JPH049882A - Electrostatic charge member and electrophotographic copying machine using it - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain an electrostatic charge member which is stable in a semiconductive area, whose mass-productivity is excellent and which is inexpensive by providing a copper thin film on the surface of a non-metallic particle in an elastic body and containing an electrodeposition coating particle having an electrodeposition coat on it, besides. CONSTITUTION:The elastic body 3 containing double oxide is formed on the cylindrical conductive substrate 2 of the electrostatic charge member 1. Besides, the non-metallic particle having the copper thin film on the surface and a chemical colored film are provided in the member 1. Then, the particle having the electrodeposition coat is contained on the chemical colored film. Therefore, the member 1 is stable in the semiconductive area and it can be manufactured with excellent reproducibility. Besides, by adding reinforcing agent or softing agent into the elastic body 3, a material having an optional resistance value is stably obtained in the semiconductive area and reinforcing property or flexibility is also given to the body 3. Thus, stable semi-conductivity is obtained and the electrostatic charge member 1 whose reproducibility, mass-productivity and stability are excellent and which is inexpensive is obtained.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a charging member, and more particularly to an electrophotographic charging member for transfer, photoreceptor charging, transportation, and paper feeding, and electrophotography using the same. Regarding equipment.

[Prior art]

Problems regarding the electrical resistance of charging members for electrophotography are often raised.

For example, in electrophotographic printers such as small-sized racer beam printers that have become widespread in recent years, most use an organic photoconductor (hereinafter referred to as OPC) as a photoreceptor and use a reversal development method to develop the exposed area of the image. is often adopted.

In addition, this type of transfer device for printers has the following advantages: it is compact, it can perform transfer with low voltage application, it produces less corona discharge products such as ozone, and it has good stability in conveying transfer materials such as paper. From this point of view, contact roller transfer devices and belt transfer devices are used.

When successfully transferring the toner image on the image carrier onto the transfer material using this type of contact transfer device, if the transfer material has a very high resistance (for example, paper left under low humidity, polyester film, etc.). transperancy paper, etc.),
A strong transfer current is required.

If such a strong transfer electric field is directly applied to the image carrier, an excessive current will flow through the image carrier, damaging the image carrier. This phenomenon becomes particularly noticeable when passing small-sized paper. In order to solve these problems, a semi-conductive region is required as the resistance value of the charging member for transfer.

Similarly, in a contact type charging device for charging a photoconductor, there are problems when using a conductive charging member for primary charging. It is known that when a pinhole exists on the photoreceptor, discharge occurs there, resulting in image defects.

Therefore, like the charging member for transfer, in order to solve the above problem, 1.
Attempts are being made to solve this problem by setting the electrical resistance of the charging member for subsequent charging to a semi-conductive region and limiting the current flowing into the photoreceptor.

A conventionally known method for obtaining a material with a resistance value in the semiconductive range is to first disperse a conductive filler such as conductive carbon, graphite, or metal powder into an elastic body such as rubber or a resin matrix. There are ways to adjust the resistance, but as is well known, in the semiconducting region, the resistance changes sharply depending on the amount of conductive filler added, so when the conductive filler is mixed, the loss due to scattering of the conductive filler to the outside, the degree of dispersion, etc. A slight difference in the electrical resistance value appears,
Therefore, it lacks reproducibility and poses problems in terms of mass production stability.

In addition, stabilization in the semiconducting resistance range by adding plasticizers, low molecular weight liquid rubbers, and surfactants has been proposed, but when these additives are used, plasticizers, low molecular weight liquid rubbers,
There is a problem in that the surfactant oozes out onto the surface of the charging member and transfers to the photoreceptor placed in contact with the charging member, contaminating the photoreceptor and eventually causing image defects. In addition, the oozing of plasticizers, low molecular weight liquid rubbers, and surfactants onto the surface of the charging member significantly increases stickiness, resulting in adsorption of toner and paper dust, which deteriorates the functionality of the charging member. was there.

