JPH05172050A - Refrigerant gas suction guide mechanism in piston type compressor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enhance the compression efficiency of a compressor by increasing the amount of refrigerant gas which is sucked into a cylinder bore-in actuation chamber by a rotary valve during the suction stroke of the compressor. CONSTITUTION:A valve storage room 25 is provided opposite to a cylinder block 1 and a rear housing 4 and is communicated with each cylinder bore 1a by a gas suction communicating passage 1c, and a rotary valve 26, which is rotated synchronously with a rotary shaft 10, is stored in the valve storage room 25 and a suction passage 28 which constantly communicates with a suction chamber 8 is formed in the rotary valve. Also, an open gas suction guide groove 29 is provided in the outer peripheral face of the rotary valve and the opening of the gas suction guide groove 29 is formed along the circumferential direction of the rotary valve in such a manner that it can communicate with the suction communicating passage 1c communicating with a cylinder bore-in actuation chamber 30 during suction stroke and a supercharging impeller 33 for positively feeding intake gas into the auction communicating passage 1c is provided in the suction guide groove 29.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a refrigerant gas suction guide mechanism in a piston type compressor.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, a swing type swash plate type piston compressor forms a crank chamber by joining a cylinder block having a plurality of cylinder bores for accommodating pistons in parallel with each other and a front end surface of the cylinder block. A front housing and a rear housing that is joined to the rear end surface of the cylinder block to define an intake chamber and a discharge chamber are provided, and the crankshaft is provided in the crank chamber by rotation of a rotation shaft supported by the center hole of the cylinder block and the front housing. By reciprocating the piston in the cylinder bore through a drive mechanism having a swing swash plate, the refrigerant gas sucked from the suction chamber is compressed and discharged to the discharge chamber. More specifically, a valve plate penetrating the suction hole and the discharge hole is provided between the cylinder block and the rear housing, and a suction plate having a suction valve for opening and closing the suction hole on the cylinder bore side of the plate. However, a discharge plate having a discharge valve for opening and closing the discharge hole is interposed on the rear housing side of the valve plate. Then, when the piston is in the suction stroke, the suction valve of the suction plate is opened, and the refrigerant gas in the suction chamber is sucked into the working chamber for suction and compression in the cylinder bore from the suction hole of the valve plate, and the piston enters the compression stroke. When the suction valve closes the suction hole and the pressure in the working chamber becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined pressure, the discharge valve of the discharge plate opens and the compressed refrigerant gas in the working chamber is discharged from the discharge hole of the valve plate to the discharge chamber. ..

[0003]

In the above piston type compressor, the lubricating oil is mixed in the refrigerant gas, and this oil adheres to the clearance between the flat plate-shaped intake valve and the valve plate. When the suction valve elastically deforms against its own elasticity to open the suction hole at the beginning of the suction stroke, the suction force of the oil makes it difficult for the suction valve to separate from the contact surface of the valve plate, and the suction operation is performed. And the suction pressure of the working chambers in each cylinder bore varies, resulting in power loss of the compressor.

In order to solve the above problems, the applicant of the present application has proposed a novel compressor refrigerant gas suction mechanism different from the prior art. In this suction mechanism, a valve accommodating chamber that communicates with the suction chamber is provided in the center of the cylinder block and the rear housing, and the valve accommodating chamber and the working chamber in each cylinder bore are formed in the cylinder block. A rotary valve which is communicated by a passage and which is rotated in synchronization with the reciprocating motion of the piston is housed in the valve housing chamber, and a suction passage is formed at the center of the rotary valve, the suction passage being in continuous communication with the suction chamber. The outer peripheral surface of the rotary valve is provided with a suction guide groove in the circumferential direction that communicates with the suction communication passage only during the suction stroke and that communicates with the suction passage.

Therefore, when the piston is in the suction stroke due to the rotation of the rotary shaft, the refrigerant gas is sucked into the working chamber from the suction chamber through the gas suction passage of the rotary valve, the suction guide groove and the suction communication passage formed in the cylinder block. Because
The suction operation of the refrigerant gas is smoothly performed, and it is possible to eliminate the decrease in the responsiveness of the operation of the flat plate-shaped suction valve and the power loss described above.

