit of combining a rubber rod and a fiber-reinforced plastic rod, a fiber-reinforced plastic rod having a large second moment of area, that is, a bending rigidity equivalent to that of a fiber-reinforced plastic rod having a large diameter, and having a large diameter are also obtained. The tolerance limit for bending can be increased. Therefore, there is an excellent effect that it is most suitable for use in an exhaust frame, a pier, a flag, a pole for carp streamers, etc., which is required to have a large rigidity against bending deformation and a large allowable limit of bending.
【００１７】また、繊維強化プラスチック棒の本数、配
列を変えるだけで、要求される曲げ剛性、曲げの許容変
形度に応じた自由な設計が可能となり、また長さ、太さ
も自由に設計でき、使用するゴムの材料選択、またゴム
部分を補強繊維で補強すれば、耐腐食性、耐候性、耐水
性等の耐久性能に優れたものも設計できる。Further, by simply changing the number and arrangement of the fiber-reinforced plastic rods, it is possible to design freely according to the required bending rigidity and the allowable degree of bending deformation, and the length and thickness can be designed freely. By selecting the material of the rubber to be used and reinforcing the rubber part with reinforcing fibers, it is possible to design a rubber having excellent durability such as corrosion resistance, weather resistance and water resistance.
【図１】本発明の一実施例に係る棒状補強弾性体の断面
図である。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a rod-shaped reinforcing elastic body according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】他の実施例に係る棒状補強弾性体の断面図であ
る。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a rod-shaped reinforcing elastic body according to another embodiment.
【図３】他の実施例に係る棒状補強弾性体の断面図であ
る。FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a rod-shaped reinforcing elastic body according to another embodiment.
１ ゴム棒 ２ ＦＲＰ棒 1 rubber rod 2 FRP rod
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.5 識別記号 庁内整理番号 ＦＩ 技術表示箇所 Ｅ０４Ｈ 12/32 9128−2Ｅ ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. 5 Identification code Internal reference number FI technical display area E04H 12/32 9128-2E
Claims (1)
繊維強化プラスチックからなる芯材を、軸方向に沿って
互いに接着した状態で埋設したことを特徴とする棒状補
強弾性体。1. A rod-shaped reinforcing elastic body comprising a rod-shaped rubber as a base material and a plurality of rod-shaped fiber-reinforced plastic core materials embedded in a state of being bonded to each other along an axial direction.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3345422A JPH05176656A (en) | 1991-12-26 | 1991-12-26 | Rodlike reinforcing elastic body |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3345422A JPH05176656A (en) | 1991-12-26 | 1991-12-26 | Rodlike reinforcing elastic body |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH05176656A true JPH05176656A (en) | 1993-07-20 |
Family
ID=18376497
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3345422A Pending JPH05176656A (en) | 1991-12-26 | 1991-12-26 | Rodlike reinforcing elastic body |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH05176656A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6854171B2 (en) | 1997-06-16 | 2005-02-15 | Megtec Systems Amal Ab | Method for producing a bending-resistant, elongated body |
| GB2458685A (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2009-09-30 | Rolls Royce Plc | Article formed from a composite material |
| WO2013066032A1 (en) * | 2011-11-06 | 2013-05-10 | 화우엔지니어링(주) | Structure having a core bar |
-
1991
- 1991-12-26 JP JP3345422A patent/JPH05176656A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6854171B2 (en) | 1997-06-16 | 2005-02-15 | Megtec Systems Amal Ab | Method for producing a bending-resistant, elongated body |
| GB2458685A (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2009-09-30 | Rolls Royce Plc | Article formed from a composite material |
| GB2458685B (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2010-05-12 | Rolls Royce Plc | An article formed from a composite material |
| US8109734B2 (en) | 2008-03-28 | 2012-02-07 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Article formed from a composite material |
| WO2013066032A1 (en) * | 2011-11-06 | 2013-05-10 | 화우엔지니어링(주) | Structure having a core bar |
| CN104136696A (en) * | 2011-11-06 | 2014-11-05 | 韩国和宇工程株式会社 | Structure having a core bar |
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