In addition, there is an example of dispersing a crosslinked silicone rubber pulverized product containing carbon black into silicone rubber as described in JP-A No. 63-156858, but in this case, there are problems such as high manufacturing costs. There is.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a charging member that is stable in the semiconducting region, has excellent mass productivity, and is low in cost.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic apparatus that can form copies of good image quality even after continuous copying of a large number of sheets.

[Means for solving problems]

The above object is achieved by the following invention.

That is, the present invention is a charging member characterized in that an elastic body contains electrocoated particles having a copper thin film on the surface of nonmetallic particles and further having an electrocoated coating thereon.

The charging member according to the present invention has non-metallic particles having a copper thin film on the surface and a chemically colored film, and contains particles having an electrodeposition coating on the chemically colored film, so that a semiconducting region that has not been stabilized in the past has been achieved. It can be manufactured stably and with good reproducibility. In addition, by adding a reinforcing agent or a softening agent to the elastic body, it is possible to stably obtain a material with any resistance value in the semiconducting region, and also to impart reinforcing properties and flexibility to the elastic body. When applied to charging the photoreceptor, a sufficient nip width can be obtained and good charging characteristics can be obtained.

Conventional fillers that are dispersed in a dispersion medium such as a polymer have a specific resistance of less than 101 Ωcm, which corresponds to a region where the resistance value changes rapidly depending on the amount of filler added, so reproducibility is poor. , lacking stability in mass production.

On the other hand, if it is higher than 10 3 Ω·cm, a considerably large amount is required to exhibit semiconductivity, making dispersion processing difficult. Even if it were possible to disperse it, the physical properties would be significantly inferior and would not be of practical use. In addition, the hardness is considerably high, causing problems such as insufficient and stable pressure contact with the photoreceptor and the like.

On the other hand, the specific resistance of conductive particles is 101~103Ω
- When cm is used, stable semiconductivity can be obtained with an amount added that does not cause problems in physical properties, and it is excellent in reproducibility and mass production stability.

In the present invention, by having a copper thin film on the surface of the nonmetallic particles and forming an electrodeposition coating film thereon, the specific resistance is 101.
The conductive particles are adjusted to ~10 3 Ω·cm.

As electrodeposition coating materials, acrylic/melamine, acrylic,
A conductive film is formed on the surface of non-metallic particles by using conductive particles such as carbon black or metal dispersed in a low-curing resin such as epoxy, urethane, or alkyd. be. The specific resistance of the electrodeposited coating particles obtained in this way is 10' depending on the degree of electrodeposition treatment.
This makes it possible to adjust the resistance to ~103Ω·cm.

Non-metallic particles used to form electrodeposition coating particles include:
Resin particles, alumina, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, zirconium, niobium carbide, tantil carbide, ceramic particles such as diamond, mica, etc. are used.

Electroless plating of copper is suitable for forming a copper thin film on the surface of the nonmetallic particles. It is preferable to form a chemically colored film after the formation of the copper thin film and before forming the electrodeposition coating, since the adhesion strength of the electrodeposition coating can be increased. Methods for forming this chemically colored film include the copper oxide method, copper carbonate method, copper sulfide method, cupric ammonia hydroxide method, and cuprous oxide method, but the present invention provides a method that satisfies adhesion and corrosion resistance. The copper oxide method using alkali is most effective.

The content of electrodeposition coating particles in the elastic body is 5 wt% to 50
Wt%, especially 10wt% to 40wt% is preferred.

Furthermore, when the charging member for transfer is also used to convey a transfer material such as paper, as typified by a roller-shaped charging member for transfer, the material itself is required to have mechanical strength such as wear resistance.

In this case, it is preferable to use a reinforcing agent in addition to the double oxide.

As the reinforcing agent, reinforcing carphone such as carphone black, silica, etc. can be used as appropriate. As a result of our study on the case of using carbon black, we found that the specific resistance is 10°Ω・cm or more, and the amount added is O.1w.
t% to 20 wt%, preferably 3. wt%~1
It has been found that the reinforcing properties are excellent and the resistance is stable in the range of 5 wt%. In other words, the specific resistance is 100Ω・c
When it is less than m, the conductive ability is large, and even a small amount of addition tends to cause potential unevenness. Furthermore, when the amount added exceeds 20 wt%, the resistance value becomes more dependent on carbon black than on the double oxide, and the addition of the double oxide tends to be meaningless.