However, in the refrigerant gas suction guide mechanism including the rotary valve, the suction guide groove has the leading end surface and the trailing end surface in the rotational direction formed in the same direction as the radial direction of the rotary valve. When the rotary valve is rotated by the shaft and the suction refrigerant gas is supplied to the suction communication passage, a turbulent flow of gas is generated at the end faces on the leading side and the trailing side in the rotation direction. There is a new problem that the compression efficiency cannot be improved because it cannot be efficiently supplied to the working chamber in the cylinder bore through the suction communication passage.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a refrigerant gas suction guide mechanism in a piston type compressor which can solve the problems existing in the prior art and improve the compression efficiency.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, the invention of claim 1 is a piston type compressor, in which a housing and / or a cylinder block forming a suction chamber is provided with a valve housing communicating with the suction chamber. A chamber is provided, and the valve accommodating chamber and the working chamber of each cylinder bore are communicated by a gas suction communication passage, and the valve accommodating chamber accommodates a rotary valve that is rotated in synchronization with the reciprocating motion of the piston. A gas suction guide groove is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotary valve, the gas suction guide groove communicating with the suction communication passage communicating with the working chamber during the suction stroke, and the gas suction guide groove is formed by the suction passage formed on the axial center side of the rotary valve. A plurality of sheets that communicate with the chamber and positively supply the suction gas to the suction communication passage by utilizing the rotational force of the rotary valve in the suction guide groove. Taking a means of providing a supercharging means consisting Neban member or the like.

Further, in the invention according to claim 2, in claim 1, the means for setting the direction of the gas suction communication passage in the same direction as the gas outflow direction from the opening of the suction guide groove of the rotary valve. There is.

[0010]

According to the invention of claim 1, the rotating shaft is rotated,
When the piston reciprocates in the cylinder bore via the drive mechanism in the crank chamber and the piston moves from the top position to the suction stroke, the suction guide groove of the rotary valve communicates with the working chamber in the cylinder bore during the suction stroke. The refrigerant gas in the suction chamber is sucked into the working chamber in the cylinder bore through the suction passage, the suction guide groove and the suction communication passage of the rotary valve, and the refrigerant gas compressed in the working chamber is discharged to the discharge chamber. It In the suction stroke, since the supercharging means is provided in the suction guide groove of the rotary valve, the refrigerant gas in the vicinity of the wall surface of the guide groove is forcedly supplied to the suction communication passage side by the rotation of the valve. Therefore, the suction amount of the refrigerant gas is increased and the compression efficiency is improved.

Further, according to the second aspect of the invention, since the gas suction communication passage is in the same direction as the gas outflow direction from the suction guide groove of the rotary valve, the refrigerant gas discharged from the suction guide groove is diverted. However, the amount of gas sucked into the working chamber in the cylinder bore is increased, and the compression efficiency is further improved.

[0012]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment in which the present invention is embodied in a swing swash plate type variable displacement compressor will be described below with reference to FIGS.

A front housing 2 is joined and fixed to the front end surface of the cylinder block 1, and a crank chamber 3 is formed inside the front housing 2. A rear housing 4 is joined and fixed to the rear end surface of the cylinder block 1 via a valve plate 5, a discharge plate 6 and a retainer plate 7. A suction chamber 8 is formed in the center of the rear housing 4 and a discharge chamber 9 is formed on the outer peripheral side thereof by a partition wall 4a formed therein. Further, a discharge hole 5a is formed in the valve plate 5, and the discharge plate 6
Has a discharge valve 6a corresponding to the discharge hole 5a,
Further, the retainer plate 7 is formed with a retainer 7a that regulates the open position of the discharge valve 6a.

On the cylinder block 1 and the front housing 2, a rotary shaft 10 has radial bearings 11, 1.
It is rotatably supported by an external power source via 2.
A rotary support 13 is fitted and fixed on the rotary shaft 10 so as to be located in the crank chamber 3. A thrust bearing 14 is interposed between the rotary support 13 and the front housing 2. Further, the rotary support 1
A long hole 13b is formed in the arm portion 13a protruding from the outer periphery of the rotary shaft 3, and a rotary swash plate 16 is connected to the long hole 13b via a connecting pin 15 so as to be tiltable in the front-rear direction. A swing swash plate 17 is rotatably supported by a boss portion 16a of the rotary swash plate 16, and a pin 19 is attached to a sleeve 18 reciprocally fitted on the rotary shaft 10 by a pin 19.
The boss portion 16a is rotatably connected. Further, the swing swash plate 17 is prevented from rotating by a guide rod 20 penetratingly fixed to the cylinder block 1 and the front housing 2, and is allowed to tilt in the front-rear direction.

