JPH05160A - Substance exchanger for blood - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To eliminate inflow of a fluid for changing substance into blood at a part where any peeling may occur between a position and a housing during the use of the substance exchanger. CONSTITUTION:This substance exchanger 20 is made up of a cylindrical housing 22 having a fluid inflow part 26 and a fluid outflow part 27, a substance changing body housed in the housing, partitions 24 and 25 with which both ends of the changing body are fixed liquidtight on the housing to divide the inside of the housing into a fluid chamber 32 and a fluid chamber 33 defined by the changing body and a fluid introduction part 28 communicating with the fluid chamber 33 and a fluid discharge port 27. Moreover, the housing 22 has circular protrusions 37 and 38 sticking out toward the end of the housing from the inside of the housing. The partitions 24 and 25 are fastened on the housing 22 so as to contain the protrusions 37 and 38 and has an independent space existing over the entire circumference of the housing while communicating with neither the fluid chamber 32 nor the fluid chamber 33 and a communicating hole 36 to make the independent space communicate with the outside.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a substance exchange device for blood. More specifically, the present invention relates to an artificial lung, an artificial kidney, etc., in which blood is circulated outside the tubular body and a substance exchange medium is circulated inside the tubular body to exchange substances.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in artificial organs such as artificial lungs, thin tubes for substance exchange (in artificial lungs, hollow fibers for gas exchange,
In the artificial kidney, one containing a dialysis hollow fiber) is used. And, in the past, it was general that blood was circulated in the tube and a medium for substance exchange was circulated between the tube and the housing. Recently, it has also been conceived that a substance exchange medium is circulated in the tube body and blood is circulated between the tube body and the housing.

[0003]

In the above apparatus, the substance exchange tube is liquid-tightly fixed to the housing by a partition wall made of resin (for example, polyurethane). . When a shock is given to the device due to some cause while blood is flowing into the device and substance exchange is being performed, or a part where the adhesion between the housing and the partition is weak. There is a possibility that peeling may occur between the partition wall and the housing due to various causes such as when there is such a thing, and when this peeling occurs, the substance exchange fluid (oxygen-containing gas in artificial lungs, dialysate in artificial kidneys) is generated. There is a possibility that it may flow into the blood through the peeling portion, which is extremely dangerous, and there is a problem that it is not possible to detect from outside that the substance exchange fluid is flowing into the blood.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, an object of the present invention is to weaken the adhesion between the housing and the partition wall when the apparatus is impacted for some reason during use. Even if peeling may occur between the partition wall and the housing due to various reasons such as when there is a portion, the substance exchange fluid does not flow into the blood from this peeled portion. An object of the present invention is to provide a substance exchange device for blood in which the separation can be easily confirmed when the separation occurs between the partition wall and the housing.

What achieves the above object is to provide a tubular housing having a first fluid inlet and a first fluid outlet, a substance exchange body housed in the tubular housing, and both ends of the exchange body. Part is liquid-tightly fixed to the tubular housing,
A partition for partitioning the inside of the housing into a first fluid chamber communicating with the first fluid outlet and the first fluid inlet, and a second fluid chamber formed by the exchange body, and the second fluid. In a substance exchanging device for blood having a second fluid introducing port and a second fluid discharging port communicating with a chamber, the housing is provided in a portion where a partition is provided, in a direction from an inside of the housing toward an end of the housing. The partition wall is fixed to the housing so that the end of the projection part is located in the partition wall, and the partition wall has an outer surface of the projection part and an inner surface near the projection part of the housing. A first fluid chamber and a second fluid that are present over the entire circumference of the housing by the inner surface of the partition wall located between the outer surface of the projecting portion and the inner surface near the projecting portion of the housing. Do not communicate with the room Has a standing spatial a further blood substance exchange apparatus having a communication hole for communicating the spatial and the external space.

