JPH05111820A - Guide device of disc-shaped tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To implement the practical application of a dry type guide of a disc- shaped tool such as a thin circular saw where a member to be worked is not polluted by water, oil or the like by stabilizing the pneumatic hammer phenomenon which is likely to occur with the dry type guide by using a plurality of guides, thereby suppressing the phenomenon. CONSTITUTION:In a dry type guide where the rigidity in the transverse direction in the vicinity of a guide is increased by blowing out the compressed air from a pair of guide surfaces opposide to the respective side surfaces of a circular saw base metal piece 2a, the rigidity in the vicinity of a zone to be cut of the thin circular saw 2 by increasing the rigidity of the first guide 4 which is close to the zone to be cut, the vibration due to the pneumatic phenomenon occurred when the first guide 4 is only used is suppressed and stabilized by the second guide 5 provided with a lower static rigidity below the rigidity of safety limit, and deterioration of the straightness of a working surface such as bending during sawing is prevented.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a disc-shaped tool guide device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in machining with a disc-shaped tool such as a circular saw, a circular slitter knife, and a cutting grindstone, these are convenient for improving the yield of cutting materials and for machining fine grooves depending on the type of machining. Moreover, there is a case where a disk-shaped tool having a thickness as thin as possible is required. In particular, reducing the cut and removed portion of the work material to improve the yield of products will be an important issue in the future. However, as the disc-shaped tool becomes thinner, its lateral rigidity decreases, causing a problem in the straightness of the cut surface. Therefore, as an effective means for solving this, a method is provided in which both sides of the disk are provided with guides having a pair of guide surfaces which are usually close to each other with a gap of 20 to 100 μm so that the tool is not displaced laterally more than a certain amount. There is.

A so-called guide saw having this guide mixes oil and / or water and air between the base metal and the guide surface in order to enhance the static rigidity of the guide and prevent metal contact between the circular saw base metal and the guide surface. Those that spray fluid have been put to practical use.
This guide saw brings the guide close to the cutting point in order to enhance the static rigidity near the cutting area of the base metal, and guides the above-mentioned mixed fluid from an external nozzle or one or more holes with a diameter of 1 to 2 mm or more inside the guide surface. It is sprayed in the gap between the surface and the base metal. Therefore, although it is effective as a guide device, it has a drawback that it cannot be used as a work material where oil and water do not adhere to the environment because the environment is deteriorated because oil and water scatter.

Therefore, this method is used for sawing and sawing as a guide device for moving and fixing the position of a saw movable laterally on the center axis of rotation of a spline arbor guide saw system or a floating color guide saw system. There are many reports or manuals on this technology. To make up for this drawback, only compressed air with a diameter of 1-2 mm inside the guide surface is used.
Alternatively, a dry guide that blows through two or more holes is also considered, but if the air pressure is low, the rigidity required as a guide cannot be obtained, and if the air pressure is high, a pneumatic hammer phenomenon due to the compressibility of air occurs. It causes inconvenience that the base metal vibrates, and its utility value as a guide is low.

In addition, there is an attempt to increase the rigidity of the base metal by controlling the attractive force of the electromagnet and the pressing force of air with respect to the lateral displacement and speed of the base metal. (Reference “The He Magna-guide Revisited” Rrofesser
R. Birkeland The Norwegian Institute of Woo
9th. Wood Machinery Seminar. Oc
(t.1988) This product has the advantage that it is a dry type and that the guide device only needs to be installed on one side of the tool, but on the other hand the control system becomes very complicated and it is effective against the unstable phenomenon peculiar to compressed air. It is difficult to make such a deterrent action, and it has not been used commercially. It is reported that a porous material should be used to suppress this unstable vibration. However, there is no further disclosure of this matter.