Pistons 21 are housed in cylinder bores 1a formed at a plurality of positions (five in this embodiment) in parallel with the rotary shaft 10 with respect to the cylinder block 1, and each piston 21 has a piston rod 22 interposed therebetween. Are connected to the swing swash plate 17, respectively. A spring bearing 23 is mounted on the rotary shaft 10, and a coiled spring 24 is interposed between the spring bearing 23 and the sleeve 18, and the tilt angle of the swing swash plate 17 is constantly increased. It is urged to increase the compression capacity.

By the central hole 1b of the cylinder block 1, the central hole 5b of the valve plate 5, the central hole 6b of the discharge plate 6, the central hole 7b of the retainer plate 7, and the inner peripheral surface 4b of the partition wall 4a of the rear housing 4, A cylindrical valve accommodating chamber 25 that communicates with the suction chamber 8 is formed. The valve accommodating chamber 25 and the working chamber in each of the cylinder bores 1a are communicated with each other through a plurality of suction communication passages 1c formed in the cylinder block 1.
A cylindrical rotary valve 26 for sucking a refrigerant gas is rotatably housed in the valve housing chamber 25. The engagement hole 2 formed in the front end surface of the rotary valve 26
6a is an engaging projection 10a formed on the rear end surface of the rotary shaft 10.
Is inserted and is connected to the rotary shaft 10 by the key 27 so as to be synchronously rotatable. Further, the rear end surface of the rotary valve 26 is regulated by the step portion 4c formed on the inner peripheral surface of the partition wall 4a so as not to move rearward.

A suction passage 28 communicating with the suction chamber 8 is formed in an axial center portion of the rotary valve 26, and an outer peripheral surface thereof is in constant communication with an inner end portion of the suction passage 28.
A suction guide groove 29 is formed which can communicate with the plurality of suction communication passages 1c in the suction stroke.

Then, the rotary shaft 10 is rotated, the swing swash plate 17 is swung back and forth through the rotary support 13, the connecting pin 15, and the rotary swash plate 16, and a plurality of piston rods 22 are used. When the piston 21 is sequentially reciprocated at different timings, the rotary valve 26 is rotated by the rotary shaft 10, and when the piston 21 shifts to the suction stroke, the suction guide groove 29 preceding in the valve rotation direction in FIG. The leading end surface 31 of the bottom wall is the cylinder block 1.
The suction passage 1c provided in the suction passage 8 in the opening direction.
Refrigerant gas is sucked into the working chamber 30 in the cylinder bore 1a through the guide groove 29 and the suction communication passage 1c. or,
At the end of the suction stroke, the trailing end surface 32 of the bottom wall of the suction guide groove 29 passes in the direction of closing the suction communication passage 1c with respect to the valve rotation direction, and suction of the refrigerant gas into the cylinder bore working chamber 30 is stopped. It Further, when the rotary shaft 10 and the rotary valve 26 rotate and the piston 21 shifts to the discharge stroke, the suction communication passage 1c is kept closed by the outer peripheral surface of the rotary valve 26, and the inside of the working chamber 30 is kept. The refrigerant gas compressed by is discharged into the discharge chamber 9 from the discharge hole 5a formed in the valve plate 5 by opening the discharge valve 6a.

By the way, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the end face 31 of the intake guide groove 29 on the leading side in the rotary valve rotation direction and the end face 32 on the trailing side in the rotary valve are inclined in such a manner that they are advanced inward in the rotation direction. It is formed so as to be in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the suction passage 28, respectively. The inclined end surfaces 31 and 32 impart a function as supercharging means to both end surfaces 31 and 32 so that the refrigerant gas is efficiently supplied from the intake passage 28 to the intake communication passage 1c during the intake stroke.

In addition, a supercharging blade 33 as a supercharging means is provided in the middle of the both end faces 31, 32 to the leading and trailing end faces 31, 3.
A plurality of locations (three in this embodiment
Location). Then, when the rotary valve is rotated in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 3, the refrigerant gas sucked from the suction passage 28 causes the supercharging blade 33 and the end surface 31,
In the suction guide groove 29, the turbulent flow is not generated in the suction guide groove 29, so that the suction force is forced outward in the radial direction. Therefore, the amount of the refrigerant gas supplied to the suction communication passage 1c is increased and the compression efficiency is improved. improves.