Examples of reinforcing carbon include those used for general industrial purposes, such as l5AF (Intermediate
5upper Abrasion Furnace),
SAF (Super Ab-ration)
Furnace), HAF (/% Ear Ablation Furnace Black), FEF (Fast
Extrusion Furnace), S
RF (Semi-Reinforcing Fur)
nace), FT (Fine Thermal), EPC
(Easy Pr.

cessing Channel I) MPC(
Medium Processing Channel
el), etc.

Further, in the charging member for roller shape transfer and the charging member for roller shape primary charging, by maintaining a sufficient pressure contact area with the photoreceptor, good and uniform charging characteristics and transfer characteristics can be obtained. Therefore, particularly low hardness is required for the above-mentioned uses.

At this time, process oil such as insulating oil is preferably added, but as a result of examining various insulating oils, we found that the specific resistance of the oil is 10 Ω・cm or more, and the amount added is 5.
wt%~20wt%, preferably 8wt%~16w
At t%, it has low hardness, excellent reinforcing properties, and stable resistance value. When oil with a specific resistance of less than 10 Ωcm is used, when it transfers onto the photoconductor, the potential on the photoconductor shifts only at the oil transfer location, which may cause image defects or tend to cause toner to aggregate on the photoconductor. become.

Furthermore, if the amount added exceeds 20 wt%, oozing onto the surface of the charging member becomes noticeable, contaminating the photoreceptor, and the adhesion of toner, paper powder, etc. to the surface of the charging member becomes significant, and the function as a charging member is impaired. Problems with deterioration are likely to occur.

Examples of such insulating oil include paraffin oil and mineral oil.

Examples of the elastic body in the present invention include EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer), polybutadiene, natural rubber, polyisoprene, SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber), CR (chloroprene rubber), NB
Rubbers such as R tolyl-butadiene rubber), silicone rubber, urethane rubber, and ebichlorohydrin rubber; polystyrene-based, polyolefin-based, polyester-based such as RB (butadiene resin), 5BS (styrene-butadiene-styrene elastomer), Polyurethane type, thermoplastic elastomer such as PvC, polyurethane, polystyrene, P
E (polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), P
VC (polyvinyl chloride), acrylic resin, styrene
Polymer materials such as vinyl acetate copolymer and butadiene-acrylontrile copolymer can be used. Further, the elastic body can be used as a foam or as a solid rubber.

Furthermore, if necessary, calcium carbonate, various clays,
Talc or a blend thereof, and
Fillers such as silica-based fillers such as hydrous silicic acid, anhydrous silicic acid, and their respective salts may be added.

In addition, when using a foaming agent, examples of the foaming agent include A, D,
C, A, (azoshicarbonamide) system, D, P, T, (di-nitrosopentamethylenetetramine) system, O, B, S
, H, (4,4'-oxybis-benzenesulfonyl hydrazide) system, T, S, H, (P-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide) system, A, 1. B, N, (azobisisobutyronitrile), etc. can be used, and especially 1. A blend system of mA, D, C, A, system, O, B, S, ) (, system) provides a dense foam with tight vulcanization (high crosslinking density).

In the case of polymers where the strength and flexibility of the material can be changed by adjusting the polymer structure of the polymer itself, as seen in certain polymers such as urethane rubber and silicone rubber, only the addition of a double oxide is sufficient. Practically required hardness and strength can be achieved without necessarily adding a reinforcing filler such as carbon black or a softener.

In addition, the specific resistance of the powder in the present invention is the applied load of 100
Kg/crr? The resistance value was measured using a general powder resistance measurement method at 25° C. and 60 R8%.

The shape of the charging member of the present invention may be a roller, a blade, or the like, and can be selected depending on the specifications of the electrophotographic apparatus.

FIG. 1 shows the basic configuration of a roller-shaped charging member 1, in which an elastic body 3 containing a double oxide is formed on a cylindrical conductive substrate 2.