The first fluid inlet and the first fluid inlet
Fluid outlets are a blood inlet and a blood outlet,
The first fluid chamber is a blood chamber, the second fluid chamber is a substance exchange fluid chamber, and the second fluid introduction port and the second fluid discharge port are substance exchange fluid introduction A mouth and a fluid outlet are preferred. Further, a portion of the housing where the partition wall is provided is an enlarged diameter portion, and an annular protrusion that protrudes toward the end portion of the housing is provided inside the enlarged diameter portion of the housing. Is fixed to the expanded diameter portion so as to include the protruding portion,
It is preferable that the space is formed by an outer surface of the protruding portion, an inner surface of the enlarged diameter portion, and an inner surface of the partition wall located between the outer surface of the protruding portion and the enlarged diameter portion. Further, it is preferable that an end portion of the protruding portion of the housing is located inside the partition wall. It is preferable that the substance exchange thin tube is a gas exchange hollow fiber and the blood substance exchange device is an artificial lung.

The substance exchange device for blood according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the embodiment shown in FIG. The substance exchange device 20 for blood of the present invention is exchanged with a tubular housing 22 having a first fluid inlet 26 and a first fluid outlet 27, and a substance exchange body 23 housed in the tubular housing 22. Body 23
Both end portions of which are liquid-tightly fixed to the cylindrical housing 22, and the inside of the housing 22 is formed by the first fluid chamber 32 communicating with the first fluid outlet 26 and the first fluid inlet 27 and the inside of the exchanger 23. Partition wall 2 for partitioning into the second fluid chamber 33
4, 25, and a second fluid introducing port 28 and a second fluid discharging port 29 that communicate with the second fluid chamber 33.
5 has annular protrusions 37 and 38 that protrude from the inside of the housing 22 toward the end of the housing, and the partition walls 24 and 25 are positioned so that the ends of the protrusions 37 and 38 are located. A partition wall 24 fixed to the housing 22 and located between the outer surfaces of the protrusions 37 and 38 and the inner surface of the housing 22 near the protrusion, and the outer surfaces of the protrusions 37 and 38 and the inner surface of the housing 22 near the protrusion. , 25, and the first inner surface of the housing 22 and the first inner surface of the housing 22.
Has an independent space 35 that does not communicate with the fluid chamber 32 and the second fluid chamber 33, and further has a communication hole 36 that communicates the space 35 with the external space.

An embodiment in which the substance exchanging device for blood of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 is applied to an artificial lung will be described. The artificial lung 20 includes a tubular housing 22 and a tubular housing 2
An assembly of hollow fiber membranes 23, which are gas exchange membranes that form a substance exchange tubular body housed in 2, and partition walls 24 and 25 that liquid-tightly hold both ends of the hollow fiber membranes 23 in the housing 22. The tubular housing 22 is divided into a blood chamber 32 that is a first fluid chamber and a gas chamber 33 that is a second fluid chamber, and the tubular housing 22 has a first chamber communicating with the blood chamber 32.
A blood inlet 26 which is a fluid inlet and a blood outlet 27 which is a first fluid outlet. And
A cap-shaped gas introduction port 30 having a gas introduction port 28 that is a second fluid introduction port communicating with the internal space of the hollow fiber membrane 23 is provided above the partition wall 24 that is the end of the cylindrical housing 22, and the partition wall. Gas discharge port 2 which is a second fluid discharge port which is provided below 25 and communicates with the internal space of the hollow fiber membrane 23.
A cap-shaped gas discharge side port 31 having 9 is attached. This type of oxygenator that allows blood to flow to the outside of the hollow fiber membrane does not require a blood pump in front of the oxygenator in the circulation circuit because there is little pressure loss, and it is possible to remove blood only by the drop from the human body. Blood can be sent to the oxygenator at.

