JPH05153493A - Video signal synthesis device - Google Patents
Video signal synthesis deviceInfo
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- JPH05153493A JPH05153493A JP31246691A JP31246691A JPH05153493A JP H05153493 A JPH05153493 A JP H05153493A JP 31246691 A JP31246691 A JP 31246691A JP 31246691 A JP31246691 A JP 31246691A JP H05153493 A JPH05153493 A JP H05153493A
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- signal
- key
- key signal
- video
- video signal
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、テレビジョン信号スイ
ッチなどにおいて、映像信号の特定部分をキー信号とし
て抽出し、この抽出したキー信号を用いて２つの映像信
号を合成する映像信号合成装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a video signal synthesizing apparatus for extracting a specific portion of a video signal as a key signal and synthesizing two video signals by using the extracted key signal in a television signal switch or the like. ..
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、映像信号の特定部分をキー信号と
して抽出し、その抽出したキー信号を用いて、２つの映
像信号を１つに合成する映像信号を作成する処理をキー
合成処理と呼び、基本的な合成処理として広く利用され
ている。そして、映像信号の特定部分をキー信号として
抽出する処理をキー発生処理、もしくはキー生成処理と
呼ばれており、以下にキー発生処理と呼んで説明する。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a process of extracting a specific part of a video signal as a key signal and using the extracted key signal to create a video signal for combining two video signals into one is called a key combining process. Widely used as a basic composition process. The process of extracting a specific portion of the video signal as a key signal is called a key generation process or a key generation process, and will be described below as a key generation process.
【０００３】上記のキー発生処理には多くの方法が提案
されており、たとえば映像信号中の輝度信号を用いて、
輝度信号がある特定範囲内にある部分をキー信号として
抽出する方法、あるいは映像信号中の色信号を用いて、
色信号がある特定範囲内にある部分をキー信号として抽
出する方法などがあり、前者の輝度信号を用いた方法を
ルミナンスキー、後者の色信号を用いた方法をクロマキ
ーと呼んでいる。Many methods have been proposed for the key generation processing described above. For example, by using a luminance signal in a video signal,
Using the method of extracting the part where the luminance signal is within a certain range as the key signal, or using the color signal in the video signal,
There is a method of extracting a portion of a color signal within a certain range as a key signal. The former method using a luminance signal is called luminance key, and the latter method using a color signal is called chroma key.
【０００４】図６は従来のクロマキーによるキー信号発
生装置(以下、クロマキー装置という)の構成を示すブロ
ック図である。クロマキー装置ではキー信号の生成を行
なう映像信号を前景映像と呼び、この前景映像の特定の
色、たとえば青色の領域に他の背景映像信号と呼ばれる
映像信号を挿入し合成する。FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a conventional chroma key key signal generator (hereinafter referred to as a chroma key device). In a chroma key device, a video signal for generating a key signal is called a foreground video, and another background video signal called a background video signal is inserted into a specific color of the foreground video, for example, a blue region, and the video signal is synthesized.
【０００５】図６において21は前景映像信号の入力端子
であり、色信号分離回路22と乗算器23に接続されてい
る。24は背景映像信号の入力端子であり、乗算器25に接
続されている。上記色信号分離回路22の出力はキー信号
生成回路26に接続され、その出力であるキー信号は、乗
算器25とキー信号反転回路27に接続され、キー信号反転
回路27の出力は乗算器23に接続される。乗算器23と乗算
器25の出力は、加算器28に接続され、加算器28の出力は
出力端子29に接続される。In FIG. 6, reference numeral 21 is an input terminal for the foreground video signal, which is connected to the color signal separation circuit 22 and the multiplier 23. Reference numeral 24 is a background video signal input terminal, which is connected to the multiplier 25. The output of the color signal separation circuit 22 is connected to the key signal generation circuit 26, the output key signal is connected to the multiplier 25 and the key signal inversion circuit 27, and the output of the key signal inversion circuit 27 is the multiplier 23. Connected to. The outputs of the multipliers 23 and 25 are connected to the adder 28, and the output of the adder 28 is connected to the output terminal 29.
