JPH0510779B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vacuum interrupter, and more particularly to a so-called vertical magnetic field type vacuum interrupter that is equipped with means for generating an axial magnetic field (longitudinal magnetic field) parallel to an arc. Prior art Vertical magnetic field type vacuum interrupters apply a parallel vertical magnetic field to the arc to disperse the arc on the electrode surface and prevent its local concentration, thereby preventing excessive melting of the electrode. A pair of electrode rods are introduced into a vacuum container so that they can be moved toward and away from each other, and an arc diffusion part and a contact part are installed at the inner end of each electrode rod. and a coil as a longitudinal magnetic field generating means is provided outside the vacuum container as described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 42-13045, or Japanese Patent Publication No. 53-41793. ,
Japanese Patent Publication No. 54-22813 or Japanese Patent Publication No. 56-
As described in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 130037, etc., it is possible to provide the back of each electrode in a vacuum container, or furthermore, as described in Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. 56-57443, etc., a pair of electrodes in a vacuum container can be provided. It is constructed by providing for the outer periphery. Incidentally, the electrode material of the vacuum interrupter is required to have the following properties (i) to (vi). (i) High current cutting ability (ii) High withstand voltage (iii) Low consumption (iv) Low current cutting value (v) Low contact resistance (vi) High welding strength However, in the electrodes of conventional vertical magnetic field type vacuum interrupters, arc diffusion parts are formed using a composite metal of austenitic stainless steel and copper (Cu), as disclosed in JP-A No. 53-21777. In addition, it is known that the contact portion is formed of a Cu-Bi alloy (e.g., Cu-0.5Bi alloy) in which Cu contains a small amount of bismuth (Bi), as described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 12131/1973. ing. However, although such an electrode can suppress the generation of eddy current due to a longitudinal magnetic field and has excellent large current shearing ability, welding resistance, and contact resistance, it is not suitable for high voltage applications. In addition, for high voltage applications, the arc diffusion part is formed from a composite metal of the austenitic stainless steel and Cu, and the contact part is
Tungsten added to Cu described in Publication No. 36121
(W)-containing Cu-W alloy (e.g. 20Cu-
80W alloy) is known.
However, this electrode has the disadvantage that it is difficult to cut off large currents such as fault currents. On the other hand, in order to cope with the rise in current and voltage accompanying the recent expansion of power systems, there is a demand for electrodes that are excellent in both current shedding ability and dielectric strength. OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a vertical magnetic field vacuum interrupter equipped with electrodes capable of interrupting large currents and high voltages. Structure of the Invention In order to achieve the above object, the present invention introduces a pair of electrode rods into a vacuum container so that they can approach and separate from each other, and an arc diffusion part and a contact part are provided at the inner end of each electrode rod. Each electrode consisting of is fixed,
In a vacuum interrupter comprising a coil for applying an axial magnetic field parallel to the arc to the outside of the vacuum vessel or inside the vacuum vessel, the arc diffusion portion of each electrode is made of 30 to 70% by weight austenitic stainless steel. and a composite metal consisting of 30 to 70% by weight of copper, and the contact part is made of 20% by weight of copper.
-70% by weight, 5-70% by weight of chromium, and 5-70% by weight of molybdenum. Embodiments Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a vacuum interrupter showing an embodiment of the present invention, and this vacuum interrupter is arranged in a vacuum container 1 on its axis, and a pair of electrode rods 2, 2 are placed relatively close to each other. A pair of electrodes 3, 3 in the shape of a cap-shaped disk are mechanically fixed to the inner end of each electrode rod 2 with an insulating spacer interposed, and each electrode rod 2 and electrode 3 are connected to each other as electrodes. A coil 4 is disposed on the back of the electrode rod 3 and generates a vertical magnetic field by changing the axial current (vertical direction in FIG. 1) flowing through the electrode rod 2 into a loop current centered around the electrode rod 2.
4 and is electrically connected to each other. That is, the vacuum container 1 is a thin annular sealing fitting made of Fe-Ni-Co alloy or Fe-Ni alloy, etc., with two cylindrical insulating tubes 5, 5 made of glass or ceramics fixed at both ends. 6, 6, . . . are joined together to form a single insulating cylinder, and both open ends thereof are closed by disc-shaped metal end plates 7, 7 through the other sealing fittings 6, 6, and high vacuum inside (for example, pressure below 5×10 ^-5 Torr)
It is formed by exhausting the air. And vacuum container 1
Inside, each electrode rod 2 has a respective metal end plate 7.