The hollow fiber membrane 23 is a porous membrane having an inner diameter of 100 to 1000 μm, a wall thickness of 5 to 200 μm, preferably 10 to 100 μm, and a porosity of 20 to 80%, preferably 30 to 60%. The pore size is 0.01 to 5 μm, preferably 0.01 to 1 μm. As a material used for the porous membrane, a hydrophobic polymer material such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polysulfone, polyacrylonitrile, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyacrylonitrile, or cellulose acetate is used. Polyolefin resins are preferable, and polypropylene is particularly preferable, and those in which fine pores are formed in the wall by a stretching method or a solid-liquid phase separation method are more preferable.

The cylindrical housing 22 is made of polycarbonate, an acrylic / styrene copolymer, an acrylic / butylene / styrene copolymer, or the like, and is, for example, cylindrical and preferably a transparent body. The reason for forming the transparent body is that the inside can be easily confirmed. And
A large number of hollow fiber membranes 23 of about 5,000 to 100,000 are accommodated in the housing 22 in parallel in the axial direction thereof.
The hollow fiber membrane 23 is fixed to a liquid-tight state by the partition walls 24 and 25 in a state where both ends of the hollow fiber membrane 23 are open at both ends of 2. The partition walls 24 and 25 are formed of a potting agent such as polyurethane or silicone rubber. Therefore, the housing 22
The inner part sandwiched by the partition walls 24 and 25 is partitioned into a gas chamber 33 inside the hollow fiber membrane 23 and a blood chamber 32 outside the hollow fiber membrane 23.

A gas inlet port 30 having a gas inlet port 28 and a gas outlet port 31 having a gas outlet port 29 are liquid-tightly attached to the housing 22. Sound waves,
It is performed by fusion bonding using high frequency, induction heating, etc., adhesion using an adhesive, or mechanical fitting. Alternatively, a tightening ring (not shown) may be used.

The artificial lung 20 has the partitions 24, 2
5 has an annular space 35 which is formed by the outer peripheral portions 24a and 25a of the inner surface of 5 and the inner wall of the housing 22, and does not communicate with the blood chamber 32 and the gas chamber 33. Further, the annular space 35 communicates with the outside. It has a hole 36. More specifically, the partition walls 24, 25 of the housing 22.
In the portion where is provided, annular projections 37 and 38 projecting from the inside of the housing 22 toward the respective end portions of the housing 22 are provided, and the partition walls 24 and 25 include the projections 37 and 38. The annular space 35 is fixed between the outer surfaces of the protrusions 37 and 38 and the inner surface of the housing 22 in the vicinity of the protrusion, and the outer surfaces of the protrusions 17 and 18 and the inner surface of the housing in the vicinity of the protrusion. And the inner surfaces of the partition walls 24 and 25 located at. And
The housing 22 is provided with a communication hole 36 that connects the annular space 35 and the outside.

Such an annular space 35 and a communication hole 36 are provided.
By providing the housing 22, the housing 22 and the partition walls 24, 25
Even if peeling occurs in the contact portion with the oxygen-containing gas introduced from the gas inlet 28, the oxygen-containing gas passes through the peeling portion and passes through the annular space 35.
To the outside through the communication hole 36, so that it does not flow into the blood chamber 32. Then, the communication hole 36
It suffices that at least one is provided, but a plurality is preferably provided. The size and shape of the communication hole 36 may be any size as long as the strength of the housing 2 is not extremely reduced, and for example, the diameter of 1 to 1
A communication hole having a circular cross section of 0 mm is suitable. Furthermore, a plurality of such communication holes (for example, 2 to 16)
It is more preferable to provide. The position of the communication hole 36 may be anywhere as long as it communicates with the space 35, but it is preferably provided at a position on the lower side of the device when the device is used. It is preferable that the substance exchange fluid that has flowed into the can be easily discharged.