[0006]

The guide device for improving the rigidity in the lateral direction of the disk-shaped tool described in the prior art is the one which is commercially used at present between the circular saw base metal and the guide surface. It is only a guide saw that sprays oil and / or a mixed fluid of water and air on, because it can not be used for work materials where water and oil do not adhere, especially in the field of woodworking,
Only used in part of the primary processing of lumber, etc.,
There is a problem that there is no record in the field of secondary processing. The present invention has been made in view of the above problems of the prior art, and an object thereof is a dry guide that does not pollute the surrounding environment, and a simple pneumatic hammer phenomenon can be suppressed. It is intended to provide a structure guide device.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, a guide device for a disc-shaped tool according to the present invention has a pair of guide surfaces, which are located inside the outer edge in the center of the guides facing each other with a predetermined gap. In the guide device for increasing the rigidity in the lateral direction near the guide of the disc-shaped tool by arranging the disc-shaped tool in such a manner that the compressed gas is blown from the guide surface, at least one of the guides has a static stiffness Two or more guides different from the static rigidity of the guide are provided. It is also possible to provide at least one of a guide having a high static rigidity, a guide having a low static rigidity, and a guide having only a flat surface having zero static rigidity, which are arranged adjacent to each other and integrated. It is also possible that the static rigidity of the guide at the other points is less than or equal to about 1/2 of the static rigidity of the guide that is composed of two guides and is near the cutting point.

The first guide surface of the guide having a high static rigidity of the above guide device is made of a porous material, and the second guide surface of the guide having a low static rigidity is more empty than the porous material of the first guide surface. It may be a porous material having a small pore size or a porous material having a small pore size formed by forming a thin film of a sprayable material on the surface of the porous material of the first guide surface. The guide surface of the guide with high static rigidity is a flat surface with one or more air blow holes, and the guide surface with low static rigidity is a porous material or a thin film of thermal sprayable material on the surface of the porous material. It is also possible to form the holes to reduce the pore size. Further, the guide surfaces of the guides having different static rigidity are both made of a porous material having the same pore size, the pressure and / or the flow rate of the supplied gas are different, and / or the area of the guide surface and / or the thickness of the porous material are different. Alternatively, the static rigidity may be changed by changing the gap between the guide and the tool. Further, the guide surface of the guide having different static rigidity is formed by a plane in which the compressed gas blowing holes are one or more fine holes, and the pressure and / or the flow rate of the supplied gas are different, and / or the fine hole size and / or the fine hole number and Alternatively, the static rigidity may be changed by changing the area of the guide surface.

[0009]

[Function] The static rigidity of the guide near the cutting area of the disk-shaped tool is set to a high rigidity that exceeds the stability limit rigidity that normally generates vibration by using a single guide and stabilizes the guide at other points. Stabilization is achieved by vibrating suppression effect by making the static rigidity to be lower than the limit rigidity. This guide compensates for insufficient lateral rigidity of the thin circular saw or the like and prevents the occurrence of bending and the like.

[0010]

EXAMPLE In the circular saw machine of FIG. 1, a rotary shaft has a flange 1
Of a thin circular saw 2 having a saw blade on the outer circumference through a base 2
The part a is fitted, and the upper part of the circular saw 2 projects from the slotted hole of the table 3. The table 3 is provided with a pair of first guide 4 and second guide 5 at a left side position near the cutting area and a symmetrical right side position with the base metal 2a interposed therebetween. First
Both the guide surfaces 4a and 5a of the guide 4 and the second guide 5 are made of cast iron porous material. As this porous material, commercially available materials such as Breathite manufactured by Nabeya Co., Ltd. or Bio column filter manufactured by Corning Co. can be used. The porous material has a continuous pore size of 0.1-1.
mm and the number of holes 5 to 50 / cm ² can be selected.