【０００６】上記のように構成された従来例の動作は図
６において、前景映像信号の入力端子21にキー生成をす
る映像が入力されると、色信号分離回路22により、入力
された前景映像信号の輝度信号と色信号とが分離され、
色信号のみがキー信号生成回路26に入力される。この例
としては、色信号として色相信号がキー信号生成回路26
に入力される。キー信号生成回路26では、入力される上
記色相信号に応じてキー信号が出力される。In the operation of the conventional example configured as described above, in FIG. 6, when an image for key generation is input to the input terminal 21 of the foreground image signal, the color signal separation circuit 22 inputs the input foreground image. The luminance signal and the color signal of the signal are separated,
Only the color signal is input to the key signal generation circuit 26. In this example, the hue signal is the key signal generation circuit 26 as the color signal.
Entered in. The key signal generation circuit 26 outputs a key signal according to the input hue signal.
【０００７】図７は上記入力の色相信号と出力キー信号
との関係の一例を示す図である。図７に示す特性を有す
るキー信号生成回路26により、前景映像信号の各画素に
おいて、その画素の色相レベルに応じたキー信号(縦軸)
が出力される。例えば、人物の背景が青色であるような
映像に対しては、キー信号生成回路26の基準値を青色の
色相に合わせておくことにより、前記映像が青色の部分
ではキーレベルが１になり、それ以外の部分ではキーレ
ベルが０となる。前景映像と背景映像の合成は、上記の
ようにキー信号により行われる。FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the input hue signal and the output key signal. By the key signal generation circuit 26 having the characteristics shown in FIG. 7, in each pixel of the foreground video signal, the key signal (vertical axis) corresponding to the hue level of the pixel
Is output. For example, for an image in which the background of a person is blue, by adjusting the reference value of the key signal generation circuit 26 to the hue of blue, the key level becomes 1 in the portion of the image in blue, The key level is 0 in other parts. The combination of the foreground image and the background image is performed by the key signal as described above.
【０００８】いま、キーレベルをkeyとすると、キー信
号反転回路27により、前景信号用キー信号は1-keyとな
り、乗算器23，25および加算器28により、出力端子29に
あらわれる出力映像信号は次のようになる。Now, assuming that the key level is key, the foreground signal key signal becomes 1-key by the key signal inverting circuit 27, and the output video signal appearing at the output terminal 29 by the multipliers 23, 25 and the adder 28. It looks like this:
【０００９】[0009]
【数１】output＝ｆ×（1-key）＋ｂ× key （数１）において、 ｆ ： 前景映像信号 ｂ ： 背景映像信号 output ： 出力映像信号 である。[Formula 1] output = f × (1-key) + b × key In (Formula 1), f: foreground video signal b: background video signal output: output video signal.
【００１０】なお、上記の例はクロマキー装置について
の説明であるが、ルミナンスキーを含めた一般のキー合
成装置においても同様の動作を行っている。Although the above example describes the chroma key device, the same operation is performed in a general key synthesizing device including a luminance key.
【００１１】このように上記従来のキー合成装置ではキ
ー信号生成回路により前景映像の特定領域（輝度や色）
をキー信号として生成することにより、前景映像の特定
部分に背景映像をはめ込むことが可能である。As described above, in the above-described conventional key synthesizing device, the key signal generating circuit causes the specific region (luminance or color) of the foreground image.
By generating as a key signal, it is possible to fit the background image into a specific portion of the foreground image.
【００１２】[0012]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、上記従
来の映像信号合成装置では、動きが激しい映像の場合、
映像の合成が不完全になるという問題点があった。However, in the above-mentioned conventional video signal synthesizing apparatus, in the case of a video having a lot of movement,
There was a problem that the image synthesis was incomplete.
