JPH05149100A - Ventilation method and device for tunnel during excavation - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make it possible to ventilate the whole tunnel efficiency within a short period of time without increasing man-power and expenses used for discharging the air such as installation of more air discharge pipes or increase of working power. CONSTITUTION:Air is sent around the facing surface 11a of a tunnel during the excavation. The exhaust of the inside air around the facing surface of the tunnel to the outside thereof and the discharge of the inside air around at least one point between the facing surface of the tunnel and an opening section to the outside of the tunnel are selectively made by using a switching damper 35.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for ventilating a tunnel during excavation.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a tunnel excavation method, there is a tunnel advanced construction method in which a tunnel is first advanced in the primary excavation, and there are a sidewall advanced construction method (sylot construction method), an upper semi-advanced construction method and the like. Particularly, in such a tunnel excavation method, blasting with dynamite and excavation with various excavating machines are performed on the facet of the tunnel, so that dirty air (dust, exhaust gas) is generated in a relatively narrow pit.
If left unattended, dirty air will stagnate in the mine, causing obstacles in vehicle traffic due to poor visibility and causing pneumoconiosis, so it is necessary to ventilate the mine.

Conventionally, as a ventilation method for a tunnel during excavation, a method using an air feeding type (in-pipe air feeding, tunnel exhaust type) apparatus shown in FIG. 4 is known. In this method, the blower 41 and the blower pipe 4 are installed in the tunnel 40 during excavation.
An air blower 43 composed of 2 is provided. Then, when the outside air is blown near the face 40a of the tunnel 40 (arrow A) by the blower means 43, fresh outside air is supplied near the face 40a and the internal pressure in the mine is increased to increase the internal pressure of the tunnel. Exhaust of dirty air from the opening 40b is promoted (arrow B), which is an effective ventilation method when the tunnel is short.

However, in such a ventilation method,
When the tunnel becomes long, for example, 400 m or more,
There is a problem in that the exhaust of dirty air is hindered, and as a result, the dirty air diffuses throughout the tunnel, and it takes time to exhaust the dirty air. There is also a problem that the ventilation condition depends on the temperature and pressure outside the tunnel.

As a method for solving such a problem, a combined air supply / exhaust system (send / exhaust 1
A method using a system) is known. In this method, the tunnel 50 under excavation is provided with the blower means 53 including the first blower 51 and the blower pipe 52, and the exhaust means 5 including the second blower 54 and the exhaust pipe 55.
6 is provided. Then, when the outside air is blown near the face 50a of the tunnel 50 by the blower means 53 (arrow C), fresh outside air is supplied to the face 50a and the exhaust of dirty air in the pit is promoted. (Arrow D).
Further, by discharging the dirty air in the vicinity of the facet 50a by the exhaust means 56 (arrows E and F), it is possible to prevent the dirty air from diffusing over the entire tunnel 50, and further, the time required for exhausting. Is shortened.

However, in such a ventilation method,
Ventilation of the face face 50a and the opening 50b of the tunnel 50 is sufficiently performed, but there is a problem that the ventilation is not promoted in the substantially central portion 50c of the tunnel 50 and dirty air is stagnated.

As a method for solving such a problem,
For example, as shown in FIG. 6, a combined air supply / exhaust system using a plurality of pipes each provided with a blower (sender 1 / exhaust 2
It is also conceivable to use a ventilation method using a system) device. The tunnel 60 under excavation is provided with a blower means 63 including a first blower 61 and a blower pipe 62 extending to a face face 60a of the tunnel 60. In addition, the second blower 64
And a first exhaust means 66 consisting of a first exhaust pipe 65 extending from a face face 60a of the tunnel 60 to an opening 60b of the tunnel 60, and a third blower 67 and the substantially central portion 60c of the tunnel 60 to the opening of the tunnel 60. A second exhaust means 70 including a second exhaust pipe 69 extending to 60b is provided. Then, when the outside air is blown to the vicinity of the face face 60a of the tunnel 60 by the blower means 63 (arrow G), fresh outside air is guided to the face face 60a and the exhaust of dirty air in the mine is promoted ( Arrows H, I). Further, the dirty air near the facet 60a of the tunnel 60 is discharged by the first exhaust means 66 (arrows J and K), and the dirty air in the substantially central portion 60c of the tunnel 60 is discharged by the second exhaust means 69. The entire tunnel is ventilated.