Further, when the charging member is in the shape of a blade, an elastic body containing a double oxide may be formed on a plate-shaped conductive substrate.

As the conductive substrate, metals such as iron, copper, stainless steel, metal alloys, conductive resins, etc. can be used.

For example, when charging a photoreceptor using the charging member of the present invention, by applying a voltage from the outside to the conductive base of the charging member, the photoreceptor placed in contact with the charging member is charged. Can be charged.

Charging is carried out by bringing a charging member into contact with the surface of the photoreceptor, but the surface of the photoreceptor is charged by the charging member to which a voltage is applied in the slight gap between the photoreceptor and the charging member, that is, the photoreceptor. This is because discharge occurs through a thin wedge-shaped space outside the contact area between the body and the charging member. The purpose of bringing the charging member into contact with the photoreceptor is to create such a small gap. That is, the above-mentioned minute gap is maintained by the contact of the charging member with the photoreceptor.

The charging member of the present invention can be used not only for transfer, primary charging, and neutralization, but also for transporting paper feed rollers and the like. Friction between the transport roller and the transfer material causes the roller contact area of the transfer material to become electrically charged, causing uneven charging on the transfer material itself, resulting in uneven images.This material was developed as a means to solve this problem. shall be applied.

OPC (
Organic photoconductor) photoreceptor, α-8i.

Various photoreceptors such as Se and ZnO can be used. Particularly, by using the charging member of the present invention in an OPC photoreceptor which is susceptible to deterioration in terms of mechanical strength and chemical stability, its characteristics can be exhibited significantly.

Electrophotographic devices that can use the charging member of the present invention include:
Copy machine, laser beam printer, LED printer,
Another example is an electrophotographic application device such as an electrophotographic engraving system.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electrophotographic apparatus to which the charging member according to the present invention is applied as a charging member for transfer.

In this electrophotographic apparatus, a photoreceptor 4 sensitized to near infrared light is used as a photoreceptor, and after being uniformly charged with negative polarity by a charging roller 5, the photoreceptor is modulated by an image signal and then raster-scanned by a laser beam. The light 6 lowers the potential of the image area to form an electrostatic latent image, which is visualized by the negative polarity toner in the developing device 7. Thereafter, the toner image T on the photoreceptor 4 is transferred onto the transfer material P by the charging member 1 for roller shape transfer to which a positive voltage is applied. Furthermore, the transfer material P onto which the toner image T has been transferred is then conveyed to a fixing device (not shown), where the toner image T is permanently fixed. Transfer residual toner on the photoreceptor 4 is cleaned by a cleaner 8,
Repeat the same process again.

An electrophotographic apparatus is constructed by combining a plurality of components such as the above-mentioned photoreceptor, developing means, and cleaner into an apparatus unit, and this unit is configured to be detachable from the apparatus main body. Also good. For example, photoreceptor 4
The cleaner 8 and cleaner 8 may be integrated into one device unit, and configured to be detachable using a guide means such as a rail of the device body. At this time, the above-mentioned device unit may include a charging means and/or a developing means.

In addition, when using an electrophotographic device as a copying machine or printer, optical image exposure involves
Alternatively, the original is read and converted into a signal, and this signal is used to scan a laser beam, drive a light emitting diode array, or drive a liquid crystal shutter array.

Furthermore, when used as a facsimile printer, the optical image exposure is exposure for printing received data. FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an example of this case.

The controller 11 controls the image reading section 10 and the printer 19. The entire controller 11 is controlled by a CPU 17. The read data from the image reading section is transmitted to the partner station through the transmitting circuit 13. Data received from the partner station is sent to the printer 19 through the receiving circuit 12. Predetermined image data is stored in the image memory.

A printer controller 18 controls a printer 19. 14 is a telephone.

After the image received from the line 15 (image information from a remote terminal connected via the line) is demodulated by the receiving circuit 12, the CPU 17 decodes the image information and sequentially stores it in the image memory 16. Ru. and at least 1
When the image of the page is stored in the memory 16, the image of the page is recorded. The CPU 17 reads one page of image information from the memory 16 and sends the decoded one page of image information to the printer controller 18. When the printer controller 18 receives one page of image information from the CPU 17, it controls the printer 19 to record the image information of that page.