【００１３】図８ないし図10は上記の問題点をクロマキ
ー装置を例にとって説明する図である。図８は前景映像
信号の例であり、図中のＡ部分は動きの激しい部分(指
の部分)、Ｂ部分はほとんど動きのない部分(顔の部分)
とし、人物以外の部分は青色であるとする。このときキ
ー信号生成回路の制御を図８中のＡ部分が良好に合成さ
せるようにした場合と、Ｂ部分が良好に合成されるよう
にした場合とを考える。8 to 10 are views for explaining the above-mentioned problems by taking a chroma key device as an example. FIG. 8 shows an example of the foreground video signal. In the figure, the A portion is a portion with a lot of movement (finger portion), and the B portion is a substantially stationary portion (face portion).
And it is assumed that the parts other than the person are blue. At this time, consider the case where the control of the key signal generation circuit is performed so that the portion A in FIG. 8 is properly combined, and the case where the portion B is properly combined.
【００１４】図９はキー信号生成回路をＡ部分に合わせ
た場合の入出力特性である。Ａ部分は動きが激しいた
め、入力映像はカメラの残像特性のためにボケを生じて
いる。従って、Ａ部分を良好に合成するためには、キー
信号生成回路の入出力特性はソフト領域と呼ばれるキー
信号の傾斜領域を広くすることによって、ボケを生じた
部分についても欠落することなく合成することが必要と
なる。しかし、この場合はＢ部分に対しては必要以上に
ソフト効果がはたらき、合成出力画の前景部と背景部の
境界がぼけてしまい、良好な合成映像が得られない。FIG. 9 shows the input / output characteristics when the key signal generation circuit is adapted to the A portion. Since the portion A has a lot of movement, the input image is blurred due to the afterimage characteristic of the camera. Therefore, in order to satisfactorily synthesize the portion A, the input / output characteristic of the key signal generation circuit is widened by increasing the slope area of the key signal called the soft area, so that the portion in which the blur is generated is also synthesized. Will be required. However, in this case, the soft effect is exerted more than necessary on the B portion, the boundary between the foreground portion and the background portion of the combined output image is blurred, and a good combined image cannot be obtained.
【００１５】図10はキー信号生成回路をＢ部分に合わせ
た場合の入出力特性である。Ｂ部分は映像に動きがない
のでカメラの残像特性によるボケはなく、人物部分と青
色背景部分の色相変化も大きい。このため、キー信号生
成回路の入出力特性はソフト領域を狭くすることがで
き、ボケのない自然な合成が可能となる。しかしなが
ら、この場合は、Ａ部分では本来合成後の映像に残って
いなければならない部分が欠落してしまい、指の部分が
消えてしまうことがある。FIG. 10 shows the input / output characteristics when the key signal generation circuit is adapted to the B portion. Since there is no motion in the image in the B portion, there is no blur due to the afterimage characteristic of the camera, and the hue change between the human portion and the blue background portion is large. Therefore, the input / output characteristics of the key signal generation circuit can be narrowed in the soft region, and natural synthesis without blurring is possible. However, in this case, in the part A, the part that should originally remain in the image after composition may be missing, and the part of the finger may disappear.
【００１６】このように、画像の動きのある領域と動き
のない領域とで、同一のキー信号制御を用いて合成を行
ったのでは、両方の領域について同時に良好な画質を得
ることは不可能である。As described above, if the regions with and without motion of the image are combined using the same key signal control, it is impossible to obtain good image quality in both regions at the same time. Is.
【００１７】本発明はこのような、従来の映像信号合成
装置における問題点を排除するものであり、映像の動き
の激しい部分と、激しくない部分の両部分を良好に合成
する映像信号合成装置の提供を目的とする。The present invention eliminates the above problems in the conventional video signal synthesizing apparatus, and provides a video signal synthesizing apparatus which satisfactorily synthesizes both a portion having a large motion of video and a portion not having a large motion. For the purpose of provision.
