JPH05106571A - Fluid compressor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent application of an excessive load on each spiral blade in a fluid compressor embodied in the spiral blade system by furnishing an opening/closing valve which is facing a plurality of working chambers partitioned by the blades and releases the pressure from a working chamber on the high pressure side toward a working chamber on the low pressure side. CONSTITUTION:When current is fed to a motor-driven element 9 for rotating a cylinder 17 constructed in a single piece with a rotor 15, a rotary body 21 is turned through an Oldham ring 23. Because this rotary body 21 makes eccentric rotation, a relative velocity is generated between its peripheral surface and the bore of the cylinder 17 facing the same 21 to cause its revolving relative to the cylinder 17. As a result, the fluid sent into the working chamber 35 on the suction side is compressed while fed one bit by bit to the working chamber 35 on the discharge end side. In this type of compressor, an opening/closing valve 43 is formed at the cylinder 17 in such a way as facing the working chamber 35 on the high pressure side and is operated so that it opens, when a large amount of fluid is confined in the working chamber 35 to put the inside thereof in the overcompressed state, and closes when this overcompressed state goes out.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a spiral blade type fluid compressor suitable for compressing refrigerant gas in a refrigeration cycle, for example.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Reciprocating type compressors, rotary type compressors, and the like have been known as general compressors. In addition, a refrigerant flowing from a suction end side of a cylinder into a working chamber is discharged from the cylinder. There is provided a spiral blade type fluid compressor in which the fluid is compressed while being sequentially transferred to the working chamber and discharged to the outside.

An outline of the spiral blade type compressor is, for example, as shown in FIG. 10, a stator 101 and a rotor 103.
A cylinder 105 which is rotated by a driving means consisting of
The cylinder 105 is provided with a rotating rod 109 that is eccentrically arranged by ec and is rotatable relative to the cylinder 105 via an Oldham ring 107. Groove 1
11 is formed, and the spiral blade 11 is formed in the groove 111.
3 is fitted so as to be able to move in and out freely. The outer peripheral surface of the blade 113 is in close contact with the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder 105, and the blade 1
13 rotates together with the rotating rod 109. Since the rotating rod 109 with respect to the cylinder 105 is eccentrically rotated, a relative speed is generated between the rod outer peripheral surface and the cylinder inner peripheral surface facing the rod, and the relative speed changes in one rotation cycle. Therefore, as described above, the blade 113 moves in and out of the spiral groove 111 to form a plurality of working chambers 115 in the space between the rotating rod 109 and the cylinder 105 along the axial direction. ..
The working chamber 115 has a volume of the blade 11 as shown in FIG.
3 is determined by the pitch P of the spiral groove 111 into which the groove 3 is fitted, and the pitch P of the groove 111 gradually decreases from one end to the other end of the rotating rod 109. Therefore, the working chamber 1 formed by the blade 113
The volume of 15 is the rotation rod 1 on the suction pipe 117 side.
09 is gradually reduced from the suction end side toward the discharge end side which is the discharge pipe 119 side, so that the refrigerant is compressed and discharged outside while being sequentially transferred toward the discharge end side. There is.

[0004]

As described above, in the spiral blade type fluid compressor, the working chamber 115 is formed by the blades 113 having different pitches.
The volume when the refrigerant is closed in 15 and the volume of the working chamber 115 immediately before the discharge are mechanically determined, and the discharge pressure is determined by the suction pressure. Therefore, since the operation is performed under a constant discharge pressure condition, it is difficult to obtain a wide range of operation control.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a fluid compressor which can be operated in a wide range and has high efficiency corresponding to operating conditions.

[0006]

In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, a cylinder having a suction end side and a discharge end side, which is provided in a closed case, is provided along the axial direction of the cylinder. And a cylinder-shaped rotating body that is eccentrically arranged and is rotatable relative to the cylinder while a part of the cylinder is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder, and a suction end side of the cylinder provided on the outer periphery of the rotating body. From the discharge end side to a spiral groove, and an outer peripheral surface that fits in the groove and is in close contact with the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder. A spiral blade that divides the peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface of the rotating body into a plurality of working chambers; and a drive unit that relatively swivels the rotating body and the cylinder. Suction of the cylinder during dynamic turning In a fluid compressor that transfers the fluid flowing into the working chamber from the side to the working chamber on the discharge end side while sequentially compressing the fluid and discharges the fluid to the outside, the fluid compressor opens at a pressure exceeding the specified pressure in the working chamber, An on-off valve that releases pressure from the working chamber to the low-pressure working chamber on the blowing side or into the sealed case is provided in the working chamber. Further, outside the main passage that connects the blowing passage on the blowing end side and the working chamber to the rotating body,
A sub-passage communicating with the working chamber in the middle of compression is provided, and a control valve for controlling the sub-passage to be opened and closed by the actuating means is provided.