Further, only the guide surface 5a of the second guide 5 is
A porous material having a coating film having a pore size of about 30 μm formed by spraying a nickel-chrome alloy on the surface thereof is used. The guide surfaces 4a, 5 of the first guide 4, the second guide 5 are used.
The gap between a and the base metal 2a is set to 50 μm, for example. Compressed air sent from an air source (not shown) is pressure-controlled and / or flow-rate-adjusted and blown out toward the base metal 2a through the holes in the guide surfaces 4a and 5a. Can be adjusted. The static rigidity of the guide means the resistance force of the guide when the base metal 2a is gradually displaced laterally to a minute unit length, the pressure of air,
It changes depending on the flow rate of air, the gap between the guide and the base metal, and the porous area. Thus Guide static stiffness K _{is, K = | ∂ (F R} -F L) / ∂h | if _{h = ho F R = F L} , is determined by K ₌ 2∂F / ∂h _h = _ho .. However F _R is the right guide force, F _L is left guide force, h is the gap, _ho is the gap setting.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between F _R and F _L and h, and a pair of guides 4 facing each other with a gap _ho on both sides.
Or, 5 represents the force acting on the base metal 2a. In this embodiment, the static rigidity KA of the first guide 4 is set to be higher than the static rigidity KB of the second guide 5, for example, the first guide 4
Is 0.38 kgf / μm, the second guide 5 is 0.01 kgf / μm
Is set to. The first guide 4 and the second guide 5
The relationship between the static stiffnesses KA and KB is an important factor for suppressing the pneumatic hammer phenomenon, and the following experiment was conducted for this.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the test method of the first experiment is to fix a flange side of a disk (φ400 × t 1.25 mm) equivalent to a thin circular saw attached to the flange (φ140 mm). Set to a stationary state and use porous metal (thickness: 13 m) on both sides of the disk.
m, the number of holes 35 to 50 / cm ² , and the size of holes 0.15 to 0.3 mm), one or two sets of guides with a gap of 50 μm are attached, and the air supply pressure P and the air flow rate Q are set.
The state of vibration of the disk caused by the pneumatic hammer phenomenon was investigated while changing the static stiffness of the guide depending on the temperature. 6 to 8 show the relationship between the static rigidity KA of the guide and the pneumatic vibration of the disc by one set of guides A, and FIGS. 9 to 11 show one of the two sets of guides, the guide A.
Static rigidity KA of the other guide B is fixed, and the static rigidity K of the other guide B is fixed.
It shows the generation state of each pneumatic vibration when B is changed. 6 to 11, nc represents the disc symmetry mode n, ns represents the disc distortion symmetry mode n, and the magnitude of vibration increases in the order of →→ ○ → ⊚.

According to the result of this first experiment, in the case of only one set of guides A, from FIG. 6 to FIG.
Increase the air flow rate to increase the static rigidity of guide A KA (kgf / μ
When m) is increased to exceed the stability limit rigidity KsA of the guide A, the disk resonates at its natural frequency, and the amplitude of the disk increases as the static rigidity increases. However, 0 <P ≦ 4 kgf
/ Cm ² , the disc has a static guide rigidity of KA ≤ 0.15 kg
Stabilizes at f / μm without vibration. In the case of two sets of guides A and B, one guide A is set higher than the stability limit rigidity KsA at which a pneumatic hammer phenomenon occurs, and the guide B in the non-cutting area on the opposite side is a guide for suppressing this vibration. B
The stability limit rigidity is set to KsB or less.

The static rigidity KB of the guide B is 4 kgf / cm ^{2 when} the supply pressure to the guides A and B is 4 kgf / cm ² from FIGS.
And the static rigidity of guide A is maximum value KA = 2.8 kgf /
Even if the μm is kept constant, the static rigidity of the guide B is 0 ≦
It can be seen that the object can be achieved if KB ≦ 0.2 kgf / μm. This is considered to be because when the KB is small, the squeeze effect causes the guide B to absorb the vibration energy of the disk and the action of the damper is larger than the action of the excitation.
Therefore, in order to enhance the effect of restricting the flow rate of air to the guide B, the pores of the porous material are made small, or ceramics, metal, nonmetal, etc. are sprayed on the surface to make the pore size smaller, thereby further stabilizing. It is possible to In addition, since the porous material has a larger air resistance as the pore path is longer than the pore diameter, the dynamic rigidity (the resistance of the guide to the abrupt lateral change of the base metal) is high and the pressure squeeze effect is high. You get a big guide. This experiment was carried out when the disc was stationary as described above.When we examined how the disc changed when it was rotated, the pneumatic hammer phenomenon became less likely to occur as the number of revolutions increased, but the same as when stationary. It was found that the instability of the disk can be suppressed. Therefore, all the subsequent experiments were performed while the disk was stationary.