Note that the CPU 17 receives the next page while the printer 19 is recording. As described above, images are received and recorded.

Incidentally, the method for producing electrodeposition coated particles of the present invention involves forming a chemically colored film on a nonmetallic substrate having a copper thin film on the surface, and then forming an electrodeposited film on the chemically colored film. This method is characterized by curing the electrodeposited film at a low temperature.

That is, according to the present invention, a copper thin film is formed on a base material, a chemically colored layer is formed on the copper thin film, and then an electrodeposition coating film is formed, thereby improving the corrosion resistance of the copper itself and the electrodeposition coating film. The adhesion to the base material is improved.

[Example 1] The following particles were prepared as electrocoated particles.

Cr(L) using ABS resin powder (average particle size 2μm)
-H250< -After processing with -820 series etching solution for 1 minute and washing with water, 30 g of stannous chloride was added as a sensitizer solution.
/ 1, at room temperature 2 using 20 m 1 / l of hydrochloric acid.
After treatment for 1 minute and washing with water, the activator solution was palladium chloride 0.3 g/l and hydrochloric acid 3 m j! /j
l! was used for 2 minutes at room temperature to make it conductive. after that,
Electroless copper plating solution (manufactured by Okuno Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) pH 13.0,
Plating was performed for 20 minutes at a bath temperature of 70°C to obtain a thickness of 1 μm. Then 5% sodium hydroxide, 11% potassium persulfate
% aqueous solution at 70° C. for 1 minute to form a chemically colored copper oxide film.

Then, 10 parts by weight of Ketchen Black EC (manufactured by Lion Agzo) was dispersed in 100 parts by weight of acrylic-melamine resin (trade name: Honeybright C-IL, manufactured by Honey Kasei Co., Ltd.) in a ball mill for 30 hours, and then in demineralized water. Using a coating solution diluted to 15 parts by weight, molding was carried out at a bath temperature of 25 DEG C. and a pH of 8 to 9, using the object to be coated as an anode and a 0.5 t stainless steel plate as a counter electrode, with an applied voltage of 150 .mu.m for 3 minutes. After electrodeposition, the particles were washed with water and cured in an oven at 97° C.±1° C. for 60 minutes to obtain the desired particles (these are referred to as electrodeposited particles A).

) The powder resistivity of the electrocoated particles is 60%R at 23°C.
, general powder resistivity measurement method under H environment (load load 1 kg)
/crr? ), it was 150Ω·cm.

Next, each charging member was manufactured using EPDM (Mitsui E PT4045 Mitsui Petrochemical Industries)], O0
Parts by weight (hereinafter referred to as parts) are dispersion medium polymer, 10 parts of Zinc White No. 1, 2 parts of stearic acid, 2 parts of Accelerator M (Tsukusera M Daien Shinko Kagaku), Accelerator BZ (Tsukusera BZ Ouchi Shinko Kagaku) ) 1 part, 2 parts of sulfur, foaming agent (Celmic C
Sanki Kasei) 5 parts, foaming aid (Selton NP Sankyo Kasei) 5 parts
Furthermore, the reinforcing agent, insulating oil, and others are compounded according to the respective compounding compositions shown in Table 1, and the mixture is uniformly dispersed and kneaded using two rolls, and the rubber is wrapped around a primer-coated iron core metal. Place in a mold and heat at 40°C 1100K g f
/ c n (preformed with steam vulcanization (
Roller-shaped charging members A to E were prepared by vulcanizing at 160° C. for 30 minutes and then polishing. This dimension is core metal diameter 6mm.

Outer diameter 16mm, core length 250mm, rubber length 230m
It was m. AI for resistance measurement! A total of IKg was loaded onto the plate at 500 g on both ends, and the resistance between the core metal and the Al plate was measured (23° C., 50 RH).

7(), °°cut No. 1 Table 4 shows the relationship between the resistance value of each charging member obtained in this way and the number of parts added of each filler (relative to 100 parts by weight of rubber). .