[0007]

According to such a fluid compressor, when the operating condition changes, for example, when the refrigerant exceeds the specified amount and the refrigerant is closed in the working chamber, the overcompressed state is reached. When the pressure exceeds the value, it opens and the pressure is released until the proper value is reached. As a result, the blade is prevented from being overloaded.

On the other hand, during the compression process, by opening the sub passage by the operating means, it becomes possible to start compression from the middle stage of the compression process, and the excluded volume and compression ratio can be changed.

[0009]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings of FIGS. In FIG. 1, 1
Shows a closed case of a closed type fluid compressor 3 used in a refrigeration cycle. One side of the closed case 1 is provided with a suction pipe 5 of the refrigeration cycle and the other side is provided with a discharge pipe 7. An electric element 9 as a driving means and a compression element 11 as a compression means are arranged in the closed case 1.

The electric element 9 has a stator 13 fixed to the inner surface of the closed case 1, and a rotatable rotor 15 provided inside the stator 13.

The compression element 11 has a cylinder 17 whose both ends are open. The cylinder 17 is rotatably supported at its both ends by left and right bearings 19 and 20 fixed to the inner surface of the hermetically sealed case 1. The bearings 19 and 20 are boss portions 19a and 20a in which the ends of the cylinder 17 are rotatably fitted, and the sealed case 1 having a diameter larger than those of the boss portions 19a and 20a.
And a base portion 19b and 20b fixed to the inner surface of the cylinder 17, and both ends of the cylinder 17 are hermetically closed.

Inside the cylinder 17, a cylindrical rotating body 21 smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder 17 is arranged along the axial direction of the cylinder 17. The rotating body 21 is made of iron or another material, and its central axis A is eccentrically arranged downward in FIG. 1 by a distance e with respect to the central axis B of the cylinder 17, and a part of the rotating body 21 makes line contact with the inner peripheral surface. is doing.

Spindles 21a and 21b having a small diameter are provided at both ends of the rotary body 21, respectively.
a and 21b are boss portions 19 of the bearings 19 and 20, respectively.
It is rotatably inserted and supported in bearing holes 19c and 20c formed in a and 20a.

On one of the support shaft portions 21a of the rotating body 21, there is formed a prismatic portion 25 having a square cross section which functions as a power transmission surface for transmitting the rotary power from the cylinder 17 side via the Oldham ring 23. .. The prismatic portion 25 fits with the rectangular elongated hole 26 formed in the Oldham ring 23 with play, and the prismatic portion 25 is slidable within the play range. Further, on the outer peripheral surface of the Oldham ring 23, one end portions of a pair of transmission pins 27, 27 are slidably fitted in the radial direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the elongated hole 26, respectively. The end portion has a fitting hole 2 formed in the peripheral wall of the cylinder 17.
It is fitted and fixed to 9. Thereby, the rotating body 21
Is securely attached at a position eccentric to the cylinder 17, and the rotational force of the cylinder 17 is transmitted to the rotating body 21 via the Oldham ring 23.

Therefore, when the electric element 9 is actuated, the cylinder 17 rotates integrally with the rotor 15, so that the rotary body 21 is eccentrically rotated with respect to the cylinder 17 via the Oldham ring 23. At this time, a relative speed is generated between the outer peripheral surface of the rotating body 21 and the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder 17 which faces the rotating body 21, and the relative speed changes in a cycle of one rotation so as to rotate inward in the cylinder 17. , And the cylinder 17 is rotated.

On the other hand, a spiral groove 31 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating body 21, and the spiral groove 31 has the largest pitch P on the suction end side (right side in FIG. 1). , The pitch is set to decrease gradually toward the discharge end side (left side in the drawing).

Further, a spiral blade 33 made of an elastic material such as synthetic resin is fitted in the spiral groove 31 so as to freely move in and out by utilizing elastic force. This allows
Each working chamber 35 is formed and the working chamber 35 on the suction end side has the largest volume. Hereinafter, the volumes of the respective working chambers 35 are set to be gradually reduced toward the discharge end side, and the final working chamber 35 on the discharge side is a discharge hole 37 opened in the sealed case 1 formed in the bearing 20. It is in communication with. Further, each working chamber 35 is formed along the blade 33 as shown in FIG.
It is a substantially crescent-shaped region extending from the contact portion with 7a to the next contact portion. The first working chamber 35 on the suction end side
Is the main passage 39 provided at the shaft end of the rotating body 21.
And a suction passage 41 provided in the bearing 19 to communicate with the suction pipe 5 of the refrigeration cycle. As a result, the refrigerant sucked from the suction pipe 5 into the cylinder 17 is reliably introduced into the first working chamber 35 without interruption.