[0008]

However, in the ventilation method using the combined air supply / exhaust system (sending machine 1 / exhaust system 2) shown in FIG. 6, the exhaust pipe is increased and the power consumption is increased. Due to the above reasons, there is a problem that labor and cost for exhausting increase.

The present invention was devised in view of the above-mentioned problems, and ventilation in a tunnel during excavation that enables efficient ventilation of the entire tunnel in a short time without increasing labor and cost. It is an object to provide a method and a device.

[0010]

Therefore, the method for ventilating a tunnel during excavation according to the present invention sends outside air near the face of the tunnel during excavation and exhausts the inside air near the face of the tunnel to the outside of the tunnel. It was decided to selectively exhaust the inside air to the outside of the tunnel near at least one point between the face of the tunnel and the opening.

Further, the ventilating device for the tunnel during excavation of the present invention includes a first blower for blowing outside air into the tunnel,
A blower pipe for guiding the air flow generated by the first blower to the vicinity of the facet of the tunnel, a second blower for exhausting the inside air near the facet of the tunnel, and a blower generated by the second blower. A ventilating device for a tunnel during excavation, comprising: an exhaust pipe for guiding an air flow to the outside of the tunnel, wherein the exhaust pipe exhausts inside air near at least one point between a face face and an opening of the tunnel to the outside of the tunnel. At least one blower for performing the above is provided, and a switching damper for switching the exhaust by the second blower and the exhaust by the at least one blower is provided.

[0012]

According to the ventilation method for the tunnel during excavation of the present invention,
Since the outside air is blown near the face of the tunnel during excavation,
Fresh outside air is supplied near the face of the face, the internal pressure in the mine is increased, and exhaust of dirty air from the opening of the tunnel is promoted. Further, since the exhaust of the inside air to the outside of the tunnel near the face of the tunnel and the exhaust of the inside air to the outside of the tunnel near at least one point between the face of the tunnel and the opening are selectively performed. It is possible to efficiently ventilate the entire tunnel without increasing the cost of.

Further, according to the ventilation device for a tunnel during excavation of the present invention, the first blower for blowing the outside air into the tunnel and the air flow generated by the first blower are guided near the facet of the tunnel. Since it is provided with a blower pipe for fresh air, fresh outside air is supplied near the face of the face and exhaust of dirty air from the opening of the tunnel is promoted. In addition, the second for exhausting the inside air near the face of the tunnel
Blower and at least 1 between face and opening of tunnel
At least one blower for exhausting the inside air around the point to the outside of the tunnel is provided, and since a switching damper for switching the exhaust by these blowers is provided, it is possible to increase the exhaust pipe and increase the power consumption. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently ventilate the entire tunnel in a short time without increasing labor and cost.

[0014]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a ventilation device 10 for a tunnel during excavation according to the present invention. In FIG. 1, the ventilation device 10 for a tunnel during excavation includes an air supply unit 20 for blowing outside air into the tunnel 11 and an exhaust unit 30 for discharging dirty air in the tunnel 11 to the outside of the tunnel 11. Is equipped with.

The air supply unit 20 includes a first blower 21 for sucking the outside air, and a blower pipe 22 for guiding the outside air sucked by the first blower 21 to the face 11a of the tunnel 11.

The first blower 21 is connected to the blowing end 22a of the blower pipe 22 near the opening 11b of the tunnel 11 in order to suck the outside air and guide it into the tunnel 11. This first
A fan is generally used as the blower 21, but any type of fan may be used as long as it can generate a certain amount of air flow. The amount of air blown by the first blower 21 depends on the length of the tunnel 11, the cross-sectional area, and the like, so a device with an appropriate output should be selected.