As is clear from FIG. 4, by adding the electrodeposition coating particles A in a predetermined semiconductive region, resistance fluctuations are small and stable with respect to changes in the amount added.

Furthermore, by changing the ratio of reinforcing carbon and insulating oil, a stable resistance value can be set arbitrarily.

In addition, when conducting a resistance value reproducibility test for each formulation, it was found that in the case of conductive carphone (Ketchen Black EC), 12
In phr addition, a variation of 3 orders of magnitude (5×10 10 Ω to 5×10′ Ω) occurred in the range for 10′ Ω. On the other hand, in the case of electrodeposition coating particles, it was found that the culm degree varied within the 1/4 order (measured value X1.125 to measured value xO, 875) in the range of measurement error.

Also, regarding the charging member E, Fe30a is used in the - boat fishing range.
Even if the amount of addition is changed, the desired semiconducting region cannot be achieved.

Next, charging member A was added in an amount of 12 phr, and charging member B was added in an amount of 12 phr.

Rollers C, D, and E were each manufactured using the above manufacturing method with an addition amount of 100 phr.

These roller-shaped charging members were installed as transfer charging members in an electrophotographic device (racer heel printer), and image output evaluation was performed using the electrophotographic device shown in FIG. 2.

This device uses an OPC drum with a diameter of 40 mm, and the dark area potential (VD) is -600■ and the bright area potential (V, ) is -100.
v, and reversal development was performed using a - component insulating magnetic toner. The transfer material used was copy paper with a basis weight of 64 g/TI (paper feeding speed was 40 mm/sec).
Met.

The configuration of the OPC tram is as follows.

An aluminum cylinder measuring 40φ×260 mm and having a wall thickness of 0.5 mm was prepared as a base.

4 parts of copolymerized nylon (trade name: CM8000, Toshishiku Rensei) and 4 parts of type 8 nylon (trade name: Niratsukamite 5003, manufactured by Dainippon Ink ■) were dissolved in 50 parts of methanol and 50 parts of n-butanol, and the above substrate was prepared. A 0.6 μm thick polyamide subbing layer was formed on top by dip coating.

Next, 10 parts of a disazo pigment having the following structural formula and 10 parts of polyvinyl butyral (Eslec BM2, manufactured by Block Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 120 parts of cyclohexanone were dispersed in a sand mill for 10 hours. 30 parts of methyl ethyl ketone was added to the dispersion and coated on the undercoat layer to form a charge generation layer with a thickness of 0.15 μm.

Prepare 10 parts of polycarbonate Z resin (manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.) with a weight average molecular weight of 120,000, and add 80 parts of monochlorobenzene together with 10 parts of a hydrazone compound having the following structural formula.
It was dissolved in parts.

This was coated on the above charge generation layer to form a charge transport layer with a thickness of 18 μm to prepare an OPC drum.

The charging roller 5 had a conductive rubber layer on a core metal, and was a 106Ω conductive diurethane com roller. Here, the resistance represents the resistance from the core metal to the roller surface per roller surface icr&. The charging roller 5 is always kept in pressure contact with the surface of the PC drum 4 with a predetermined pressure (for example, linear pressure of 0.01 to 0-2 kg/cm), and the photoreceptor is charged by applying a predetermined voltage. Charges uniformly. In this embodiment, a charging roller is shown as the charging means, but other conventionally employed corona chargers may be used.

Table 2 Example 2 CR rubber (WM-1 Showa Neobrene (Kikki) 100 parts by weight (hereinafter simply parts) MgO (Kiyowa Mag 150) 4 parts Ketchen Black EC 9 parts C1rco Light, R, P, 0 30 parts (Nippon Sun) Petroleum) Neofactis-N (Tenma Sub Kako) 20 parts Paraffin wax (Mobil Oil) 2 parts CML#21 (
Ohmi Chemical) 2nd part ZnO No. 1
5 parts Accelerator 22S (Kawaguchi Chemical Industry)
1.6 parts Accelerator BUR 2 parts Cellmic 0 8 parts Selton NP (Sanki Kasei) 4 parts or more, uniformly dispersed and kneaded using two rolls, and coated with a primer made of iron core metal. Wrap rubber around it, put it in a mold, preform at 40℃ and 100Kgf/crd, and steam vulcanize it (150℃, 30 minutes)
A base elastic layer was prepared by vulcanizing the material and then polishing it. The dimensions at this time are core metal diameter 6 mm, outer diameter 11 mm, core metal length 250 mm, and rubber length 240 mm.
It was mm.