It is introduced from the center of the vacuum container 1 so that it can be relatively approached and separated while maintaining airtightness. In addition, one (upper in FIG. 1) electrode rod 2
is airtightly inserted into one metal end plate 7, and the other electrode rod 2 is inserted into the other metal end plate 7 as an axis while maintaining the airtightness of the vacuum vessel 1 via a metal bellows 8. It is inserted so that it can move freely in the direction. Further, in FIG. 1, 9 and 10 are a shaft shield and a bellows shield, 11 is a main shield, and 12 is an auxiliary shield. At the inner end of each electrode rod 2, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, there is a disc-shaped disc made of a material with high conductivity such as Cu and having a diameter suitably larger than the diameter of the electrode rod 2. a mounting base 4a; two arms 4b extending outward in a radial direction (left-right direction in FIG. 2) from opposing positions on the outer periphery of the mounting base 4a;
A 1/2 shunt type coil 4 consisting of an arc portion 4c curved in an arc shape in the same direction with the mounting base 4a as the center from the end of each arm 4b is attached to the mounting base 4.
It is fixed by brazing through a recess 13 formed in one (lower side in FIG. 2) of the surface of the portion a. The coil 4 includes a ring-shaped attachment portion 14a that is fitted onto the outer periphery of the inner end of the electrode rod 2 by brazing.
A plurality of support arms 14b extend radially outward from the outer periphery of the attachment portion 14a, and each support arm 14b
It is reinforced by being brazed to a coil reinforcing body 14 consisting of a ring-shaped support part 14c connecting the ends of the coil reinforcing body 14. The coil reinforcing body 14 is made of a material with high mechanical strength and low electrical conductivity, such as stainless steel. A circular recess 15 is provided on the other surface of the mounting base 4a of the coil 4, and the recess 15 is made of a material with high mechanical strength and low conductivity, such as stainless steel or Inconel. An insulating spacer 16 formed in a cylindrical shape is fixed by brazing via a small diameter flange 16a formed at one end thereof. The large-diameter flange 16b formed at the other end of the insulating spacer 16 is fitted with a circular plate-shaped mounting having a diameter appropriately larger than that of the large-diameter flange 16b and having a through hole approximately the same diameter as the inner diameter of the insulating spacer 16. A base 17a, two arms 17b extending radially outward from opposing positions on the outer periphery of the mounting base 17a, and a radius of curvature approximately equal to the arcuate portion 4c of the coil 4 from the end of each arm 17b. The auxiliary coil 1 consists of a circular arc portion 17c curved in an arc shape with an appropriate length in the same direction opposite to this, and is made of a material with high conductivity such as copper.
7 is fixed by brazing via an engagement step 18 provided on one (lower side in FIG. 2) surface of the mounting base 17a. The auxiliary coil 17 and the coil 4 are each circular arc portion 17c of the auxiliary coil 17.
One end is fixed to a recess 19 provided at the end of the coil 4, and the other end is electrically connected via an axial current-carrying pin 20 inserted into a through hole 21 provided at the end of each arcuate portion 4c of the coil 4. has been done. The electrode 3, which is formed to have approximately the same diameter as the coil 4, is attached to the auxiliary coil 17 by brazing to the mounting base 17a through a recess 22 provided at the center of the back surface.
It is joined to each arm 17b and arc portion 17c via the back surface by brazing. Electrode 3 is on the opposing surface (upper surface in FIG. 2)
The arc diffusion part 3a is formed in the shape of a cap-shaped disk with a circular recess 23 in the center and gradually becomes thinner as it approaches the periphery, and has a flat circular contact surface on the opposing surface and becomes gradually thinner as it approaches the periphery. The arc diffusion part 3 is formed in a cap-shaped disk shape and
Contact portion 3 fixed to recess 23 of a by brazing
b, and is provided in the shape of a cap-shaped disk as a whole. The arc diffusion part 3a of the electrode 3 is made of austenitic stainless steel (for example, SUS304, 316L, etc.)
It is made of a composite metal consisting of 30 to 70% by weight and 30 to 70% by weight of Cu. In addition, this composite metal has a conductivity of 4 to 30% (IACS%) and 30Kgf/mm ²
It has a tensile strength of 100 to 180 Hv (1 Kg) and a hardness of 100 to 180 Hv (1 Kg). In addition, the contact portion 3b contains 20 to 70% by weight of Cu, 5 to 70% by weight of chromium (Cr), and molybdenum (Mo).