More preferably, as shown in FIG. 1, the portion of the housing 22 where the partition wall is provided is the expanded diameter portion,
Inside the enlarged diameter portion of the housing 22, annular protrusions 37 and 38 that project toward the respective ends of the housing are provided, and the partition walls 24 and 25 are fixed to the enlarged diameter portion so as to include the protrusions 37 and 38. The annular space 35 is defined by the inner surfaces 2 of the partition walls 24 and 25 located between the outer surfaces of the protrusions 37 and 38 and the inner surface of the expanded diameter portion of the housing 22, and the outer surfaces of the protruding portions 37 and 38 and the expanded diameter portion.
4a, 25a. And
The ends of the protrusions 37 and 38 are preferably located in the partition walls 24 and 25. Then, the communication hole 36
Is provided on the enlarged diameter portion of the housing 22.

With such a shape, the annular space 35 can be easily formed, and if the protrusions 37 and 38 are provided inside the partition walls 24 and 25, an impact is given when the artificial lung is used. Also, since the entire ends of the protrusions 37 and 38 are covered with the partition walls 24 and 25, the impact applied to the portions is absorbed, and the protrusions 37 and 3 are absorbed.
It is possible to prevent peeling from occurring at the tip portion of 8.
Therefore, the blood in the blood chamber 32 can be prevented from flowing out of the communication hole 36 via the annular space 35. In addition, in the above description, the case where the annular space is provided in both of the artificial lung gas inlet side partition wall portion and the gas outlet side partition wall portion has been described, but in the case where the artificial lung is set up and used as shown in FIG. Need only form an annular space in the partition wall on the upper side and need not necessarily be provided on the lower side. Preferably, it is provided on both.

In the above description, as an artificial lung,
The description has been given using the type in which gas is introduced into the hollow fiber membrane and blood is introduced into the first fluid chamber formed between the hollow fiber membrane and the housing, but the present invention is not limited to this. It may be of a type in which blood is allowed to flow inside the membrane and gas is allowed to flow into the first fluid chamber formed between the hollow fiber membrane and the housing. In this type, when peeling occurs between the partition wall and the housing, blood flows out through the communication port through the space, so it is easy to find that the peeling occurred between the partition wall and the housing. Yes, seal the tube in communication with the device and replace the oxygenator.

In the above description, the blood substance exchange device of the present invention has been described with reference to an embodiment in which an artificial lung is applied.
Not limited to this, it can be applied to artificial organs such as artificial kidneys.
When applied to an artificial kidney, the substance exchange tube becomes a dialysis hollow fiber, and as the dialysis hollow fiber, regenerated cellulose (eg, copper ammonia cellulose, cellulose acetate) is used.
A hollow fiber made of polyvinyl alcohol, a hollow fiber made of polyvinyl alcohol, or the like is used. The shape and structure of the other parts of the device are the same as those described in the above-mentioned embodiments of the artificial lung.

[0018]

When the substance exchanging device for blood of the present invention is an artificial lung, the blood flowing from the blood inlet 26 of the artificial lung is formed between the housing 22 and the hollow fiber membrane 23 which is a gas exchange membrane. It flows into the blood chamber 32, and also the gas inlet 2
8, the oxygen-containing gas flows through the hollow fiber membrane 23. At this time, blood comes into contact with the hollow fiber membrane 23, carbon dioxide is removed, and oxygen is added. And this artificial lung 20
There is an annular space 35 which is not communicated with the blood chamber 32 formed by the outer peripheral portions 24a, 25a of the inner surfaces of the partition walls 24, 25 and the inner wall of the housing 22, and further the annular space 3
A communication hole 36 that communicates 5 with the outside is provided. Therefore, even if peeling occurs at the contact portion between the housing 22 and the partition walls 24, 25, the oxygen-containing gas introduced from the gas introduction port 28 passes through the peeling portion and flows into the annular space 35, and then from the communication hole 36. Since it flows out to the outside, it does not flow into the blood chamber 32, and it is possible to easily discover that the separation between the partition wall and the housing has occurred due to the outflow sound of the gas, and the artificial lung can be timed. Can be exchanged.