The blower pipe 22 guides the air flow generated by the first blower 21 to the vicinity of the face 11a of the tunnel 11, so that the blower end 22a thereof is the opening 1 of the tunnel 11.
It is fixed to the upper wall or the side wall of the tunnel so that the discharge end 22b is located near 1b and the face 11a of the tunnel 11 is near. As the blower tube 22, for example, it is preferable to use a vinyl wind tube having an inner diameter of 1200 mm.

The exhaust part 30 is a face 11a of the tunnel 11.
A second blower 31 for sucking dirty air in the vicinity,
A third blower 32 for sucking dirty air near the substantially central portion 11c of the tunnel, and second and third blowers 31, 32
And an exhaust pipe 33 for discharging the dirty air sucked by the outside of the tunnel 11.

Since the exhaust pipe 33 guides the dirty air sucked by the second blower to the outside of the tunnel 11, its air blowing end 33a is located near the facet 11a of the tunnel and its exhaust end 33b is near the opening 11b of the tunnel. It is fixed to the upper wall or side wall of the tunnel 11 so as to be located at. As the exhaust pipe 33, generally, the same vinyl wind pipe as the blower pipe is used.

The second blower 31 is the face 1 of the tunnel 11.
In order to suck dirty air around 1a and exhaust it to the outside of the tunnel 11, it is connected to the air blowing end 33a of the exhaust pipe 33 near the facet 11a of the tunnel 11. Further, the third blower 32 is arranged near the substantially central portion 11c of the tunnel 11 and sucks the dirty air around the substantially central portion 11c of the tunnel 11 and discharges the air outside the tunnel 11, so that the L-shaped auxiliary pipe 34 is provided. It is connected to the exhaust pipe 33 via. Generally, the second blower air 31 and the third blower 32 are
The same blower as the first blower 21 is used, but its type is not limited as long as it can generate a constant amount of air flow. Also, the second and third blowers 31, 3
The air flow generated by the two is generally the first
Although the amount is the same as the amount of air blown by the blower 21,
It is not necessarily limited to this.

At the connecting portion between the exhaust pipe 33 and the auxiliary pipe 34,
A switching damper 35 is provided. This switching damper 35
By switching the second blower 31, the connection between the auxiliary pipe 34 and the exhaust pipe 33 is cut off when the second blower 31 is operating, and the blower end 3 is opened when the third blower 32 is operating.
The connection between 3a and the discharge end 33b is cut off. As the switching damper 35, for example, a damper having a mechanism that is automatically opened / closed by wind pressure from a blower can be used.

A timer (not shown) is provided in the ventilation device 10 for the tunnel during excavation of the present invention. In the present invention, the timer and the switching damper 35 are interlocked with each other, and when the second blower 31 is operating, the third blower 31 is operated.
The blower 32 cannot be operated, the connection between the auxiliary pipe 34 and the exhaust pipe 33 is cut off (FIG. 2), and conversely, the second blower 31 cannot be operated when the third blower 32 is operating. At the same time, the exhaust end 33a and the exhaust end 33b are disconnected from each other (FIG. 3), and the exhaust near the face 11a of the tunnel 11 and the exhaust near the central portion 11c of the tunnel are automatically performed every predetermined time. It is configured to be able to switch.

As described above, in the ventilation device 10 for a tunnel during excavation of the present invention, by using the switching damper 35, the face 11 of the tunnel 11 using the exhaust pipe 33 of 1 is used.
Since it is possible to switch between the exhaust near a and the exhaust near the central portion 11c of the tunnel 11, it is possible to add an exhaust pipe,
It is possible to efficiently ventilate the entire tunnel in a short time without increasing the power consumption.

Next, a method of evacuating a tunnel using the ventilation device 10 for a tunnel during excavation having the above structure will be described. In the present invention, the outside air (arrow N) sucked by the first blower 21 travels through the blower pipe 22 and is supplied to the vicinity of the face 11a of the tunnel 11 (arrow O). As a result, fresh air is supplied near the facet 11a of the tunnel. Further, as a result, the atmospheric pressure in the tunnel 11 rises, so that the dirty air is exhausted from the tunnel 11 (arrow P).