【００１８】[0018]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、キー信号とし
て抽出した映像信号の特定部分２つを合成する映像信号
合成装置において、キー信号を取り出す映像信号から映
像の動きを検出し、その検出した動き信号を用いてキー
信号の生成を制御する動きに適応した適応型キー信号生
成回路を備えたことを特徴とする。According to the present invention, in a video signal synthesizing device for synthesizing two specific parts of a video signal extracted as a key signal, the motion of the video is detected from the video signal from which the key signal is extracted, and the detection thereof is performed. It is characterized by comprising an adaptive key signal generation circuit adapted to a motion for controlling the generation of the key signal using the motion signal.
【００１９】[0019]
【作用】本発明によれば、映像の動く量に応じてキー信
号生成回路の特性を変化させることにより、映像の動き
には関係なく良好な合成映像が得られる。According to the present invention, by changing the characteristics of the key signal generating circuit according to the amount of movement of the image, a good composite image can be obtained regardless of the movement of the image.
【００２０】[0020]
【実施例】図１は本発明の一実施例にかかる映像信号合
成装置の構成を示すブロック図であり、１は前景映像信
号の入力端子、２は背景映像信号の入力端子であり、前
景映像信号の入力端子１はフレームメモリ３，動き検出
回路４，色信号分離回路５，及び乗算器６に接続され、
背景映像信号の入力端子２は乗算器７に接続されてい
る。フレームメモリ３の出力は動き検出回路４に接続さ
れる。動き検出回路４と色信号分離回路５の出力は適応
型キー信号生成回路８に接続されている。1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a video signal synthesizing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which 1 is an input terminal for a foreground video signal and 2 is an input terminal for a background video signal. The signal input terminal 1 is connected to the frame memory 3, the motion detection circuit 4, the color signal separation circuit 5, and the multiplier 6,
The background image signal input terminal 2 is connected to the multiplier 7. The output of the frame memory 3 is connected to the motion detection circuit 4. The outputs of the motion detection circuit 4 and the color signal separation circuit 5 are connected to the adaptive key signal generation circuit 8.
【００２１】また適応型キー信号生成回路８の出力であ
るキー信号は、乗算器７とキー信号反転回路９に接続さ
れ、キー信号反転回路９の出力は乗算器６に接続され、
乗算器６及び乗算器７の各出力は、加算器10に接続さ
れ、加算器10の出力は出力端子11に接続される。The key signal output from the adaptive key signal generating circuit 8 is connected to the multiplier 7 and the key signal inverting circuit 9, and the output of the key signal inverting circuit 9 is connected to the multiplier 6.
The outputs of the multiplier 6 and the multiplier 7 are connected to the adder 10, and the output of the adder 10 is connected to the output terminal 11.
【００２２】図２ないし図５は上記の構成を有する本発
明の動作を説明する図で、図２はフレームメモリ３に蓄
えられ記憶されている映像信号、すなわち、前フレーム
の前景映像信号であり、また図３は前景映像信号の入力
端子１の映像信号、つまり、現フレーム信号を示してい
る。図４は動き検出回路４の特性図、図５は適応型キー
信号生成回路８の入出力特性図である。FIGS. 2 to 5 are diagrams for explaining the operation of the present invention having the above-mentioned structure. FIG. 2 shows a video signal stored and stored in the frame memory 3, that is, a foreground video signal of the previous frame. 3 shows the video signal at the input terminal 1 of the foreground video signal, that is, the current frame signal. FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram of the motion detection circuit 4, and FIG. 5 is an input / output characteristic diagram of the adaptive key signal generation circuit 8.
【００２３】まず、動き検出回路４でフレームメモリ３
の前フレーム映像信号と、前景映像信号入力端子１の現
フレーム映像信号とを比較して映像の動き量を検出す
る。動き量は、例えば注目画素と、その近傍の画素(例
えば５×５画素)について、それぞれ前フレームと現フ
レームの信号の差分を求め、この差分の絶対値の和に適
当な定数を乗じたものとして定義できる。これを数式で
表すと数２のようになる。First, in the motion detection circuit 4, the frame memory 3
The amount of motion of the video is detected by comparing the previous frame video signal of 1) with the current frame video signal of the foreground video signal input terminal 1. The amount of motion is obtained by, for example, obtaining the difference between the signal of the previous frame and the signal of the current frame for the pixel of interest and its neighboring pixels (for example, 5 × 5 pixels), and multiplying the sum of absolute values of this difference by an appropriate constant. Can be defined as When this is expressed by a mathematical formula, it becomes as shown in Formula 2.