It is formed from 5 to 70% by weight of composite metal.
Furthermore, this composite metal has a conductivity of 20-60% and
It has a hardness of 120-180Hv (1Kg). On the other hand, the composite metal forming the arc diffusion portion 3a and the composite metal forming the contact portion 3b are manufactured in substantially the same manner. Next, various manufacturing methods will be explained using a composite metal forming the contact portion 3b as an example. (1) For example, mix a predetermined amount of -100 mesh Cr powder and -100 mesh Mo powder, place this mixed powder in a container made of a material that does not react with Cr, Mo, and Cu (e.g., alumina), and place it on top of the container. Place the Cu block in a vacuum (5x
10 ^-5 Torr), the melting point of Cu (1083
Cu by heating at 1100℃ for 10 minutes at a temperature above ℃)
This is done by infiltrating a porous base material. (2) Powder Cr and Mo, mix them in a predetermined amount, place this mixed powder in a container made of alumina, etc., and place it in a non-oxidizing atmosphere (for example, in a vacuum, hydrogen gas, nitrogen gas, or Argon gas, etc.) at a temperature below the melting point of each metal (for example, below the melting point of Cu if the Cu material is placed on the powder in advance, or Cr if the Cu material is not placed on the powder in advance). (below the melting point of
~60 minutes) to form a porous base material, and then heated and held above the melting point of Cu in the above atmosphere (for example, at 1100°C for about 5 to 20 minutes) to infiltrate Cu into this base material. Combine them as one. (3) Powder the metals Cu, Cr, and Mo, mix them in predetermined amounts, press-mold this mixed powder to form a mixed powder, and then place this mixed powder in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. Cu
below the melting point of Cu (e.g. 1000℃) or above the melting point of Cu and below the melting point of other metals (e.g. 1100℃)
The metal powder particles are integrally bonded by heating and maintaining the temperature (about 5 to 60 minutes) at a temperature of 10.degree. Here, the particle size of the metal powder is not limited to -100 mesh (149 μm or less), but may be -60 mesh (250 μm or less). However, when the particle size is larger than 60 meshes, it becomes necessary to increase the heating temperature or lengthen the heating time as the diffusion distance increases when diffusion bonding each metal powder particle, which reduces productivity. This will result in a decline. On the other hand, as the upper limit of particle size decreases, uniform mixing (uniform dispersion of each metal powder particle) becomes difficult, and it is easy to oxidize, making handling troublesome and requiring pretreatment before use. Since there are problems such as smearing, etc., there is naturally a limit, and the upper limit of the particle size is selected based on various conditions. Note that the same considerations apply to the particle size of the metal powder when manufacturing the composite metal forming the arc diffusion portion 3a. Further, in both of the above-mentioned manufacturing methods (2) and (3), a vacuum atmosphere is preferable as a non-oxidizing atmosphere since it has the advantage that degassing can be performed simultaneously during heating and holding. However, even when manufactured in a non-oxidizing atmosphere other than a vacuum atmosphere, there is no difference in performance as an electrode for a vacuum interrupter. Next, I manufactured in substantially the same manner as manufacturing method (1)
The structure of the composite metal having the -A component composition (sus304 50% by weight and Cu 50% by weight) was as shown in the X-ray photographs shown in FIGS. 4A to 4E. That is, the X-ray photograph in FIG. 4A is a secondary electron image, and the X-ray photograph in B is a characteristic X-ray image showing the dispersion state of Fe.
It is. Moreover, the X-ray photograph C is a characteristic X-ray image showing the dispersion state of Cr, and the gray parts scattered like islands are Cr. The X-ray photograph D is a characteristic X-ray image showing the dispersion state of Ni, with gray areas scattered like islands.
It is Ni. Furthermore, the X-ray photograph E is a characteristic X-ray image showing the dispersed state of Cu, with the white portion being Cu. Therefore, the particles of SUS304 are bonded to each other to form a porous base material, and Cu is infiltrated into the pores (voids) of this base material to form a strongly bonded composite metal. I know that there is. Furthermore, -A component composition (Cu50 weight%, Cr10 weight% and Mo40 weight%) and -B component composition (Cu50 weight%, Cr25 weight%) produced by manufacturing method (1)
and Mo25% by weight) and -C component composition (Cu50% by weight, Cr40% by weight and Mo10% by weight)
The structural state of each composite metal is shown in Fig. 5A~
D, the result looked like the X-ray photographs shown in Figures 6A-D and 7A-D. That is, FIG. 5A, FIG. 6A, and FIG. 7A.