Next, as a second experiment, the first guide 4 and the second
An experiment was conducted on the influence of the positional relationship of the guide 5 on the vibration suppression effect. Conditions not specifically described are the same as those in the first experiment, and as shown in FIG. 12, the mounting angle θ of the guide B at a position of 180 ° with respect to the guide A is sequentially changed so that the pneumatic hammer phenomenon does not occur. The stability limit rigidity KsB of the above was investigated and observed. As a result, as shown in the data in Table 1, the guide B is KsB ≈ 0.2 kgf / μ regardless of the position.
It was found that m has a vibration suppressing effect and does not change even when the guides A and B are adjacent to each other. The stability limit rigidity when the two sets of guide rigidity are the same KsA = K
It was sB≈0.2 kgf / μm.

[0017]

[Table 1]

Therefore, as a third experiment, as shown in FIG. 13, the guides A and B are integrated and the air flow rate to the guide B is gradually decreased. As a result, even if the static rigidity KB of the guide B becomes zero. There was no change in the vibration suppression effect. This proves that the guide B may be only a solid iron plate.
Next, as a fourth experiment, as shown in FIG.
I made two sets of integrated B and attached them at the 180 ° position, but there was no change in the vibration suppression effect. However, there was no deterrent effect only when one of the combination guides was set to A and B in reverse.

Next, as a fifth experiment, the relationship between the thickness t of the disk and the stability limit rigidity Ks shown in FIG. 15 was investigated. The guide conditions are the same as in the first experiment, and there is one guide,
The results of the examination with two guides are the data in Table 2, and FIG. 16 is this graph. According to this, since the static rigidity of the disc itself is inversely proportional to the cube of t, t = 1.00:
It became 1.25: 1.45 = 1: 2: 3, and it was found that Ks increased as the static rigidity of the disc itself increased, but did not change so much.

[0020]

[Table 2]

Next, as a sixth experiment, the results of examining the relationship between the clearance between the guide and the disc shown in FIG. 17 and the stability limit rigidity Ks are the data of Table 3, and FIG. 18 shows the data of two guides based on this data. It is a graph showing the relationship between KsB / KA and a gap. According to this result, if the gap is constant, the Ks value changes little with pressure in both one guide and two guides, and the smaller the gap, the larger the Ks value (approximately inversely proportional to the second to third power of the gap). KsB / K for two guides
It is difficult to set the value of A from FIG. 18, but it will be understood that KsB / KA <1/2 may be practically set.

[0022]

[Table 3]

Then, as a seventh experiment, as shown in FIG. 19, a guide A was formed by forming 25 small holes of φ0.8 in an X shape at a 3 mm pitch in a solid material of φ48 shown in FIGS. 20 and 21. The experiment was performed for the case of replacing with. Table 4 is this data. In the case of one guide A, it becomes unstable by slightly flowing air. It is considered that this is because the vibration is more likely to occur than the porous material and that the guide area is small. However, when the guide B made of a porous material is attached to form two guides, the stability limit rigidity KsB exhibits a vibration suppressing effect with a value that is not different from that in the above experiment. According to this experimental result, as long as one guide is in a stable state, the other guide may be any kind of guide, and in order to make it more stable, the larger the guide area, the smaller the guide gap, and the better. The porous material will be superior. In addition, the guide surface is slightly (10-20μ
m) When the concave surface was depressed, the deterrent effect was a little worse, but there was no practical problem.