【００２４】[0024]
【数２】 [Equation 2]
【００２５】（数２）において、 Ｍ ： 動き量 α ： 定数 β ： 定数 ｘp(i,j) ： 前フレーム(i,j)座標の画素値 ｘc(i,j) ： 現フレーム(i,j)座標の画素値 である。したがって上記画素値の差分の絶対値の和と動
き量との関係は、図４のようになる。In equation (2), M: motion amount α: constant β: constant x p (i, j) : pixel value of the previous frame (i, j) coordinate x c (i, j) : current frame (i , j) Pixel value at coordinates. Therefore, the relationship between the sum of the absolute values of the pixel value differences and the motion amount is as shown in FIG.
【００２６】ここで、動き検出回路４の動作例を図２、
および図３で説明する。図２、および図３において、Ａ
部分の動きの激しい部分(指の部分)であり、Ｂ部分はほ
とんど動きのない部分(顔の部分)とし、図中の人物以外
の部分は青色であるとすると、Ａ部分では動きが激しい
ため、画素値の差分の絶対値の和が大きくなるので、図
４中のＡ点になり、動き量が大きくなる。また、Ｂ部分
では動きがほとんどなく、画素値の差分の絶対値の和が
小さくなって、図４中のＢ点になり動き量は０となる。Here, an operation example of the motion detection circuit 4 is shown in FIG.
And it demonstrates in FIG. 2 and 3, A
If the part B is the part with a lot of movement (finger part), the part B is a part with almost no movement (face part), and the part other than the person in the figure is blue, the part A has a lot of movement. , The sum of the absolute values of the differences between the pixel values becomes large, so that the point becomes point A in FIG. 4, and the amount of movement becomes large. Further, in the B portion, there is almost no movement, and the sum of the absolute values of the pixel value differences becomes small, and the point becomes the point B in FIG. 4, and the movement amount becomes zero.
【００２７】次に、適応型キー信号生成回路８の動作に
ついて説明する。まず、適応型キー信号生成回路８では
最初に、動きがない場合のパラメータの設定を行なう。
そのときの入出力特性は図５の実線のように、ソフト領
域が比較的少ない特性である。この設定において、動き
検出回路４の出力に応じて、適応型キー信号生成回路８
の特性が変化し、動き量が大きいときは図５において破
線のような特性になる。つまり、ソフト領域が大きい特
性である。Next, the operation of the adaptive key signal generation circuit 8 will be described. First, the adaptive key signal generation circuit 8 first sets parameters when there is no movement.
The input / output characteristics at that time are characteristics in which the soft region is relatively small as shown by the solid line in FIG. In this setting, according to the output of the motion detection circuit 4, the adaptive key signal generation circuit 8
When the amount of movement changes and the amount of movement is large, the characteristic becomes as shown by the broken line in FIG. That is, the soft region has a large characteristic.
【００２８】このように、本発明によれば、動き検出回
路４と適応型キー信号生成回路８とにより、映像の動き
量に応じてキー信号が連続的に変化するので、映像内の
動き量にかかわらず、良好な合成画像を得ることができ
る。As described above, according to the present invention, the motion detection circuit 4 and the adaptive key signal generation circuit 8 continuously change the key signal in accordance with the motion amount of the image. However, a good composite image can be obtained.