The X-ray photographs in Figure B are secondary electron images, and the X-ray photographs in each figure B are characteristic X-ray images showing the dispersion state of Cr, and the white parts scattered like islands are Cr. In addition, each X-ray photograph in Figure C shows the characteristic X that shows the dispersion state of Mo.
In the line image, the white parts scattered like islands are Mo.
Furthermore, the X-ray photographs in each figure D are characteristic X-ray images showing the dispersion state of Cu, with the white portion being Cu. Therefore, Cr and Mo particles diffusely bond with each other to form a porous base material, and Cu is infiltrated into the pores (voids) of this base material to form a strongly bonded composite metal. It can be seen that this is the case. On the other hand, each composite metal of I-A component composition, I-B component composition, and I-C component composition forming the arc diffusion part 3a, and -A component composition, -B component composition, and -C component forming the contact part 3b. The test results for various properties of each composite metal composition were as follows. Here, the I-B component composition is 70% by weight of sus304 and 30% by weight of Cu, and the I-C component composition is 30% by weight of sus304 and 70% by weight of Cu.
Each of the composite metals having the I-B component composition and the I-C component composition was manufactured in the same manner as the composite metal having the I-A component composition. (1) Electrical conductivity (IACS%) Arc diffusion part I-A component composition 5-15% I-B component composition 4-8% I-C component composition 10-30% Contact part-A component composition 40-50% - B component composition 40 to 50% - C component composition 40 to 50% (2) Hardness Arc diffusion part 100 to 180Hv (1Kg) Contact part 120 to 180Hv (1Kg) In addition, the arc diffusion part 3a is made of I-A component composition. The electrode shown in FIG. 2 is made of a composite metal and formed into a hat-shaped disk shape with a diameter of 100 m/m, and the contact part 3b is formed with a composite metal of -A component composition into a hat-shaped disk shape with a diameter of 60 m/m. The results of verifying the performance of a vacuum interrupter shown in FIG. 1 by incorporating this pair of electrodes 3 were as follows. (1) Current shedding capacity The shedding condition is rated voltage 12KV (restart voltage
21KV, JEC-181), it was able to cut a current of 60KA (rms) at a cutting speed of 1.2 to 1.5 m/s. In addition, the rated voltage is 84KV (restarting voltage is 143KV,
JEC-181), 50KA (r.
ms) was able to be cut off. Note that the arc diffusion part 3a has an I-B component composition, I
- When each composite metal has a C component composition, the contact portion 3
Table 1 shows the current carrying and breaking capacities of each composite metal of -B component composition and -C component composition and comparative products tested under the same conditions.

[Table] (2) Dielectric strength When the gap was maintained at 30m/m and a shock wave withstand voltage test was performed, the result was ±400KV (variation ±
It showed a dielectric strength of 10KV). In addition, similar tests were conducted after multiple cycles of high current (60 KA) and after interruptions, but there was no change in dielectric strength. Furthermore, a similar test was conducted after a small advance current (80A) was applied, but there was almost no change in dielectric strength. Note that the arc diffusion part 3a has an I-B component composition, I
The dielectric strength when using each composite metal of -C component composition and when the contact part 3b is made of each composite metal of -B component composition and -C component composition are both I-
It showed the same value as the combination of A component composition and -A component composition. Further, the results of each shock wave withstand voltage test of the product of the present invention (a combination of the I-A component composition and the -A component composition) and the comparative product are as shown in Table 2.

[Table] (3) Welding resistance Under a pressure of 130 kg, a current of 25 KA (rms) was
After energizing for seconds (IEC short-time current standard), 200
The contact resistance could be removed without any problems using a static removal force of Kg, and the subsequent increase in contact resistance was only 2 to 8%. In addition, under a pressure of 1000Kg, 50KA (rm
s.) was applied for 3 seconds, there was no problem in tripping, and the increase in contact resistance after that was only 0 to 5%, indicating sufficient welding resistance. Note that the arc diffusion part 3a has an I-B component composition, I
Similar results were obtained when each composite metal had a -C component composition and when the contact portion 3b was made of each composite metal having a -B component composition and a -C component composition. (4) Ability to interrupt small delayed currents (inductive loads) The current interrupt value when 30A current is applied is
3.9A (standard deviation σn=0.96, number of samples n=100). In addition, when the contact part 3b has a -B component composition, an average of 3.7A (σn=1.26, n=100), and when a -C component composition, an average of 3.9A (σn=1.5, n=
100). Further, the arc diffusion part 3a is
Similar values were also shown for the B component composition and the I-C component composition. (5) Ability to withstand small leading current (capacitive load) Voltage: 84KV×1.25/√3, 80A small leading current test (JEC-181) was conducted 10,000 times, but no re-ignition occurred. It was 0 times. Note that the arc diffusion part 3a has an I-B component composition, I
Similar results were obtained when each composite metal had a -C component composition and when the contact portion 3b was made of each composite metal having a -B component composition and a -C component composition. By the way, the composition of the composite metal forming the arc diffusion part 3a is austenitic stainless steel.