[0024]

[Table 4]

Here, the relations and conditions of the first guide 4 and the second guide 5 of this embodiment are summarized as follows. The rigidity of the first guide 4 in the lateral direction increases at a position closer to the cutting area, and is most effective in the vicinity. 2. No matter where the second guide 5 is attached, vibration can be suppressed. 3. The first guide 4 and the second guide 5 are integrated (the static rigidity changes depending on the guide surface part with one guide)
The effect is the same even if it is made. 4. The guide surface may be slightly concave. 5. The compressed gas blowing holes on the guide surface are finely distributed and not directly connected to the guide because a guide with high dynamic rigidity and a large squeeze effect can be obtained. A porous material having intricate pores is preferable and is suitable for the first guide 4. 6. Further, when a thermal spray coating is formed on the surface of this porous material, the pore size becomes smaller and the surface becomes smoother, so that the dynamic rigidity is improved, but on the other hand, since the pressure loss is large, the static rigidity is lowered. Therefore, it is suitable for the second guide 5. However, the static rigidity is 1/2 or less that of the guide A. 7. By combining a porous material and a material having a sprayed coating formed on the surface of the porous material, it is possible to widen the stable region against the pneumatic hammer phenomenon in increasing the static rigidity of the first guide 4. .. 8. This guide has the same effect and is applicable to spline arbor or floating collar other than the fixed flange. The gas described here may include general air or a specific gas such as nitrogen gas or a gas mixed with a liquid that does not wet the workpiece.

[0026]

Since the present invention is configured as described above, it has the following effects. In a guide that blows compressed gas from the guide surfaces provided on both sides of the disk-shaped tool to increase the lateral rigidity of the disk-shaped tool, the vibration of the pneumatic hammer phenomenon of the guide near the cutting area with high static rigidity, Since the guide has low static rigidity at other points to prevent it from becoming stable and stabilize it, it is possible to use a thin circular saw etc. with a dry guide that does not stain the work material with water or oil. The yield at the time of cutting is improved, and the precision of fine groove processing can be improved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of a main part of a circular saw machine having two guides.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a guide.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing a force of a guide acting on a circular saw base metal.

FIG. 4 shows a method of testing a disc with one guide in the first experiment.

FIG. 5 shows a method of testing a disc with two guides in the first experiment.

6 is an air pressure of 1 kgf / cm ^{2 in} FIG. 4 of the first experiment.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the static rigidity of the guide and the occurrence of vibration of the disc at that time.

FIG. 7: Air pressure 2 kgf / cm ² of FIG. 4 of the first experiment
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the static rigidity of the guide and the occurrence of vibration of the disc at that time.

FIG. 8 is an air pressure of 4 kgf / cm ^{2 in} FIG. 4 of the first experiment.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the static rigidity of the guide and the occurrence of vibration of the disc at that time.

FIG. 9: Static stiffness of guide A of FIG. 5 of the first experiment 0.8
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the static rigidity of the guide B and the vibration of the disc when the load is 9 kgf / μm.

10: Static stiffness of guide A of FIG. 5 of the first experiment 1.
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the static rigidity of the guide B and the vibration of the disc when the load is 59 kgf / μm.

FIG. 11: Rigidity of Guide A of FIG. 5 of the first experiment 2.83 k
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the rigidity of the guide B and the generation of vibration of the disc when gf / μm is applied.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a test method in the case where the two guides in the second experiment have different positional relationships.

FIG. 13 is a view showing a test method when the two guides of the third experiment are close to or integrated with each other.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a test method when two sets of approaching or integral guides of the fourth experiment are used.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a method of testing the relationship with the stability limit rigidity when the thickness of the disc is changed in the fifth experiment.

FIG. 16 is a graph of a fifth experiment.

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a method of testing the relationship with the stability limit rigidity when the gap in the sixth experiment is changed.