As shown in FIG. 2, the working chamber 35 includes a blade 33 for partitioning the high-pressure working chamber 35 on the discharge side (left side in the drawing) and the low-pressure working chamber 35 on the blowing side (right side in the drawing). The opening / closing valve 43 is provided over a partial area.

The on-off valve 43 is urged toward the blade 33 by an urging spring 45 to partition the working chambers 35, 35. The urging spring 45 for urging the on-off valve 43 is set to a spring pressure that causes the on-off valve 43 to rise and open when the pressure in the working chamber 35 exceeds a specified pressure. As a result, the high pressure working chamber 35
The pressure is released toward the low-pressure working chamber 35 as indicated by the arrow, and the specified pressure is secured.

In this case, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, an opening valve chamber 47 that connects the working chamber 35 and the closed case 1 is formed in the cylinder 17 forming the working chamber 35, and the opening valve chamber 47 is formed. An opening / closing valve 51 that can be opened and closed biased by the biasing spring 49 may be provided so that the pressure exceeding the specified pressure escapes into the sealed case 1 by opening the opening / closing valve 51.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 55 denotes an oil introducing passage provided in the rotating body 21, one end of the oil introducing passage 55 communicates with the spiral groove 31, and the other end thereof is on the suction end side. Through a communication hole 57 bored in the bearing 19 and is connected and communicated with the introduction pipe 59 whose suction port 59a faces the bottom of the closed case 1. Therefore, when the pressure in the closed case 1 rises, the lubricating oil stored in the bottom of the closed case 1 is fed into the groove 31 through the introduction pipe 59, the communication hole 57 and the oil introduction passage 55, so that the blade 31 Lubrication when entering and leaving 33 is ensured.

Next, the operation of the fluid compressor thus constructed will be described.

First, when the electric element 9 is energized, the rotor 15
Rotates, and the cylinder 17 also rotates integrally with the rotor 15. If the cylinder 17 rotates, the Oldham ring 23
The rotating body 21 also rotates via the. Since the rotating body 21 with respect to the cylinder 17 is eccentrically rotated, a relative speed is generated between the outer peripheral surface of the rotating body 21 and the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder 17 facing the rotating body 21, and the relative speed is one rotation cycle. While changing, it rotates inward in the cylinder 17,
The rotating body 21 makes a turning motion with respect to 7. As a result, the fluid such as the refrigerant sent to the working chamber 35 on the suction end side is compressed while being sequentially sent to the working chamber 35 on the discharge end side, and discharged from the discharge pipe 7.

During this operation, for example, when a large amount of refrigerant is trapped in the working chamber 35 due to changes in operating conditions, the working chamber 35 is in an overcompressed state in which it exceeds the specified pressure.
When this overcompression state occurs, the opening / closing valve 43 opens due to the pressure. Then, when the pressure in the working chamber 35 returns to an appropriate value, it will close. As a result, no loss of power occurs and the discharge pressure corresponding to the operating conditions is always secured. Even if a large amount of lubricating oil enters the working chamber 35 for some reason, the lubricating oil is returned to the working chamber 35 on the low pressure side or the closed case 1.

7 to 10 show a second embodiment. In this embodiment, it is possible to control the excluded volume / compression ratio by opening / closing the control valve.

That is, the rotary body 21 is provided with the main passage 39, and outside the main passage 39, the working chamber 35 during the compression process.
Also, a sub passage 61 that communicates with the blow passage 41 is provided. The sub-passage 61 is provided with a control valve 65 which is controlled to be opened and closed by the actuating means 63. The actuating means 63 is penetrated along the central axis A of the rotating body 21, and one end of the actuating means 63 is connected to the actuating rod 67 protruding from the sealed case 1 to the outside through the connecting member 69. .. The control valve 65 is normally urged by an urging spring 71 provided on the operating rod 67 to close the sub passage 61. The protruding portion of the operating rod 67 protruding from the closed case 1 is the operating portion 67a.
By pressing the operating portion 67a in the direction of arrow F, the control valve 65 can be opened and closed as shown in FIGS.