In cases outside the composition range of 30 to 70% by weight and Cu 30 to 70% by weight, satisfactory properties could not be obtained. That is, austenitic stainless steel is 30
When the amount was less than % by weight, the conductivity increased and the generation of eddy current became significant. In addition, the strength was lowered, the durability deteriorated, and the thickness of the arc diffusion part had to be increased. On the other hand, when the austenitic stainless steel content exceeded 70% by weight, the shearing performance significantly decreased. Further, the component composition of the composite metal forming the contact portion 6b is Cu20~70% by weight, Cr5~70% by weight, Mo5~
In cases outside the composition range of 70% by weight, satisfactory properties could not be obtained. That is, if Cu is less than 20% by weight,
The conductivity decreased and the contact resistance significantly increased, while when it exceeded 70% by weight, the welding force and shear value increased significantly, and the dielectric strength decreased significantly. In addition, when Cr is less than 5% by weight, the dielectric strength decreases significantly;
When it exceeded 20%, the electrical conductivity and mechanical strength were significantly reduced. Further, when Mo was less than 5% by weight, the dielectric strength was significantly lowered, while when it was more than 70% by weight, the mechanical strength was significantly lowered and the cleavage value became significantly larger. In the above-mentioned embodiment, the coil 4 is of the 1/2 shunt type, but the coil 4 is not limited to this. For example, the coil 4 is of the 1 turn, 1/3 shunt type or 1/4 shunt type. It is also good as a branch type. Further, the electrical connection between the electrode 3 and the coil 4 is not limited to the case where the auxiliary coil 17 bonded to the back of the electrode 3 is used. may be connected directly to the center of the back surface of the electrode. Furthermore, the coil 4 is not limited to the case where the coil 4 is provided on the back of the electrode 3;
Of course, the coil may be arranged so as to surround the pair of electrodes, or the coil may be arranged outside the vacuum vessel as described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 13045/1983. Effects of the Invention As described above, the present invention forms the arc diffusion part of each electrode of a vacuum interrupter from a composite metal consisting of 30 to 70% by weight of austenitic stainless steel and 30 to 70% by weight of Cu, and also forms the contact part.
Cu20~70wt%, Cr5~70wt% and Mo5~70
Since it is made of a composite metal consisting of % by weight, the current carrying and breaking ability can be greatly improved compared to conventional ones. Furthermore, it is possible to obtain excellent dielectric strength similar to the conventional one in which the contact portion is formed of a 20Cu-80W alloy.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing one embodiment of the vacuum interrupter of the present invention, FIGS. 2 and 3 are longitudinal sectional views and exploded perspective views of the electrodes in FIG. 1, respectively, and FIGS. 4A, B, and C. , D, and E are X-ray photographs showing the structural state of the composite metal forming the arc diffusion part; FIGS. 5A, B, C, and D; FIGS. , C, and D are X-ray photographs showing the structural states of different compositions of the composite metals forming the contact portions, respectively. 1... Vacuum container, 2... Electrode rod, 3... Electrode,
3a...Arc diffusion part, 3b...Contact part, 4...
coil.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 A pair of electrode rods are introduced into a vacuum container so as to be able to approach and separate from each other, and an electrode consisting of an arc diffusion part and a contact part is fixed to the inner end of each electrode rod, and the outside of the vacuum container is Alternatively, in a vacuum interrupter comprising a coil that applies an axial magnetic field parallel to the arc inside a vacuum vessel, the arc diffusion portion of each electrode is made of 30 to 70% by weight austenitic stainless steel and 30 to 70% by weight copper. % by weight of a vacuum interrupter, and a contact portion thereof is formed of a composite metal of 20 to 70% by weight of copper, 5 to 70% by weight of chromium, and 5 to 70% by weight of molybdenum.