[0019]

The substance exchange device for blood according to the present invention comprises a tubular housing having a first fluid inlet and a first fluid outlet, a substance exchanger contained in the tubular housing, Both ends of the exchanger are liquid-tightly fixed to the cylindrical housing, and are formed by the first fluid chamber communicating with the first fluid outlet and the first fluid inlet and the exchanger. A partition that divides into a second fluid chamber and the second partition
In the substance exchanging device for blood having a second fluid inlet and a second fluid outlet communicating with the fluid chamber of the housing, the housing is provided at a portion where the partition wall is provided, and the housing has an end portion from the inside of the housing. The partition wall is fixed to the housing such that the end portion of the projection part is located in the partition wall, and the partition wall is formed on the outer surface of the projection part and near the projection part of the housing. The inner surface and the inner surface of the partition wall located between the outer surface of the protrusion and the inner surface near the protrusion of the housing are present over the entire circumference of the housing, and the first fluid chamber and the second Since it has an independent space that does not communicate with the fluid chamber and further has a communication hole that communicates the space with the external space, even if peeling occurs at the contact portion between the housing and the partition wall,
The substance exchange fluid flows into the annular space through the peeling portion, and flows out from the communication hole to the outside, so there is no risk of it flowing into the blood chamber, it can be used safely, and there is separation between the partition wall and the housing. It can be easily found that Furthermore, the end of the protruding part of the housing is
Since it is located inside the partition, the annular space can be easily formed, and since the end of the protrusion is located inside the partition, even if a shock is applied when the device is used, the protrusion is Since the entire edge is covered by the partition wall,
It is possible to prevent the impact applied to that portion from being absorbed, and to prevent peeling at the tip portion of the protruding portion.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a substance exchange device for blood according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

20 artificial lung 22 housing 23 Hollow fiber membrane 24, 25 partition walls 26 First fluid inlet 27 First fluid outlet 28 Second fluid inlet 29 Second fluid outlet 32 First fluid chamber 33 Second fluid chamber 35 annular space 36 communication holes 37,38 Annular protrusion

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A tubular housing having a first fluid inflow port and a first fluid outflow port, a substance exchange body housed in the tubular housing, and both ends of the exchange body being the tubular housing. Partitioning liquid-tightly in the housing and partitioning the inside of the housing into a first fluid chamber communicating with the first fluid outlet and the first fluid inlet and a second fluid chamber formed by the exchange body. And a second fluid introducing port and a second fluid discharging port communicating with the second fluid chamber, wherein the housing has a partition wall provided inside the housing. The partition wall is fixed to the housing so that the end portion of the protrusion is located inside the partition wall. Inner surface near the protruding part of the With the inner surface of the partition wall located between the outer surface of the portion and the inner surface near the protruding portion of the housing,
It has an independent space that exists over the entire circumference of the housing and does not communicate with the first fluid chamber and the second fluid chamber, and further has a communication hole that communicates the space with an external space. And a substance exchange device for blood. 2. The first fluid inlet and the first fluid outlet are a blood inlet and a blood outlet, the first fluid chamber is a blood chamber, and the second fluid chamber is a blood chamber. Is a substance exchange fluid chamber, and the second fluid introduction port and the second fluid discharge port are a substance exchange fluid introduction port and a fluid discharge port. 3. A portion of the housing where the partition wall is provided is an enlarged diameter portion, and an annular protrusion that protrudes toward the end portion of the housing is provided inside the enlarged diameter portion of the housing. The partition wall is fixed to the expanded diameter portion so as to include the protruding portion, and the space includes an outer surface of the protruding portion, an inner surface of the expanded diameter portion, an outer surface of the protruding portion, and the expanded diameter portion. The substance exchange device for blood according to claim 1 or 2, which is formed by the inner surface of the partition wall located between and. 4. The substance exchange device for blood according to claim 1, wherein an end portion of the protruding portion of the housing is located inside the partition wall. 5. The blood substance exchange device according to claim 1, wherein the substance exchange pipe is a gas exchange hollow fiber, and the blood substance exchange device is an artificial lung.