Next, 100 parts of EPDM rubber (E P T 404.5 Mitsui Petrochemical), 10 parts of zinc white No. 1, 2 parts of stearic acid,
A composition of 2 parts of accelerator M, 21 parts of accelerator B, 2 parts of sulfur, 60 parts of paraffin oil, 45 parts of HAF carbon, and 100 parts of electrocoated particles A was mixed and uniformly dispersed and kneaded using two rolls. The above C in a crosshead extruder
A R sponge roller was coated and preformed, and this was again vulcanized by steam vulcanization at 160° C. for 30 minutes, and then polished to produce a roller-shaped charging member.

The completed roller-shaped charging member has an outer diameter of 12 mm.
The rubber length was 230 mm. The roller resistance at this time was determined by the method shown in FIG. 5, that is, by wrapping an aluminum foil 21 with a width of 10 mm on the charging roller base layer 20, applying DC IKV from a power source 22 between the core metal and the aluminum foil, and measuring the current. , when measured by the method of measuring the resistance value between the core metal and aluminum foil, it was 6 ×
It was 107 Ω·cm (25° C., 60% RH).

This roller is used as the charging roller 5 in FIG.
The roller No. 1 of Example 2 was used as the transfer roller, and the voltage was applied to the charging roller 5 at an AC frequency of 150H.
Image quality was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the voltage between the z, A, and C peaks was 2 KV and the DC voltage was 700 V. Even after 100,000 copies, the same high image quality as at the initial stage was obtained.

Also, make a pinhole with a diameter of about 0.5 mm on the OPC drum photoreceptor, 15°C, 110% R, H, 25°C, 60%
When the image output was evaluated in the same manner under each environment of RH, 32.5°C and 985% RH, the surface layer and underlying elastic layer of the charging roller did not cause current damage in all three environments, and they were not necessary for charging. A sufficient charging potential was obtained.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 is a vertical sectional view (left figure) and a parallel sectional view (right figure) of the charging member of the present invention in the axial direction; FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of the electrophotographic apparatus used in this example; The figure is a block diagram of a facsimile machine using the electrophotographic device according to the present invention as a printer, Figure 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of additive added and the resistance of the charging member, and Figure 5 is resistance measurement of the roll-shaped charging member. FIG. 1... Charging member 2... Conductive base 3... Elastic body inserted Owe @ (F' h r)

Claims (8)

[Claims] (1) A charging member characterized in that an elastic body contains electrocoated particles having a thin copper film on the surface of nonmetallic particles and further has an electrocoated coating thereon. (2) The charging member according to claim 1, wherein the copper thin film is a copper plating film. (3) The charging member according to claim 1, further comprising a chemically colored film between the copper thin film and the electrodeposited coating. (4) The charging member according to claim 3, wherein the chemically colored film is a copper oxide film. (5) having a copper thin film on the surface of the nonmetallic particles in the electrophotographic photoreceptor and the elastic body that is in contact with the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor;
An electrophotographic apparatus further comprising a charging member containing electrodeposition coating particles having an electrodeposition coating thereon. (6) The electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the charging member is disposed at a position where the toner image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor is transferred to the transfer material. (7) The electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the charging member is disposed at a position to uniformly charge the electrophotographic photoreceptor. (8) An electrophotographic photoreceptor and electrocoated particles having a thin copper film on the surface of the nonmetal particles and an electrodeposition coating thereon in an elastic body that is in contact with the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor. 1. A facsimile machine comprising: an electrophotographic device having a charging member containing a charging member; and a receiving means for receiving image information from a remote terminal.