When exhausting the dirty air near the face 11a of the tunnel 11, the second blower 31 is operated to suck the dirty air near the face 11a of the tunnel 11 (arrow Q). The gas is exhausted to the outside of the tunnel 11 through the exhaust pipe 33 (arrow R). At this time, as shown in FIG. 2, the third blower 32 is stopped and the switching damper 35 cuts off the connection between the auxiliary pipe 34 and the exhaust pipe 33, so that the exhaust gas sucked in the vicinity of the face 11a is exhausted. Is the exhaust pipe 3
The air is smoothly exhausted from the exhaust end 33a to the outside of the tunnel 11 without flowing back in the inside of the tunnel 3.

When exhausting dirty air in the vicinity of the substantially central portion 11c of the tunnel, the third blower 32 is operated to suck in the dirty air in the vicinity of the approximately central portion 11c of the tunnel 11 (arrow S). Is transmitted to the exhaust pipe 33 through the auxiliary pipe 34 and is exhausted to the outside of the tunnel 11 (arrow R).
At this time, as shown in FIG. 3, the second blower 31 is stopped, and the switching damper 35 causes the blower end 33 a of the exhaust pipe 33.
Since the connection between the exhaust pipe 33 and the exhaust end 33b is cut off, the exhaust gas sucked in the vicinity of the substantially central portion 11c of the tunnel 11 is exhausted by the exhaust pipe
The gas is smoothly exhausted from the exhaust end 11b to the outside of the tunnel 11 without flowing back in the inside of the tunnel 3.

As described above, in the method for ventilating a tunnel during excavation according to the present invention, exhaust near the facet 11a of the tunnel 11 and exhaust near the central portion 11c are selectively performed, so that power consumption and the like increase. Instead, the entire tunnel is efficiently ventilated.

The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, but can be modified appropriately. For example, in the above-described embodiment, two blowers are used in the exhaust unit, but it is possible to provide three or more blowers. Further, the present invention is not limited to implementation in the advanced tunnel construction method.

[0029]

According to the present invention configured as described above,
There is an effect that ventilation of the entire tunnel can be efficiently performed in a short time without increasing labor and cost for exhaust such as adding an exhaust pipe and increasing power consumption.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a ventilation device for a tunnel during excavation according to the present invention.

[FIG. 2] FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a usage state when exhausting gas near a face of a tunnel.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a use state at the time of exhausting gas in the vicinity of a substantially central portion of the tunnel.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a first example of a conventional ventilation device.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a second example of a conventional ventilation device.

FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing a third example of a conventional ventilation device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10 ... Ventilation device in tunnel during excavation 11 ... Tunnel 11a ... Face 11c ... Approximately central part 20 ... Air blower 21 ... First blower 22 ... Air blower 30 ... Exhaust 31 ... 2 blower 32..third blower 33..exhaust pipe 35..switch damper

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. Exhaust air is blown to the vicinity of the face of the tunnel during excavation, exhaust of inside air near the face of the tunnel to the outside of the tunnel, and internal air near at least one point between the face and the opening of the tunnel. A method for ventilating a tunnel during excavation, which is characterized by selectively performing exhaust to the outside of the tunnel. 2. A first blower for blowing outside air into the tunnel, a blower pipe for guiding the air flow generated by the first blower to the vicinity of the face of the tunnel, and a blower near the face of the tunnel. A ventilating device for a tunnel during excavation, comprising: a second blower for exhausting the inside air; and an exhaust pipe for guiding an air flow generated by the second blower to the outside of the tunnel, wherein the exhaust pipe includes a tunnel. Is provided with at least one blower for discharging the inside air in the vicinity of at least one point between the face face and the opening to the outside of the tunnel, and switching for switching between the exhaust by the second blower and the exhaust by the at least one blower. Ventilation device in tunnel during excavation characterized by having a damper.