Since the other structures are the same as those of the above-mentioned embodiment, the same reference numerals are given and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

In such a structure, the operating section 67 is operated during operation.
By pressing a to open the control valve 65, the pressure in the working chamber 35 during the compression process is lowered via the sub passage 61.

Therefore, the excluded volume / compression ratio can be changed by controlling the opening / closing of the control valve 65, and the capacity control and the compression ratio control can be performed.

[0030]

As described above, according to the fluid compressor of the present invention, the discharge pressure corresponding to the operating condition can be secured, and the efficient operating condition can be obtained. In addition, capacity control and compression ratio control are possible, and a wide range of operations can be performed.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a fluid compressor.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view showing a mounting state of an on-off valve.

FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of a cylinder and a rotating body.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line IV-IV of FIG.

5 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 1 in which a modified example of the on-off valve is implemented.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged sectional view of the on-off valve of the above.

FIG. 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part showing a second embodiment.

FIG. 8 is an operation diagram of the control valve of the second embodiment.

FIG. 9 is an operation diagram of the control valve of the second embodiment.

10 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 1 in which the second embodiment is carried out.

FIG. 11 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 1 showing a conventional example.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the above rotating body.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Sealed case 9 Driving means 17 Cylinder 21 Rotating body 31 Spiral groove 33 Blade 35 Working chamber 39 Main passage 41 Blowing passage 43 Opening valve 51 Opening valve 63 Operating means 65 Control valve

Front page continuation (72) Inventor Masayuki Okuda 70 Yanagicho, Sachi-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa Toshiba Yanagimachi Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Naoya Ryukaku 8 Shinsugita-cho, Isogo-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Incorporated company Toshiba Living Space Systems (72) Inventor Kenshi Kumazawa, 8 Shinsita-cho, Isogo-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Ltd. Incorporated, Toshiba Living Space Systems Technology Laboratory (72) Inventor, Toshiya Yajima 8-shin, Shinsugita-cho, Isogo-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Company Toshiba Living Space Systems Engineering Laboratory (72) Inventor Kanji Sakata 8 Shinsugita-cho, Isogo-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Stock Company Toshiba Living Space Systems Engineering Laboratory (72) Inventor Teruo Kozuna 3-3 Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo No. 9 in Toshiba Abu E Co., Ltd.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A cylinder having a suction end side and a discharge end side provided in a sealed case, and a state in which the cylinder is eccentrically arranged along the axial direction of the cylinder and a part of which is in contact with an inner peripheral surface of the cylinder. And a cylindrical rotating body that is relatively rotatable with respect to the cylinder, and a spiral groove formed on the outer periphery of the rotating body at a pitch that gradually decreases from the suction end side to the discharge end side of the cylinder. And an outer peripheral surface that fits freely into and out of the groove and is in close contact with the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder, and divides the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder and the outer peripheral surface of the rotating body into a plurality of working chambers. A spiral blade and a drive unit that relatively swirls the rotating body and the cylinder, and discharges the fluid that has flowed into the working chamber from the suction end side of the cylinder when the rotating body and the cylinder relatively swirl. Side compression chamber In a fluid compressor that discharges the fluid to the outside and discharges it to the outside, it opens at a pressure exceeding the specified pressure in the working chamber, and the pressure is changed from the high-pressure working chamber on the discharge side to the low-pressure working chamber on the blow side or into the sealed case. A fluid compressor, wherein an on-off valve for releasing the fluid is provided in the working chamber. 2. A cylinder having a suction end side and a discharge end side provided in a hermetically sealed case, and a state in which the cylinder is eccentrically arranged along the axial direction of the cylinder and a part of which is in contact with an inner peripheral surface of the cylinder. And a cylindrical rotating body that is relatively rotatable with respect to the cylinder, and a spiral groove formed on the outer periphery of the rotating body at a pitch that gradually decreases from the suction end side to the discharge end side of the cylinder. And an outer peripheral surface that fits freely into and out of the groove and is in close contact with the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder, and divides the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder and the outer peripheral surface of the rotating body into a plurality of working chambers. A spiral blade and a drive unit that relatively swirls the rotating body and the cylinder, and discharges the fluid that has flowed into the working chamber from the suction end side of the cylinder when the rotating body and the cylinder relatively swirl. Side compression chamber In the fluid compressor that is transferred from the air and discharged to the outside, the rotary body is provided with a sub-passage that communicates with the working chamber during the compression process outside the main passage that connects the blowing passage on the blowing end side with the working chamber. A fluid compressor comprising a control valve for controlling the sub passage to be opened and closed by means.