FIG. 18 is a graph of a sixth experiment.

FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a test method when the guide A of the seventh experiment is changed to a solid material provided with fine holes.

FIG. 20 is a front view of a guide for the seventh experiment.

FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view of the side surface of the guide in the seventh experiment.

[Explanation of reference numerals] 2 circular saw 2a base metal 4 first guide 5 second guide 4a, 5a guide surface

[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] July 11, 1992

[Procedure Amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Name of item to be corrected] 0023

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

Then, as a seventh experiment, as shown in FIG. 19, a guide A is formed by forming 25 small holes of φ0.8 in an X shape at a pitch of 3 mm in a solid material of φ48 shown in FIGS. The experiment was performed for the case of replacing with. Table 4 is this data. In the case of one guide A, it becomes unstable by slightly flowing air. It is considered that this is because the vibration is more likely to occur than the porous material and that the guide area is small. However, when the guide B made of a porous material is attached to form two guides, the stability limit rigidity KsB exhibits a vibration suppressing effect with a value that is not different from that in the above experiment. According to this experimental result, if one guide is in a stable state,
The other guide can be any kind of guide, and a wider guide area is better for more stability,
The smaller the guide gap, the better, and the porous material is superior. In addition, cutting adheres to the guide surface
The deterrent effect was the concave surface is recessed to the inner surface of the guide surface to prevent became slightly bad, was not practical problem.

[Procedure Amendment 2]

[Document name to be corrected] Drawing

[Name of item to be corrected] Figure 2

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

[Fig. 2]

[Procedure 3]

[Document name to be corrected] Drawing

[Name of item to be corrected] Figure 3

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

[Figure 3]

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A disk-shaped tool is arranged such that a pair of guide surfaces are located at the center of the guides facing each other with a predetermined gap therebetween, and a compressed gas is blown out from the guide surfaces. In a guide device for increasing lateral rigidity near a guide of a disc-shaped tool, at least one guide is provided with two or more guides whose static rigidity is different from that of another guide. Tool guide device. 2. A disk-shaped tool is disposed such that a pair of guide surfaces are located at the center of the guides facing each other with a predetermined gap therebetween, and a compressed gas is blown out from the guide surfaces. In a guide device that increases the rigidity in the lateral direction near the guide of a disk-shaped tool, two guides, one with high static rigidity and one with low static rigidity or a guide with only static rigidity zero, are placed adjacent to each other. A disc-shaped tool guide device comprising at least one integrated unit. 3. The disk-shaped tool according to claim 1, comprising two guides, wherein the static rigidity of the guides at other points is about 1/2 or less of the static rigidity of the guides near the cutting point. Guide device. 4. The first guide surface of the guide having high static rigidity is made of a porous material, and the second guide surface of the guide having low static rigidity has a pore size larger than that of the porous material of the first guide surface. 4. A small porous material or a porous material having a reduced pore size by forming a thin film of a sprayable material on the surface of the porous material of the first guide surface. Device for disk-shaped tools. 5. The guide surface of the guide having high static rigidity is a flat surface having one or more compressed gas blowout holes, and the guide surface having low static rigidity is sprayed on the porous material or the surface of the porous material. 4. The guide device for a disc-shaped tool according to claim 1, wherein a thin film of a possible material is formed to reduce the pore size. 6. The guide surfaces of the guides having different static rigidity are both made of a porous material having the same pore size, the pressure and / or the flow rate of the supplied gas are different, and / or the area of the guide surface and / or the porous material. 4. The disc-shaped tool guide device according to claim 1, wherein the static rigidity is changed by changing the material thickness and / or the gap between the tool and the guide. 7. A guide surface of a guide having different static rigidity is a flat surface having one or more compressed gas blowing holes,
The static rigidity is changed by changing the pressure and / or the flow rate of the gas to be supplied and / or the hole size and / or the number of holes and / or the area of the guide surface.
The guide device for a disc-shaped tool according to any one of 3 above.