【００２９】なお、上記に説明では、動き検出回路の入
力として、前フレーム映像と現フレーム映像の２フレー
ム分の映像データを用いているが、さらに多くの映像デ
ータを用いてもよい。また、動き量を各画素間の差分値
を用いて検出しているが、指定した領域における平均値
の差分等を検出してもよい。In the above description, the video data for two frames of the previous frame video and the current frame video is used as the input of the motion detection circuit, but more video data may be used. Further, although the amount of motion is detected by using the difference value between each pixel, the difference between the average values in the designated area may be detected.
【００３０】[0030]
【発明の効果】以上、説明したように本発明の映像信号
合成装置は、合成する映像内の動き量に対応して良好に
映像信号を合成することができるので、テレビジョンス
イッチなどに用いて有効である。As described above, since the video signal synthesizing apparatus of the present invention can satisfactorily synthesize a video signal corresponding to the amount of motion in the video to be synthesized, it can be used in a television switch or the like. It is valid.
【図１】本発明の一実施例の構成を示すブロック図であ
る。FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】図１のフレームメモリ(前フレーム)に記憶され
ている前景映像信号の一例図である。FIG. 2 is an example diagram of a foreground video signal stored in a frame memory (previous frame) of FIG.
【図３】図１のフレームメモリ(現フレーム)に記憶され
ている前景映像信号の１例図である。FIG. 3 is an example diagram of a foreground video signal stored in a frame memory (current frame) of FIG.
【図４】図１の動き検出回路の一特性例を示す図であ
る。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a characteristic example of the motion detection circuit of FIG.
【図５】図１の適応型キー信号生成回路の一特性例を示
す図である。5 is a diagram showing one characteristic example of the adaptive key signal generation circuit of FIG.
【図６】従来のクロマキーによるキー信号発生装置の構
成を示すブロック図である。FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a conventional chroma key key signal generator.
【図７】図６の入力色相信号と出力キー信号との関係の
一例を示す特性図である。FIG. 7 is a characteristic diagram showing an example of the relationship between the input hue signal and the output key signal of FIG.
【図８】前景映像信号の例を示す図である。FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a foreground video signal.
【図９】従来のキー信号生成回路の特性を示す図であ
る。FIG. 9 is a diagram showing characteristics of a conventional key signal generation circuit.
【図１０】従来のキー信号生成回路の他の特性を示す図
である。FIG. 10 is a diagram showing another characteristic of the conventional key signal generation circuit.
１…前景映像信号の入力端子、 ２…背景映像信号の入
力端子、 ３…フレームメモリ、 ４…動き検出回路、
５…色信号分離回路、 ６，７…乗算器、 ８…適応
型キー信号生成回路、 ９…キー信号反転回路、 10…
加算器、 11…出力端子。1 ... Foreground video signal input terminal, 2 ... Background video signal input terminal, 3 ... Frame memory, 4 ... Motion detection circuit,
5 ... Color signal separation circuit, 6, 7 ... Multiplier, 8 ... Adaptive key signal generation circuit, 9 ... Key signal inversion circuit, 10 ...
Adder, 11 ... Output terminal.
Claims (1)
部分を合成する映像信号合成装置において、キー信号を
抽出する映像信号から映像の動きを検出し、その検出し
た動き信号を用いてキー信号の生成を制御する動きに適
応した適応型キー信号生成回路を備えたことを特徴とす
る映像信号合成装置。1. A video signal synthesizing apparatus for synthesizing a specific portion of a video signal extracted as a key signal, detecting a motion of a video from a video signal for extracting a key signal, and using the detected motion signal A video signal synthesizing device comprising an adaptive key signal generation circuit adapted to a motion for controlling generation.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP31246691A JPH05153493A (en) | 1991-11-27 | 1991-11-27 | Video signal synthesis device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP31246691A JPH05153493A (en) | 1991-11-27 | 1991-11-27 | Video signal synthesis device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH05153493A true JPH05153493A (en) | 1993-06-18 |
Family
ID=18029541
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP31246691A Pending JPH05153493A (en) | 1991-11-27 | 1991-11-27 | Video signal synthesis device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH05153493A (en) |
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