Next, an embodiment embodying the invention described in claim 2 will be described with reference to FIG. In this embodiment, the rotary valve 26 is arranged so that the suction communication passage 1c that connects the cylinder bore working chamber 30 and the gas suction guide groove 29 is formed.
Is inclined so as to be in the same direction as the outflow direction F of the refrigerant gas that is pushed out by the trailing end face 32 when rotating.

Therefore, in this embodiment, the rotation of the rotary valve 26 allows the refrigerant gas to be efficiently supplied from the guide groove 29 through the suction communication passage 1c into the working chamber 30, and the compression efficiency can be further enhanced. Further, in this embodiment, a sufficient supercharging effect can be obtained even if the supercharging blade 33 of the above-mentioned embodiment is omitted.

Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
It will be explained based on. (1) In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, both end surfaces 31 and 32 of the suction gas guide groove 29 and the supercharging blade 33 are formed in an arc shape so as to smooth the flow of the refrigerant gas.

(2) The embodiment shown in FIG. 6 has a suction guide groove 2
The linear supercharging vanes 34 are provided at a plurality of locations inside the valve 9, and the refrigerant gas is forcibly pushed outward by the centrifugal force when the rotary valve 26 rotates.

(3) In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the end faces 31 and 32 and the supercharging blade 33 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 are each formed in an arc shape, and the refrigerant gas is supplied more than the embodiment shown in FIG. I try to improve efficiency.

(4) The valve accommodating chamber 25 is formed only on the cylinder block 1 side or the rear housing 4 side.

[0027]

As described above in detail, in the invention described in claim 1, since the supercharging means for positively supplying the gas to the suction communication passage is provided in the suction guide groove of the rotary valve, in the suction stroke of the piston. There is an effect that the amount of refrigerant gas sucked into the working chamber in the cylinder bore by the rotary valve can be increased to improve the compression efficiency.

Further, according to the invention of claim 2, the suction communication passage communicating with the working chamber in the cylinder bore is formed in the same direction as the gas flow direction pushed out by the supercharging means.
There is an effect that the compression efficiency can be further improved as compared with the described invention.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an embodiment in which the invention according to claim 1 is embodied in a swing swash plate type variable displacement compressor.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a rotary valve.

FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged sectional view showing an assembled state of a rotary valve.

FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the invention described in claim 2.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the rotary valve.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the rotary valve.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of a rotary valve.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 cylinder block, 1a cylinder bore, 1c intake communication passage, 2 front housing, 3 crank chamber,
4 rear housing, 4a partition wall, 5 valve plate, 8 suction chamber, 9 discharge chamber, 10 rotary shaft, 13 rotary support, 16 rotary swash plate, 17 swing swash plate, 21 piston, 25 valve accommodating chamber, 26 rotary valve Two
8 suction passage, 29 suction guide groove, 30 working chamber, 3
1, 32 End faces having a function as supercharging means on the leading side and the trailing side in the valve rotation direction of the suction guide groove, 33 Supercharging blades as supercharging means.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Yoshihiro Fujisawa 2-chome, Toyota-cho, Kariya City, Aichi Stock Company Toyota Industries Corp.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A cylinder block in which a plurality of cylinder bores for accommodating pistons are formed in parallel with each other, a plurality of housings joined to the cylinder block to form an intake chamber, a discharge chamber and a crank chamber, and the cylinder block and the crank. By reciprocating the piston in the cylinder bore through the drive mechanism by the rotation of the rotary shaft supported in the center of the chamber-side housing, the gas sucked from the suction chamber is compressed and discharged to the discharge chamber. In the configured piston type compressor, a housing and / or a cylinder block forming the suction chamber is provided with a valve storage chamber communicating with the suction chamber,
The valve accommodating chamber and the working chamber of each cylinder bore are communicated with each other by gas suction communication passages, and the valve accommodating chamber accommodates a rotary valve that is rotated in synchronization with the reciprocating motion of the piston. A gas suction guide groove communicating with the suction communication passage communicating with the working chamber during the suction stroke is provided on the outer peripheral surface, and the gas suction guide groove communicates with the suction chamber by the suction passage formed on the axial center side of the rotary valve. In addition, the refrigerant gas suction guide mechanism in the piston type compressor provided with the supercharging means for positively supplying the suction gas to the suction communication passage by utilizing the rotational force of the rotary valve in the suction guide groove. 2. The refrigerant gas suction guide mechanism in a piston type compressor according to claim 1, wherein the direction of the gas suction communication passage is set in the same direction as the gas outflow direction from the opening of the suction guide groove of the rotary valve.